[General] de Broglie Wave Computer Simulation

Wed Jun 3 17:17:41 PDT 2015

Hello Everyone,

My son and I have put together a video of the various computer simulations
we have made of my electron model. It is about one minute long and shows a
total of 6 separate computer simulations.  Since there is currently no
narration, it is necessary for me to provide a written explanation and two
other attached figures. I suggest that you first look at the video once
before I give an explanation.  Go to the following link and you will see:
“deBrogliewave simulation”  Click on:  “ > Play all”.

To view the video full screen I suggest that after starting the video, you
immediately click on the icon on the bottom right of the video which
enlarges the video to full screen. The screen will go black for a few
seconds between the different simulations.  To eliminate the “full
screen”, press the “escape” button at any time.  Here is the link:

 <https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGh99BOR2axiAtabtPBLcPJD7m74zzV6P>
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGh99BOR2axiAtabtPBLcPJD7m74zzV6P

Before I give an explanation of the video, I want to first reference my
last post from Monday, June 1 under the general title “photons”.  In that
post I gave a series of equations which connected the electrostatic force
to the gravitational force.  I used these equations to prove that the
electrostatic force has a mathematical and physical connection to the
gravitational force. The connection was originally a prediction of a wave-
based model of fundamental particles, fields and forces.  In the post I
made the point that the equations supported my contention that both
electric fields and gravitational fields are the result of fundamental
particles generating standing waves in the “spacetime field”.  I have
simple equations for the amplitude, frequency, displacement of spacetime
and strain in spacetime produced by these waves.  These equations give the
correct gravitational force between fundamental particles and they give the
correct electrostatic force if you assume either Planck charge or assume
charge e and the fine structure constant as a coupling constant.  

John W. has just written a long comment that included an explanation of the
successes of QED, but he never did comment on whether my equations implied
that the electrostatic force was transferred by Compton frequency waves.
These waves make both the electrostatic force and the gravitational force
between particles fundamentally scale with the number of reduced Compton
wavelengths.  The connection between these forces can only be seen when
this connection is acknowledged.  No one else in the group has even
commented.  The response has been to merely go back to discussions of
particle models which cannot generate the force relationships that I prove
must exist.  I claim that virtual photon messenger particles have to be
eliminated from any physical model and placed in the same trash bin as
other discarded scientific ideas such as the phlogiston theory.    The
replacement is waves in spacetime at a particle’s Compton frequency.
These waves generate the correct forces, correct de Broglie waves, correct
electric and magnetic field energy density, correct black hole limitations,
correct particle energy (given resonance frequencies of unknown origin),
etc. Even QED will be improved when it makes this transition to waves
because it will then be able to generate gravity.

As an introduction to the computer simulations, I want to first explain the
5 attached figures. All of these figures should be visualized as existing
in the “spacetime field”.  This is the single field that is the quantum
mechanical basis of spacetime.  It consists of a sea of dipole waves in
spacetime which are continuously slightly distorting both space by ±Lp
(Planck length) and distorting the rate of time by ±Tp (Planck time).
These waves are primarily at Planck frequency.  They lack angular momentum
and have the properties of a perfect superfluid.  Quantized angular
momentum existing since the Big Bang is also present in the spacetime
field, but it is quarantined into isolated rotating spherical vortices.
Each spherical vortex possesses ½ ħ of angular momentum and is a fermion.
Photons are similar, but not discussed here.  All of the overlapping fields
of the standard model are replaced by the single spacetime field which has
various resonances associated with the particles of the standard model.   

Figure 5-1 is a crude representation of the heart of my particle model
(rotar model).  It is a dipole wave in spacetime which is one Compton
wavelength in circumference.  Imagine a linear wave which is distorting the
rate of time and proper volume.  A sine wave maximum can represent a fast
rate of time and the sine wave minimum is the slow rate of time.  Now
imagine this wave being only one cycle long and bent into a circle, one
Compton wavelength in circumference.  That is what is being depicted in
figure 5-1.  The lobes depicted in 5-1 have known amplitudes which form the
basis of all force calculations.  The lobes also produce a spatial
distortion of ± Lp.  It is possible to talk about either the temporal or
spatial properties and imply the other.  

Even though there is mention of Planck length and Planck time this is not
the same as “Planck scale”.  That term applies to the most energetic
conditions possible.  An electron can distort spacetime by Planck length
and yet not have Planck frequency.  Also the strain of spacetime produced
by an electron is vastly less than the strain produced by a hypothetical
Planck mass.  Therefore, an electron is not Planck scale.  Only the energy
density of the spacetime field might be called “Planck scale”, but that
energy is not directly observable.  The virtual particle pairs that are
continuously coming into existence and going out of existence are another
manifestation of the energetic vacuum.  

Figure 5-2 is similar to figure 5-1 except that figure 5-2 is emphasizing
the rotating rate of time gradient that is created by the two different
rates of time in the lobes. This rate of time gradient has energy density
similar to the energy density of the lobes.  This lowers the angular
momentum of the rotating energy and allows it to achieve total angular
momentum of ½ ħ.  

The previous two figures ignored what is happening external to the “rotar
volume”.  The distortions in spacetime produced by the rotar are
attempting to radiate away the energy.  For example, the fast time lobe
produces a disturbance depicted by the solid Archimedes spiral in figure 10-
9 and the dashed line produces the disturbance associated with the slow
rate of time.  These can also be characterized as the lobe which produces
an increase in volume and a lobe which produces a decrease in volume.  Note
that a line drawn perpendicular to an Archimedes spiral does not project to
the center of rotation. A perpendicular line is approximately tangent to
the rotation circle that is one Compton wavelength is circumference.  The
approximation is virtually perfect the greater the distance.  

Figure 10-2 shows an important point as to how this model achieves
stability.  In the Huygens Principle, diffraction is explained with the
concept that every wavefront is the source of new wavelets.  In Huygens’
original version it was simply postulated that only the forward hemisphere
should be used.  Fresnel added that the sum of the amplitudes should be
squared and Kirchhoff added an equation for the amplitude distribution
which eliminated backwards propagation and also produced perfect simulation
of diffraction. In Figure 5-2 it is postulated that the few stable and semi-
stable particles which are known to exist have frequencies, amplitudes and
other properties which achieve backwards propagation represented by the
complete circles in figure 5-2.  This backwards propagation returns energy
to the rotar and generates pressure which opposes the internal pressure
associated with the rotar’s energy density propagating at the speed of
light.  

Figure 10-7 shows the effect of incorporating both the forward propagating
waves and the backwards propagating waves if the rotar is moving relative
to an observer.  The relative motion produces a Doppler shift on both
outgoing and incoming waves which produces a modulation envelope that we
know as the particle’s de Broglie waves.  The characteristics of this
modulation envelope perfectly matches the known characteristics of a moving
particle’s de Broglie waves. 

With this introduction, it is possible to now explain the video. Since each
video is short, it is useful to stop the motion by pressing the “pause”
button or moving the slider at the bottom back to the beginning. 

The first of the 6 videos shows a stationary fundamental particle such as a
stationary electron.  This video has 3 panels depicting different parts of
the simulation.  The left and middle panels show rotating Archimedes
spirals.  The blue regions represent space which has a slightly faster rate
of time.  The yellow represent space with slightly slower rate of time.
The blue can also represent space which has slightly smaller volume than
predicted by Euclidian geometry.  The yellow represents space with slightly
larger volume than expected.  

Both spirals are rotating the same direction, but the left panel represents
the outgoing wave and the middle panel represents the incoming wave.  These
waves should be small amplitude near the outer edges and large amplitude
near the center.  If this intensity was depicted accurately all but the
center would almost disappear and it would be difficult to see the effects
that are being illustrated.  Therefore, imagine the intensity decreasing
with distance.  The right hand panel shows what happens when we combine the
outgoing and incoming waves.  The spiral is lost and all we see is rotating
equivalent of a “standing wave”.  

If we have two plane waves propagating in opposite directions, then a true
standing wave is created.  When rotation is involved, then this is what is
produced.  The wave never dies away, but any fixed point removed from the
center experiences a sinusoidal increase and decrease in amplitude, the
same as a fixed point in a standing wave created by two plane waves.  Also
notice the center.  There are two spots, one blue and one yellow which are
rotating around a central point.  This can be thought of as the rotar
depicted in figure 5-1.  This is the region that is generating all the
other waves surrounding it. Obviously the amplitude of this region should
be much higher compared to the surrounding volume.

The second animation is a 3 D simulation of the “external volume” of the
rotar model.  This shows the amplitude decreasing with distance.  Also the
black null region that is prominent in the first video is merely the null
between the portions protruding up and the portions protruding down.  To
spot this null, it is necessary to look at the left hand animation and
catch the relatively flat area extending radially away from the center as
it quickly rotates by.  Also this figure is missing the central volume
which is the rotar itself.  Some views of the left hand animation show a
central hole.  This region was eliminated because the amplitude was too
great.

The third video is merely another animation of the stationary fundamental
particle such as an electron. This view shows some decrease in intensity
with distance, but it still is not able to capture the range of strength
required for an accurate depiction of amplitude.  All the videos show
rotation in a fixed plane.  The rotation is chaotic with an expectation
rotational axis, but all other rotational directions are possible with the
exception of the opposite of the expectation rotational direction.  

The fourth video is the first of three videos which shows a moving
monopole.  This is not a true simulation of a moving electron because it is
intended to explain some points using a simplified model.  This is a
monopole emitter rather than a rotating dipole.  If this was stationary the
left panel would show outgoing waves as concentric blue and yellow zones
expanding from the single central emitter.  The center panel would be the
inward waves and would appear to be concentric waves propagating towards
the center.   The right panel with no relative motion would be standing
waves which would appear to be concentric circles with alternating blue and
yellow colors that do not move, but they would fade in and out and change
color each half cycle.  

This fourth video actually depicts a monopole emitter moving to the right
at about 30% the speed of light.  Notice that the left panel shows that the
Doppler shift on the outgoing waves produces a shortening of the wave
spacing on the right side of the left panel and an increase in the wave
spacing on the opposite side of this panel.  The middle panel (incoming
waves) shown the opposite effect, produced by motion to the right at about
30% of the speed of light.  Notice the nice straight interference effects.
The simulation of de Broglie waves has the correct wavelength, correct
group velocity and correct phase velocity.  A better simulation would have
all three panels moving from left to right because they are depicting
things that require relative motion 

The next animation (5th animation) shows another unrealistic effect which
illustrates a point.  In this animation we use rotating dipoles rather than
monopole emitters, therefore there are rotating Archimedes spirals.
However, the problem is that the left and center panels are rotating
opposite directions.  This implies no angular momentum since the opposite
rotations cancel each other.  The result is that once again we have nice
straight de Broglie fringes.  The previous video had a monopole emitter
which also had no angular momentum and therefore straight de Broglie waves.

Since we are simulating a rotating wave that forms an electron or other
fundamental particle, there should be some difference in the de Broglie
waves produced by clockwise rotation compared to counter clockwise
rotation.  The 6th video (the last video) shows the correct angular
momentum for both outgoing and incoming waves.  Both spirals are rotating
the same direction and the relative motion is again about 30% of the speed
of light.  The result is amazing.  In the right panel the interference
fringes are no longer straight.  Pausing the video and then moving the
slider at the bottom allows different conditions to be examined.  It takes
two fringes to complete one de Broglie wavelength. Therefore the top half
of this panel contains one more complete de Broglie wave than the bottom
half.  If both outgoing and incoming rotations are reversed, then the de
Broglie wave pattern changes and the unusual effect occurs in the bottom
half of the panel. 

A long distance from the extra wave (from the rotar), the distortion
produces a ¼ wavelength shift between the top half and the bottom half
(recall that it takes 2 antinodes to complete one de Broglie wavelength).
Therefore, this might be predicting that there should be an experimentally
observable difference in the single slit interference pattern produced by
electrons passing through the single slit when their spin axis is parallel
to the long dimension of the slit (the condition simulated) compared to
other orientations.  For example, the single slit interference pattern
produced when the electron passes through a slit with its spin axis either
parallel to the propagation direction or parallel to the narrow dimension
of the slit should produce straight, evenly spaced de Broglie waves.  This
would have to be analyzed further because a lot of questions would need to
be answered and exact predictions made.   

If a simulation was performed with the spin axis oriented either parallel
to the direction of motion relative to the slit or parallel to the narrow
dimension of the slit, then the interference pattern would be straight
lines like the previous two videos and the single slit pattern produced
should be the same as for light.   The effect described would have a only a
small effect on the double slit experiments already performed with
electrons.  It would probably would not be noticeable.  A single slit would
be easier to analyze and the effect should be more noticeable. 

In conclusion, the same model which predicted a connection between gravity
and the electrostatic forces also produces a good simulation of de Broglie
waves.  The next step is multiple other simulations.  Eventually someone
should notice and join the fun.   

John M.

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