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<DIV dir=ltr>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>John:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>I think this speed of light thing is crucial because one thing
leads onto another. Ideally I would like a weekend with you to hammer this out,
because it is so very important. But here we are, with email. And this is a big
one. You are blue. Bear with me:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>I would like us to agree to make the simple
postulate that time is what clocks measure.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>This is where it goes wrong, right at the very beginning. This is
what </FONT><A
href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/World-without-Time-Forgotten-Einstein/dp/0465092942">A
World Without Time</A><FONT face=Calibri></FONT><FONT face=Calibri> is all
about. Take a look inside a clock. Can you see time flowing through it like it’s
some kind of chronological gas meter? No. You see springs and rockers and cogs,
moving. And/or a vibrating crystal. And/or a pendulum*. And so on. It’s always
something moving, usually in some regular cyclical fashion. Hence the inner
mechanism of a clock is called a </FONT><A
style='href: "https://www.google.co.uk/?gws_rd=ssl#q=clock+movement+"'><FONT
face=Calibri>movement</FONT></A><FONT face=Calibri>. What clocks do, is “clock
up” some kind of regular cyclical motion and show you some cumulative result
that you call the time**. <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Clocks
don’t measure time, they measure <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">motion</I>. When some guy in some SciFi
movie has a gizmo that stops time, what it actually stops is <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">motion</I>. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>You are kind of assuming that there is an
absolute clock reference - and that is not what relativity is
about.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>I’m not. I’m pointing to the empirical evidence, and to what
Einstein said. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>You are ascribing changes in the velocity to
(quite proper) changes in the clock. One can do this but it has consequences and
can lead to confusion in thinking - as we observe here.
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>There is no confusion. But there is a consequence, and it is this:
<I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">when the clock goes slower, it’s because
that motion goes slower</I>. There is no time flowing through the clock. There
is <EM>motion</EM> occurring in the clock. Even when it’s an optical clock.
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>I think we need to look at proper changes in
ruler as well.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>We define the second using the motion of light. When the light goes
slower the second is bigger. When we then use the slower light and the bigger
second to define the metre, they cancel each other out. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Indeed -experimentally -clocks slow down as you
enter a gravitational potential </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>That they do. And there is no time flowing through any of them.
Whether it’s a mechanical clock or a quartz wristwatch or an atomic clock, they
all go slower when you’re lower. Because the motion inside them goes slower.
Everything goes slower, and we say time goes slower. But that’s just a figure of
speech. There is no actual thing called time going anywhere. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Equivalently, light reduces its frequency (in
step) as one goes up, to overcome the work done against gravity.
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Cross my heart and hope to die: this is a fallacy. Your clock goes
faster when you go up, so you measure the frequency to be reduced, even though
it hasn’t changed a jot. In similar vein if you move fast through space away
from the light source, you measure the frequency to be reduced, even though it
hasn’t changed a jot. Conservation of energy applies.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Conversely if one climbs a hill one has to do
work. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>True. You do work on a brick if you throw it up in the air. The
kinetic energy you give it is converted into potential energy, the brick reaches
its maximum height, and then it falls back down. This doesn’t happen to a
photon, because a photon is all kinetic energy. It doesn’t slow down. And nor
does the descending photon speed up. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>The work done goes into winding all the little
oscillators inside your body up </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Agreed. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>if I use an absolute standard clock at some
level of gravitational potential as "the" absolute clock, then clocks lower go
slower </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Agreed. But let’s make them light clocks. They go slower because
the light goes slower. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>However this is not what the initial postulate
relating to the speed of light says or means. It says that the speed of light,
experimentally in vacuo, is a constant.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>When you measure a change, it’s either because the thing you
measured changed, or because <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">you</I>
changed, along with your measuring devices. When you <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">don’t</I> measure a change, it might be
because nothing changed. But it might be because the thing you measured changed
and <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">you changed too</I>.
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Now if time is what clocks measure, then what
is space.</FONT> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Space is empirical. Hold your hands up a foot apart. See that gap
between them? That’s a space. That’s what space is. Now waggle your hands.
That’s motion. That’s empirical too. I can show you space and motion. Now you
try showing me time. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Let’s make a further postulate - that rulers
are what measure space. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>We use the motion of light through space in light clocks to measure
time, and then we use radar, the motion of light through space, along with those
light clocks, to measure space. Motion is king. <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">And electrons are made of it</I>. And rulers
are made of electrons. And other things too, but you get the gist.
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>That means taking a standard ruler, dividing it
by a standard time IN THAT FRAME gives a standard velocity. It is indeed a
tautology that the speed of light is then a constant - in
vacuo.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>It’s a tautology because we use the motion of light to define the
second and the metre, and then use them to measure the motion of light.
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>I believe that that is the current status of
all of experiment. Am I wrong? </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>No. You aren’t wrong. But the clockwork man using his clockwork
clock to measure the speed of clockwork will say the same. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Now. What a velocity (or speed) is- its
distance divided by time. Time is not motion, space is not motion. Motion is
motion.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Motion is motion, but without motion there is no time. Imagine I
sit you at a desk with a big red button. I tell you that if you press the
button, all motion in the universe will cease. Then I tell you that if you press
it a second time, motion resumes. Do you press the button?</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Motion is space divided by time. OK?
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>No. Motion is empirical. So is space. Time isn’t. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Can we agree that speed = ds/dt and velocity is
dv/dt? A little bit of space divided by a little bit of time. Do that, with
light, in vacuo, anywhere, any time, you get the same number. Experimentally.
Lets call it c. The speed of light.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><FONT
face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us">You
get the same number because the second is the </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: en">duration of <SPAN
class=nowrap1>9192631770</SPAN> periods of the radiation corresponding to the
transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium
133 atom. And because the metre is the length of the path travelled by light in
vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458th of a second. If the light goes
slower, the second is bigger, they </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN
lang=EN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: en">cancel</SPAN></FONT><FONT
face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: en">
each other out, and you <EM>still</EM> say the speed of light is 299792458 m/s.
<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Something is, indeed, changing. Something is,
indeed, missing. But just what that change or missing thing is depends on how we
choose to split up our thinking. What we choose to be primary, and what do we
choose to be derived. Do we take space as primary? </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Yes. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Do we take the constancy of the speed of light
as primary? </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>No. Einstein didn’t. Nor does Shapiro, nor Magueijo and Moffat, nor
Wright, nor Koks, nor me. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Is something else primary?
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Motion. We live in a world of space and motion. Clocks clock up
motion. The little hand moves. The big hand moves. And we say they tell the
time. But they just <EM>moved</EM>. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>However, there is one thing I know about that
is missing - that most other people do not know that is missing. Luckily some
clever people have discovered it independently over the years. One of them was
Martin, Another, (quite) a bit before was Louis de Broglie. It is the Harmony of
phases. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>I’m guessing that <A
href="http://www.bougainvilleaclinic.com/Dr-Andrew-Worsley.php">Andrew
Worsley</A> discovered it too. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Also I love and respect and idolise Einstein as
much as the next man. As someone who has read some of his stuff, in German, and
found mistakes and mis-directed steps in his work, I cannot take him as an
absolute authority. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>The evidence and experiment is the authority. And the evidence says
this: when you open up a clock, you don’t see time flowing through it. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>The quote from Einstein is correct - but both
he (and you) can choose whether you see it as a change in velocity or a change
in speed</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>I’ve read the original German. It’s a change in speed. That’s why
he referred to the SR postulate. If you try to insist on the vector-quantity,
you leave Einstein saying light curves because it curves. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>In Martin and my 1997 model the photon curves
(changing velocity) but the speed remains that of the speed of light everywhere
(c), for example.</FONT><BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><BR><FONT
face=Calibri>You can make a car go round in circles by deflating the tyres on
the left a little. But a much better way is to turn the steering wheel. Your
s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>econd email:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
color=#0000ff><FONT face=Calibri>In the narrow context of space, time and
light-speed (defined as = space/time at the rest-massless limit) there are two
valid viewpoints (consistent with experiment) and six invalid viewpoints.
Viz:</FONT><BR><BR></FONT></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: ; COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
color=#0000ff face="Courier New"> space <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>time speed <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>valid<BR></FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: ; COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
color=#0000ff><FONT face="Courier New">1 fixed <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>fixed <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>fixed <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>no<BR>2 fixed <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>fixed <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>varies <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>yes<BR>3 fixed
varies varies no<BR>4 fixed
<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>varies
fixed <SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>no<BR>5
varies fixed <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>fixed <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>no<BR>6 varies
fixed <SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN>varies <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>no<BR>7 varies
varies varies no<BR>8 varies
varies fixed
yes</FONT><BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><BR><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>Now you can have case 2 or case 8 but not both
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Case3 is valid. When the light goes slower the second is bigger but
the metre stays the same. So space is fixed, time varies, and speed varies. Only
I didn’t mention radial length contraction. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>The lab on earth is not good as it is
effectively (according to the postulate of equivalence) accelerating at g.
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>I root for relativity, but I will tell you this: the principle of
equivalence only applies to an infinitesimal region. It doesn’t apply to the
room you’re in. In truth, it was merely an enabling principle, a way forward.
Accelerating through homogeneous space, it’s not the same as standing still in
inhomogeneous space. In the former situation, light appears to curve, but
actually, it doesn’t. In the latter situation, it does. Your
t</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>hird email:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>For any particle-as-a-clock both (energy)
frequency goes up and (clock ) frequency goes down. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Imagine an electron in front of you. It has an energy and a
frequency. When you drop it, gravity converts internal kinetic energy into
external kinetic energy. Then when you catch it, you dissipate that kinetic
energy, and the electron now has a mass deficit. Its mass is lower. And all it
really is, is an E=hf photon going round and round. Its energy is lower. So its
frequency is lower too. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>The main point of the harmony of phases is that
the phase of both of these oscillations, is in harmony for all space and all
time and in any Lorentz frame. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>You must read Friedwardt Winterberg’s paper. When you drop an
electron into a black hole, its downward speed relates to the difference in the
“coordinate” speed of light at two elevations, which you can gauge with optical
clocks. When the electron has fallen to a place where the coordinate speed of
light is halved, I don’t think things are harmonious any more. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>it does indeed make no sense to say the speed
of light varies.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>But the experiment says it does. If it didn’t vary, optical clocks
wouldn’t go slower when they’re lower. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>What this means mathematically is that the
speed of light is fundamentally, in fact, infinite. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>But experiment says it isn’t. You and I shine a laser at the moon,
and it’s circa two seconds before we see the reflection. The speed of light is
not infinite. It is <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">indefinite.</I> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>If we could just throw a switch and double the
speed of light we would then not notice.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>True. Because <EM>we are made of light</EM>. The speed of
everything would be doubled. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
color=#0000ff face=Calibri>This is why it can, and should, become common
knowledge that photon events always take place at a single space-time point (
the concept you were having trouble with before).</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000>If the speed of light was infinite, everything
would happen at once. There would be no time. Just as there would be no time if
the speed of light was zero. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>I have talked (and written) about this before
for photons (the first time was in 2008 at Cybcon)- but have not yet managed to
get it peer-reviewed published or even found any individual with whom the idea
had any significant traction - outside of Martin of course.
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Sorry to be an awkward sod. But I feel driven to get across this
inhomogeneous space so that the road is clear for curved space.
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>I think it is the single most important thing
we should be communicating to everyone in the year of light.
IMHO.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>I wish we agreed on everything. But there again, if we did,
whatever would we talk about? </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri><FONT color=#0000ff>I think i need to find a new job or just give
this one up though as the present one is giving me 50 hour weeks of
teaching...</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: tahoma; mso-ansi-language: en-us"><FONT
face=Calibri>Maybe somebody is trying to keep you busy. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt"><FONT face=Calibri>Regards</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt"><FONT face=Calibri>John D</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt"><FONT face=Calibri></FONT></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt"><FONT face=Calibri>* the pendulum clock is the
odd man out, in that the clock rate depends on the first derivative of
gravitational potential rather than gravitational potential. The “force of
gravity”. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt"><FONT face=Calibri>** Just keep gazing at the image
below. Have a glass of wine or two. Keep looking at it. There’s some weird
psychological barrier to all this, wherein people insist that clocks go slower
when they’re lower because time goes slower, when the time is just the number of
reflections, or oscillations, or turns of a cog.
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt"><SPAN
style='FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: black'><IMG id=_x0000_i1026
border=0 alt=parallel src="cid:754FCA945DF44AC09CEEE723493E2C26@HPlaptop"
width=133 height=196></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>