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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Hello. I am John Macken and I am a new addition to your group. In the past I have been in communication with Vivian and Richard. Richard and I both live in Santa Rosa, California, but we met for the first time only about 2 months ago. I have spent the first few days reading past posts so that I can get up to speed with the position of the group. <o:p></o:p></span></p><pre><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>I was very happy to see that the announced topic for the SPIE discussion is</span><span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'> "</span><b><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>Are electrons oscillating photons or oscillations of the vacuum itself</span></i></b><b><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>?</span></i></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>" I strongly support the position that both photons and electrons are oscillations of the vacuum itself. In fact, my position is that all particles, fields and forces are ultimately made of the single building block of the quantum mechanical properties (oscillations) of 4 dimensional spacetime. I wanted to join this group because I believe that I can help elevate the discussion from merely talking about photons, charge and electric fields in the abstract to quantifying the underlying structure of photons, charge, electrons, etc. I know that experimental proof is the gold standard of the group and I believe that I can support my views by showing that they are supported by experiments. <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>I have my own model of an electron which in a casual description might sound like I am saying that it is a single loop photon with radius: </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif;color:black'>h bar</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>/mc. However, I go far beyond this superficial description and get into the fundamental structure of spacetime and ultimately show that oscillations of vacuum energy can explain photons, electric fields, electrons, gravity, etc. Furthermore, I am not talking about arm waving; I am saying that these are quantifiable effects which result in predictions and experimental proofs. <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>For example, a key insight is that spacetime has a key property which has been named the “impedance of spacetime Zs = c^3/G = 4.04x10^35 kg/s”. While I independently derived this from gravitational wave equations, I later discovered that it had first been identified by D. G. Blair in 1991. The fact that spacetime has impedance implies that is an elastic medium with quantifiable energy density. The energy density works out to be Planck energy density which corresponds to the energy density of zero point energy if the maximum frequency is assumed to be equal to Planck frequency. I have explained the apparent absurdity of spacetime having tremendous energy density. <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>Many of my ideas are contained in a technical paper available as a preprint at</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><a href="http://onlyspacetime.com/QM-Foundation.pdf"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif'>http://onlyspacetime.com/QM-Foundation.pdf</span></a><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>This paper will be published this month as a chapter in the Springer book series titled “Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics”. </span><o:p></o:p></pre><p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:13.5pt'><o:p> </o:p></p><p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:13.5pt'>My proposed model can be loosely described as a quantifiable distortion of spacetime propagating at the speed of light around a chaotic circle one Compton wavelength in circumference. This has many similarities to the photon-based structure of an electron proposed by others in the group, but I get into the details which account for the obvious differences between photons and electrons. It might be said that photons and electrons are first cousins because their underlying structure both originate with oscillations of spacetime that can be described by similar equations.<o:p></o:p></p><p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:13.5pt'>My work has resulted in several predictions which can be experimentally proven correct. For example, the proposed structure of an electron affects the forces generated by electrons. One prediction is that both the gravity and the electric field produced by an electron should have a static component which strains spacetime and a component oscillating at the electron’s Compton frequency. This oscillating component causes the electron’s electric and gravitational fields to fundamentally scale with the electron’s reduced Compton wavelength. Furthermore, gravity should be a nonlinear effect which scales with wave amplitude squared while electric field should be a linear effect which scales with wave amplitude (not squared). <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> These predictions can be experimentally proven correct because equations given in the preprint paper show that starting with the Coulomb law equation and Newton’s gravitational law equation there is indeed the previously unknown square relationship between gravity and the electrostatic force when the separation distance between two electrons is stated using the number of reduced Compton wavelengths rather than using meters. The vast difference between an electron’s gravitational force and its electrostatic force can be expressed as a simple square of wave amplitude and alpha, the fine structure constant. The paper also proposes a new constant of nature which converts charge and electric field into a distortion of spacetime. Application of this constant predicts that photons and electric fields should have limiting conditions. These predictions are also shown to be correct because these limits imposed by the quantum mechanical properties of spacetime correspond to conditions which would produce black holes. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>In summary, my position is that both photons and electrons are quantifiable oscillations of the vacuum itself.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>John M.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>