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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Hi Richard<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>An energy quantum as a foundation for particles is quite an interesting concept.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>My current feeling, however is that there is a more direct solution which does not require this sub particle. The energy quantum may actually be the solution, but it seems to me that a simple, more complete solution emerges from the concept of fields being fundamental. Or in John Macken’s way of stating it, space is fundamental. My current view is that energy reacts with space, causing distortions, which are fields, and these fields cause forces which in turn interact with the fields, causing, quantization, confinement, and therefore oscillation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Of course I am not ruling out your concept of an energy quantum, just pursuing another possible solution which currently seems more plausible. The fields only approach, has been quite fruitful, so I am becoming more convinced. The nice thing about such an approach is the ability of that approach to define charge topologically, and perhaps explain everything form the same topological framework. Part of my motivation in pursuing the fields only approach is emotional as well. I want to know the underlying reasons for how everything works. Introducing an energy quantum into the solutions just moves the problem for me to something even smaller and causes another level of definition to be required. So until something forces me to think otherwise I am want to pursue the Occam’s razor guided argument that fields are fundamental and are simply the interaction of energy with space.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>I have noticed however that in almost every field based model, it is possible to insert an “energy quantum” as a generator of the field and still have principally the same model. But I still find it more comfortable to assume that fields are generated simply by the reaction of energy with space.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Chip<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> General [mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Gauthier<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, April 04, 2015 2:00 AM<br><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Nature of Light and Particles - Request<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Chip,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> Since we are rightly looking for causes, I would say that neither charge nor field topology is fundamental, but that both are the effects of something more fundamental than either. An uncharged photon has topology but not charge. A charged photon has a different topology along with its charge, and has rest mass as well. But rest mass is confined energy and a cause must also be sought for this relative confinement of energy compared to that of an uncharged photon. I think an energy quantum (which comes in different varieties depending on the fundamental physical particle) is the cause of field topology, charge and rest mass, as well as other particle properties.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> Richard<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Apr 3, 2015, at 4:08 PM, Chip Akins <<a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com">chipakins@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hi John Macken<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>It has been very interesting reading some of your work. It seems that each member of this discussion group brings a new perspective and therefore additional insight to the group.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>One of the background experimental artifacts addressed in models of the electron comprised of a “photon” is of course the annihilation reaction where an electron and positron release two gamma ray photons. The notion that the photon and the electron are both oscillations of spacetime is consistent with that as well. In the confined photon electron models which display topological charge, the photon is changed in the spin trajectory and orientation of its fields, so calling it a photon still, is taking some creative license which we all recognize. Your way of stating the electron structure may be more accurate. Several of us have described various aspects of the fields in the electron and how they differ from the fields in the photon. However, not only is space oscillating in these particles, those oscillations, the reaction of energy and space, create fields, as you have also addressed. I want to spend a significant bit more time studying your work. Thank you.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Regarding the photon spin, orbital angular momentum, and polarization: Do you have an idea of the photon’s internal field topology which can explain both spin and orbital angular momentum?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hi Richard<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>As far as I can tell, one significant difference in your electron model and the models which display a charge due to the field topology of the confined photon, is the assumption that charge is elemental, versus the assumption that charge is topologically generated, otherwise the models a fairly similar. I like the topologically generated view, because it not only yields a viable electron model, but it also posits a cause for charge. But until we can find a way to prove that concept with experiment it seems it remains a matter of personal preference? Do you have any thoughts about an experiment which might be able to prove or disprove the topological origin of charge?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Chip<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></b>Richard Gauthier<br><b>Sent:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Friday, April 03, 2015 5:35 PM<br><b>To:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br><b>Subject:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Re: [General] Nature of Light and Particles - Request</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Martin,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> A charged photon would not be a massless object, so you would be right. A charged photon would have mass as an electron, a muon or a tau. But a charged photon would have spin 1/2 hbar and would be a fermion (since it is an electron.)<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> Richard<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Apr 3, 2015, at 10:05 AM, Mark, Martin van der <<a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com"><span style='color:purple'>martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</span></a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Dear Richard,</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>It just struck me that if you want to hold on to a charged photon as a concept, it should actually be a W-boson, another very illusive thing to describe. What I am saying is, that in case I would be right that there cannot be such a thing as a charged photon as a massless object, indeed there is a massive object that is a spin 1 boson with charge. It may not have some double loop though…</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Well, just a thought to see if we can keep as much on board as possible…</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Best, Martin</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy'>Dr. Martin B. van der Mark</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy'>Principal Scientist, Minimally Invasive Healthcare</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:navy'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy'>Philips Research Europe - Eindhoven</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy'>High Tech Campus, Building 34 (WB2.025)</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy'>Prof. Holstlaan 4</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy'>5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy'>Tel: +31 40 2747548</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>General [</span><a href="mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:purple'>mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>]<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></b>Richard Gauthier<br><b>Sent:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>vrijdag 3 april 2015 18:48<br><b>To:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br><b>Subject:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Re: [General] Nature of Light and Particles - Request</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>John,<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> I very much appreciate your welcoming and open approach to ideas that you may not agree with. You were very kind to include me in a group e-mail discussion last year about your recent article on the electron. This inspired me to study your and Martin’s 1997 electron model in more detail, and to review Vivian’s article as well as take a deeper look at Hestenes’ and Rivas' models of the electron as a helically moving light-speed electric charge, which came from their Dirac equation analyses. Then, in combination with rediscovering Dirac’s Nobel lecture quote about the electron moving at the speed of light but only being observable moving at less than the speed of light due to its small amplitude and high frequency motion, various ideas and results kind of synthesized and the relativistic charged photon model of the electron emerged. That would not have happened so soon (if at all) without my having had the opportunity to openly exchange views with you, Martin and Vivian and several of your other colleagues, which I am very grateful for. Chip’s work has also been very inspiring to me. I feel that we all may have found different pieces of, or at least clues to, the electron-photon puzzle.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> Richard<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Apr 2, 2015, at 8:41 PM, John Williamson <<a href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk"><span style='color:purple'>John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk</span></a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>My dear Chip,<br><br>There is absolutely nothing to apologise about. I should apologise as well, if it comes to that, for singling that thing out (when there is much more in the general discussion we have all been having). It is only through discussion, and seeing what others make of an exposition, that one can find the flaws in ones own presentations. Provided the questioner is serious and thoughtful, and of good will, it is pretty much, for me, the most valuable thing there is!<br><br>So thank you for getting the wrong end of the stick there. This particular one (together with Richard going the same way) - has been very valuable to me. The fault lies, if any, in our poor explanation of just what we are talking about - a fault I will try to rectify in future work.<br><br>Regards, John.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></div><div id=divRpF690295><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>General [</span><a href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:purple'>general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>] on behalf of Chip Akins [</span><a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:purple'>chipakins@gmail.com</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>]<br><b>Sent:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Thursday, April 02, 2015 11:26 PM<br><b>To:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion'<br><b>Subject:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Re: [General] Nature of Light and Particles - Request</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hi John W and Martin<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I would like to apologize for referring to your model form the 1997 paper as based on a “charge ribbon”.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>That was clearly an erroneous oversimplification. Will change the wording in my discussions and papers to try to avoid misrepresenting.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Your work has been a tremendous inspiration and I do not want to misrepresent it in any way.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Warmest Regards<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Chip<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>General [</span><a href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:purple'>mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>]<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></b>John Duffield<br><b>Sent:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Wednesday, April 01, 2015 9:51 AM<br><b>To:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion'<br><b>Subject:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Re: [General] Nature of Light and Particles - Request</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue'>Chip:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue'>It is interesting, isn’t it? Here’s another one:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>With a small correction factor Δ related to binding energy, we can say this:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><image001.gif></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt'> = 1.60218 <span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span style='color:#222222'>×</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>10<sup>-19</sup><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Coulombs </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'>ε</span></i><sub><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'>0<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></sub><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'>= 8.854187817 x 10<sup>-12</sup></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'>4</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>π = 12.56637061</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>c<sup>3<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></sup>= 26.94400241 x 10<sup>24</sup></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>With no correction for binding energy we can calculate electron charge as:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>√(</span><i><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'>ε</span></i><sub><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'>0</span></sub><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#222222'>/4</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>πc<sup>3</sup>) = √(</span><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'>8.854187817<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#222222'>×</span><span class=apple-converted-space><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'> </span></span><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'>10<sup>-12<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></sup></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>/ 338.5883200<span style='color:#222222'>×</span>10<sup>24</sup>) = √(2.6150304<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span style='color:#222222'>×</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>10<sup>-38</sup>) = 1.61710<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span style='color:#222222'>×</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>10<sup>-19</sup></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>This is within 1% of the measured value of 1.60218<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span style='color:#222222'>×</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>10<sup>-19</sup><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Coulombs.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue'>Regards</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue'>John D</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank" title="chipakins@gmail.com"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:purple'>Chip Akins</span></a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Sent:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Wednesday, April 01, 2015 2:56 PM</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>To:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" title="general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:purple'>'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion'</span></a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Subject:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Re: [General] Nature of Light and Particles - Request</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hi John D<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Interesting stuff about Planck’s constant.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>2.42631<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span style='color:#222222'>×</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>10<sup>-12</sup><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>m is the physical wavelength of the confined photon in my electron model.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Chip</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>General [</span><a href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:purple'>mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>]<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></b>John Duffield<br><b>Sent:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Wednesday, April 01, 2015 3:43 AM<br><b>To:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br><b>Subject:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Re: [General] Nature of Light and Particles - Request</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>John:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>The paper looks interesting. If you wish I’ll get back to you on it properly at a later date. Meanwhile take a look at</span><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9610066" target="_blank" title="http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9610066"><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:purple'>http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9610066</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>and at<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><a href="http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19084/" target="_blank" title="http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19084/"><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:purple'>http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19084/</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>by a medical doctor called Andrew Worsley. He talks about “harmonic quintessence”, and stuff like this:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'>Planck units are based on the properties of space. The Planck length is<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=digits>1.616199×10<sup>−35</sup></span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=digits>metres. It’s</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>defined using the speed of light, Planck’s constant of action h, and the gravitational constant G. It can be written (using the reduced Planck’s constant) as ℓ<sub>P</sub>=√(ћG/c³). We can replace √(ћG) with 4πn where n is a suitable value with appropriate dimensionality. The expression 4πn/√c³ still yields the Planck length. But if we now set n to the value 1 whilst retaining its dimensionality, then with a very small correction factor<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>δ<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt'>related to binding energy, the result is a different length. It is however familiar: </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><image002.gif></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>= 2.42631<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span style='color:#222222'>×</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>10<sup>-12</sup><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>metres </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Regards</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>John D</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><a href="mailto:viv@etpsemra.com.au" target="_blank" title="viv@etpsemra.com.au"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:purple'>Vivian Robinson</span></a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Sent:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Wednesday, April 01, 2015 2:49 AM</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>To:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" title="general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:purple'>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion</span></a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Subject:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Re: [General] Nature of Light and Particles - Request</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>John,</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>You are in. I look forward to receiving your contributions to the structure of photons and electrons.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Cheers,</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Vivian Robinson</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>On 01/04/2015, at 9:26 AM, "chandra" <</span><a href="mailto:chandra@phys.uconn.edu" target="_blank"><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:purple'>chandra@phys.uconn.edu</span></a><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>> wrote:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Welcome, John M.!</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>I am glad to see that you are “on board” finally!</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Please, feel free to read up the “archived” discussions and present your views using brief quotations to remind the readers the connection to the earlier discussions.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Chandra.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Michael: Please, send out the instructions as to how to access the archived discussions.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a name="_MailEndCompose"></a><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>General [mailto:general-</span><a href="mailto:bounces+chandra=phys.uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#954F72'>bounces+chandra=phys.uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>]<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></b>John Macken<br><b>Sent:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Wednesday, March 25, 2015 12:25 PM<br><b>To:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#954F72'>general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'><br><b>Subject:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>[General] Nature of Light and Particles - Request</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hello,<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I would like to join the Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion Group. I am John Macken and I presented a paper titled “Spacetime-based model of EM radiation” at the Nature of Light V conference in 2013. I have also submitted an abstract to make another presentation at the 2015 conference.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I am very interested models of the internal structure of an electron and other particles. I have a paper that will be published next month which deals with particles, fields and forces. A preprint is available at:<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:13.5pt'><a href="http://onlyspacetime.com/QM-Foundation.pdf" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#954F72'>http://onlyspacetime.com/QM-Foundation.pdf</span></a><span style='color:#444444'> <span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#444444'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I believe that I can make significant contributions to your discussion group.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Sincerely,<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>John Macken<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif'>_______________________________________________<br>If you no longer wish to receive communication from the Nature of Light and Particles General Discussion List at<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><a href="mailto:viv@etpsemra.com.au" target="_blank"><span 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