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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Hello Everyone,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>I want to address the question: Does a photon contain a particle-like nugget of energy? I believe that all the experiments are compatible with a photon being a wave distributed in length and width. <b>A photon¡¯s energy is not quantized – its angular momentum is quantized.</b> The photon¡¯s quantized angular momentum gives the appearance of a particle with quantized energy. For example, the energy of a photon depends on the frame of reference of observation (Doppler shift). If a photon is reflected off a moving mirror, its energy appears to be changed (not quantized) but its angular momentum is constant (quantized). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>It is often said that a photon possesses ¡°wave – particle duality¡±. I am saying there is only the appearance of a particle-like property because the wave possesses quantized angular momentum. Even electrons are quantized waves. The standard model says that all particles are merely ¡°excitations¡± of the more fundamental fields. I explain exactly the wave-based mechanism of this excitation. Yesterday I sent two technical articles which clearly describe the quantum mechanical properties of the energetic vacuum. The articles quantify zero point energy, wave amplitudes, impedance of spacetime, and energy density of spacetime. They show how the wave structure of spacetime can exhibit superfluid properties which isolates angular momentum into quantized units of ©¤ and ¨ö ©¤. Therefore, if you have read the articles you will understand when I say that the photon does not contain a particle-like nugget of energy. All the energy is in the photon¡¯s distributed wave. It only appears to possess a particle-like nugget of energy because spacetime is imposing quantization on its angular momentum. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>There are many experiments which support the contention that a photon does not possess a particle-like nugget of energy. First, all the double slit experiments are indicating that the photon propagates through both slits simultaneously. Imagine a double slit experiment conducted with two slits that are separated by 5 meters. If the light source is a distant star and the double slits are placed so that both slits are in the aperture of a 10 meter telescope, then the classical double slit interference pattern would appear in the focal plane of the telescope (assumes some wavelength selection). This interference pattern appears even if only one photon per second makes it to the focal plane. There is no particle-based explanation of this effect. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>There are numerous experiments which show that the emission of a photon happens over a time period corresponding to the inverse if the emission bandwidth. The following articles have numerous references which support this:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><a href="http://www3.uji.es/~planelle/APUNTS/ESPECTROS/jce/JCEphoto.html">http://www3.uji.es/~planelle/APUNTS/ESPECTROS/jce/JCEphoto.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> <a href="http://www.conspiracyoflight.com/photon/photon.html">http://www.conspiracyoflight.com/photon/photon.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>For example, a rubidium atom has a spectral line called the D<sub>1</sub> transition. When a rubidium atom goes through this transition, it emits a photon over about 26 ns. This implies that this photon has a wave train that extends over a distance of about 8 meters. Furthermore, the spectral line width of this rubidium transition has a bandwidth that also implies a wave packet with this physical length using a Fourier transform. This is not just an 8 meter uncertainty in the location of the photon¡¯s energy packet; it is an actual wave train that is 8 meters long at a wavelength of about 795 nm. </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'> The waves are also extended in width. The waves have a physical shape that can be shown to possess ©¤ of angular momentum.</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>