<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr"><span>John</span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr"><span><br></span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;" class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12549">> because the speed of light is the same for all frequencies (</span><i id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_11947" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;" class="">Z<sub class="" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12796">s</sub> = c<sup class="" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12797">3</sup>/G</i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;" class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12798">)</span><span><br></span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12555"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><span id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12539" class="" style="">Perhaps I should ask a question here...is this a valid assumption? </span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><span class="" style=""><br></span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style="">No, not in the sense of a GRT violation. GRT should be valid in any new proposed model. </div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style="">This leads to a bubble of spacetime where GRT clearly defines a limit of propagation as c. However....</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style="">c(outside) < c(inside)</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style="">which implies a GRT gradient.</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><i id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_11947" class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;">Z<sub class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12796" style="">s</sub> = c<sup class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12797" style="">3</sup>/G </i></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><i class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;"><br></i></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><i class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12868">is valid both inside and outside the bubble even though the </i><span id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_11947" class="" style="font-size: 19px;"><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12894">Z</i><sub class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12796"><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12895">s </i> </sub></span><i class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;">is a different value.</i></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><i class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;"><br></i></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><i class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12926"><i id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12894" class="" style="">As a result of these bubbles in spacetime, at the Z</i><sub class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12796" style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-style: normal;"><i id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12895" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">s </i></sub></i><i class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12870" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;">may not be a universal value where one size fits all. </i></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><i class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;"><br></i></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><i class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12940"><i id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12894" class="" style="">Z</i><sub class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12796" style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif;"><i id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12895" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">s</i></sub> may not be constant when comparing the inside of a particle (electron, photon, quantum) to outside the particle or to the zero vacuum.</i></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><i class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;"><br></i></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12497" dir="ltr" class="" style=""><i class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px;">David</i></div><div class="" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12577"><span class="" style=""><br></span></div><div class="" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12578"><span class="" style=""><br></span></div> <blockquote style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 5px; padding-left: 5px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12538"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12537"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12536"> <div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12535"> <hr size="1" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12534"> <font size="2" face="Arial" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12552"> <b id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12551"><span style="font-weight:bold;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12550">From:</span></b> John Macken <john@macken.com><br> <b id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12554"><span style="font-weight: bold;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12553">To:</span></b> Nature of Light and Particles <general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Friday, April 17, 2015 11:01 AM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> [General] Answers to Some Objections<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12722"><br><div id="yiv3879020108"><style><!--
#yiv3879020108
_filtered #yiv3879020108 {font-family:"Cambria Math";panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
_filtered #yiv3879020108 {font-family:Calibri;panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
#yiv3879020108
#yiv3879020108 p.yiv3879020108MsoNormal, #yiv3879020108 li.yiv3879020108MsoNormal, #yiv3879020108 div.yiv3879020108MsoNormal
{margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:106%;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri", sans-serif;}
#yiv3879020108 a:link, #yiv3879020108 span.yiv3879020108MsoHyperlink
{color:#0563C1;text-decoration:underline;}
#yiv3879020108 a:visited, #yiv3879020108 span.yiv3879020108MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:#954F72;text-decoration:underline;}
#yiv3879020108 span.yiv3879020108EmailStyle17
{font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;color:windowtext;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none none;}
#yiv3879020108 .yiv3879020108MsoChpDefault
{font-family:"Calibri", sans-serif;}
_filtered #yiv3879020108 {margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
#yiv3879020108 div.yiv3879020108WordSection1
{}
--></style><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12721"><div class="yiv3879020108WordSection1" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12720"><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12973"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;color:black;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12972">Hello Everyone,</span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12974"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;color:black;">Over the last week I have generated a lot of criticism which until now I have ignored. It is not possible to answer every objection in a short post because a one line objection can take several paragraphs to rebut. Therefore, I have selected some of the most critical comments from David M., Chip and John D to attempt to set the record straight. </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12719"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">David Mathes<span style="color:black;"> says</span></span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;color:black;">: </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;color:blue;">“</span><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;color:#C00000;">Impedance is frequency dependent</span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;color:#C00000;">. There are other dependencies as well but frequency plays a prominent role</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;color:blue;">.”</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12718"> This is correct for acoustics, but not for waves in spacetime. There are several important differences between waves in spacetime and acoustics. For example, the amplitude of acoustic waves is usually given as the displacement of particles which has units of length (L). For unit compatibility, it is necessary to express acoustic impedance with units of M/TL<sup>2</sup> (mass/time length<sup>2</sup>). Therefore, one type of acoustic impedance is <i>Z<sub>a</sub> = ρc</i><sub>a</sub> where <i>c</i><sub>a</sub> is acoustic speed of sound. This has the correct units. The amplitude of gravitational waves is often given as </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math", serif;">Δ</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">L/L, but the more accurate expression is </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math", serif;">Δ</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12723">L/<i><s>λ</s></i> which is dimensionless and expresses the maximum strain (maximum slope). In this case the impedance term must have units of M/T for compatibility. The impedance of spacetime Z<sub>s</sub> = c<sup>3</sup>/G has the correct units to be paired with a dimensionless amplitude term. </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12734"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">With this as background, it is now possible to answer the criticism that impedance is frequency dependent. Acoustic impedance is somewhat frequency dependent because the acoustic speed of sound (<i>c</i><sub>a</sub>) has some frequency dependence (<i>Z<sub>a</sub> = ρc</i><sub>a</sub>). However, waves in spacetime have no frequency dependence because the speed of light is the same for all frequencies (<i>Z<sub>s</sub> = c<sup>3</sup>/G</i>). </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12733"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12725"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">John D. says</span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12724">: “<span style="color:#C00000;">Waves move through space, not spacetime.</span>”. It is true that gravitational waves distort only the spatial dimensions, not the time dimension. If a gravitational wave propagates past a spherical volume of spacetime, the spherical volume will be distorted to becoming a vibrating ellipsoid. The ellipsoid has no change on volume compared to the original spherical volume because an elongation of one dimension is accompanied by an offsetting contraction of another dimension. There is no change in volume and the gravitational wave does not modulate the rate of time. There is a slight effect on the rate of time due to the fact that the gravitational wave has energy density, but there is no modulation of the rate of time at the frequency of the gravitational wave. </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12732"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12730"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1429293559089_12729">If you read my ‘foundation” article you will see that I am building the entire universe using “dipole waves in spacetime”, not gravitational waves. I explain in this article that dipole waves in spacetime are forbidden on the macroscopic scale described by general relativity, but they are permitted by quantum mechanics on the sub-microscopic scale governed by quantum mechanics. The article explains that dipole waves modulate both the rate of time and the space dimensions. These are actually the most fundamental type of wave that could exist in spacetime. The modulation of both space and the rate of time makes it possible for my model to generate the curvature of spacetime produced by a fundamental particle. For a fundamental particle, this equation is accurate to better than 1 part in 10<sup>40</sup>. Furthermore, there are other nonlinear terms and other considerations that I believe will eventually result in generating the complete equations of general relativity. Therefore, dipole waves in spacetime modulate both space and the rate of time.</span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">Chip says</span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">: “</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;color:#C00000;">I find that using gravitational waves, … (has a) problem. That is it seems to be building on a still undefined and unknown foundation. … If gravity waves travel faster than c for example, it completely changes the “stiffness” of space, impedance of space, and the whole foundation.</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">” </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">Gravitational waves do exist even if they are very hard to detect. </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">Gravitational waves transfer energy and angular momentum. In 1993 the Nobel Prize was awarded to Russell Hulse and Joseph Taylor for the proof that a binary neutron star system was slowing down its rotation because it was emitting gravitational waves. The amount of slowing was <b>exactly</b> the amount predicted by general relativity. The emission of gravitational waves produces a retarding force on the rotating binary stars, thus producing an observable slowing of the rotation (loss of energy and angular momentum). If it was possible to reverse the direction of these gravitational waves, the gravitational waves would return energy and angular momentum to the binary neutron star system.</span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">Gravitational waves also propagate at the speed of light. If they propagated faster than c, the universe would have many different laws than it actually has. You are welcome to doubt that gravitational waves propagate at c, but you will be forced to doubting many aspects of physics. </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">I obviously have skipped many questions. For example, John D. has 9 objections. I believe that I can answer any objection that I have seen, but it is necessary to be selective since the answer is much longer than the objection. Therefore, if there is a particularly important objection that I have not addressed, please state it in the next email.</span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;">John M.</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;"></span></div><div class="yiv3879020108MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div></div></div></div><br>_______________________________________________<br>If you no longer wish to receive communication from the Nature of Light and Particles General Discussion List at <a ymailto="mailto:dmath777@yahoo.com" href="mailto:dmath777@yahoo.com">dmath777@yahoo.com</a><br><a href="<a href="http://lists.natureoflightandparticles.org/options.cgi/general-natureoflightandparticles.org/dmath777%40yahoo.com?unsub=1&unsubconfirm=1" target="_blank">http://lists.natureoflightandparticles.org/options.cgi/general-natureoflightandparticles.org/dmath777%40yahoo.com?unsub=1&unsubconfirm=1</a>"><br>Click here to unsubscribe<br></a><br><br><br></div> </div> </div> </blockquote> </div></body></html>