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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Hello Everybody,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>I have received questions about how my particle model is stabilized. Those questions require several steps to explain and this is the first step that also implies a radius and frequency for the electron model. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>The vacuum is characterized as a sea of dipole waves in spacetime that are modulating both volume and the rate of time. These waves are permitted by quantum mechanics to have a maximum amplitude such that the distance between points will vary by </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'>± Planck length and the difference between perfect clocks in flat spacetime will vary by ± Planck time. These waves are at all frequencies up to Planck frequency which implies energy density of the energetic vacuum is about 10<sup>113</sup> J/m<sup>3</sup> and pressure is about 10<sup>113</sup> N/m<sup>3</sup>. Therefore, vacuum energy can easily offset the electron’s internal pressure of about 10<sup>24</sup> N/m<sup>3</sup> if the proper conditions can be achieved. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'>There are two parts to this model: the “quantum volume” or heart and the “external volume”. The heart of the model is the rotating dipole wave in spacetime in a spherical volume. The size of this volume will be calculated from the de Broglie wave characteristics. We are going to ignore the internal structure of the heart of an electron for today and concentrate on the de Broglie waves that are known to exist external to the heart. We can actually determine the rotational frequency and the wavelength of the disturbance making the de Broglie waves from the known characteristics of the de Broglie waves.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'>The attached PDF document is several pages out of my book which analyze the de Broglie waves. I suggest that you first scan the attached PDF document and casually look at the figures before reading the text. Some parts of the text refers to wave amplitude equations which are explained in the book but not explained in the attached document. Those equations can be skipped for now. I have many more figures created in Mathematica that are not included here. Even if you do not agree this model, this sets a standard for the degree of modeling and analysis that should be achieved. At a later date I will present more details and figures. Today, I want to just analyze de Broglie waves. Note that the de Broglie wave analysis implies a frequency and size of the heart of an electron. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'>John M.</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>