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<div style="direction: ltr;font-family: Tahoma;color: #000000;font-size: 10pt;">Dear Andrew,<br>
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Good for you!<br>
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<font color="339966">I'll go green ...<br>
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<div style="direction: ltr;" id="divRpF8929"><font face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2"><b>From:</b> General [general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] on behalf of Andrew Meulenberg [mules333@gmail.com]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, May 03, 2015 10:20 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Mary Fletcher<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] position<br>
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<div>Dear John W.,<br>
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Some comments on your standpoint.<br>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Sun, May 3, 2015 at 9:26 AM, John Williamson <span dir="ltr">
<<a href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk" target="_blank">John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><span lang="EN-US">Dear Richard, Andrew and everyone,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><span style="color:blue" lang="EN-US">My standpoint would be that given in blue</span></p>
<span class="">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">Dear Richard,</span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">You have raised important questions:</span></p>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">can you cut a photon in 1/2?
</span></font>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">not with a pair of scissors, but it can be done</span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">if so, how does its nature change?</span></font></li></ul>
<font size="1"></font></li><li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">can you 'rectify' a photon?
</span></font>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">can this give only the positive OR the negative fields diverging from each component?</span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">if so, how do you do it?</span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">if so, how does its nature change?</span></font></li></ul>
</li><li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">If you can split or rectify a photon so that all + charge is in one part and all - charge in the other:
</span></font>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">are the parts still photons?</span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">are they stable over time and space as the the neutral photon is?</span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">If so, under what conditions? (or are they unconditionally stable for some condition?)</span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">if the condition fails, what happens to the charged photon?</span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">Does a particular condition exist similar to that of a neutron. In free space it is not stable. In a nucleus it is.</span></font><span lang="EN-US"> </span></li></ul>
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</span>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span class=""><span lang="EN-US">can you cut a photon in 1/2?
</span></span>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:blue"><span lang="EN-US">I would say no. If the definition of a photon is a single exchange event not so by definition</span></li></ul>
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<div>Any suggestion as to what is happening in the interferometer experiments where a single photon appears to go along both paths to interfere with itself downstream?<br>
<br>
<font color="008000">Yes. One is thinking in the lab frame of reference. Not the best one for insight. As one approaches the speed of light all path lengths shrink relativistically. The photon is at (or near) lightspeed. Let this be the photon frame. At lightspeed,
all points of equal phase appear, in the photon frame, at the same point in space-time. This means that for a particular phase psi, the emitter, absorber and all intermediate points are simply at the same space-time point. Anything any other observer may think
about intermediate stuff is simply their problem (and this problem is widely manifest in the popular literature). This transformation encompasses all points of equal phase, whatever their path might be in any other frame - all contribute equally to the amplitude.
Fir any given phase all (Feynmann) paths are at the same point. Just add them linearly. This gives the right answer</font><br>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:blue"><span style="color:windowtext" lang="EN-US">if so, how does its nature change?
</span><span lang="EN-US">. Half a photon is a different photon.</span></li></ul>
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<div>I agree. However, does the 2 parts have the same properties as the original? Are there photons with different properties (beyond polarization etc.).
<font color="008000">Yes. <font color="008000">however there may exist other photons, em<font color="008000">itted from afraction QHE system for example, with fractional quantisation.
<font color="008000">"Split" photons however, f<font color="008000">rom the same source, have the same properties - simply because they are the same photon.</font></font></font></font></font><br>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span class=""><span lang="EN-US">can you 'rectify' a photon?
</span></span>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:blue"><span lang="EN-US">Not directly -yet– you need to create a particle pair</span></li></ul>
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<div>This statement is critical and yet seems to be ignored in most of these discussions.<br>
<font color="008000"><br>
Too true. This is the central part of the problem!</font> <font color="008000">Dont worry- we are going to fix it.</font><br>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:blue"><span style="color:windowtext" lang="EN-US">if so, how do you do it?
</span><span lang="EN-US">not easily – you would need to get it to low enough energy to get inside it. We have neither the fast enough technology to do this nor the (extremely robust) materials required. You need (at least) a neutron star density to start thinking
about doing this</span></li></ul>
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<div>In my opinion, rectification only requires a non-linear element. A nuclear near-field provides field gradients of the same magnitude as the neutron star.<br>
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<font color="008000">You are right for pair creation. I was thinking, however, of electron-proton creation. Manifestly one needs to have such a process if you just look about you. No antimatter!</font><br>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:blue"><span style="color:windowtext" lang="EN-US">if so, how does its nature change?
</span><span lang="EN-US">Its an electron –proton pair (of course! – Look around you!)</span></li></ul>
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<div>Are you proposing that the proton is the paired element with an electron formed by a 1.1 MeV photon? Or was that a 'typo'?<br>
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<font color="008000">No typo!</font><br>
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<li class="MsoNormal"></li><li class="MsoNormal"><span class=""><span lang="EN-US">If you can split or rectify a photon so that all + charge is in one part and all - charge in the other:
</span></span>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">are the parts still photons? <span style="color:blue">
No</span></span></li></ul>
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<div>Does this mean that you do not consider an electron to be a bound photon, but an entirely new creature?
<br>
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<font color="008000">Yes. Electron and photon are both aspects of a deeper underlying theory. However it is precisely the nature of the binding that is crucial in relating the photon nature to the electron nature.</font><br>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">are they stable over time and space as the the neutral photon is?
<span style="color:blue">Yes, manifestly.</span></span></li></ul>
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<div>Agreed <br>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:blue"><span style="color:windowtext" lang="EN-US">If so, under what conditions? (or are they unconditionally stable for some condition</span><span lang="EN-US">?) Under condition that they cannot decay to a lighter configuration
with the same topology.</span></li></ul>
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<div>Agreed <br>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">if the condition fails, what happens to the charged photon?
<span style="color:blue">Mu</span></span></li></ul>
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<div>?? Mu = permeability or meson? <br>
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<font color="008000">No. Mu = third logical state. Yes, no, mu. <font color="008000">
M</font>u = "unask the question". </font><br>
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<div>This kind of exchange begins to focus ideas and perceptions.<br>
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<div>Thank you,<br>
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<font color="008000">My pleasure!</font><br>
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<div>Andrew<br>
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<font color="008000">John.</font><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">I guess that I have assumed general relativity is required for photon stability from the beginning. Distortion of space is required to change the local refractive index for solitonic
self-focusing of the photon to give a photon its stability. I would say that a charged photon is only stable in an electron or positron. They can appear to be independent (e.g. when the wormhole breaks, becomes delocalized), but spin momentum (as a vortex?)
is conserved and it can reform (as a wormhole) or achieve stability (in a less-concentrated form) in a net-neutral environment.</span></font></p>
<font size="1"></font></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">Does a particular condition exist similar to that of a neutron. In free space it is not sta</span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="1"><span lang="EN-US">I would never consider a photon to be charged, unless it is constrained as a lepton.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="1"><span style="color:blue" lang="EN-US">Agreed</span></font></p>
<span class=""><font size="1"></font>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="1">This includes my extension of leptons as the building blocks of all real matter (perhaps including quarks). They might have short term existence and, if a source can be found/made
and if they are actively sought, then they might be found. I do not know of any hints that would support their existence. However, this is the same problem with cold fusion or populated deep Dirac levels. They could be produced all of the time and we would
never know.</font></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">Andrew</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<font size="1"></font></span><span class=""><font color="#888888">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="color:blue" lang="EN-US">- John Williamson.</span></p>
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