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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">Gentlefolk,<br>
<br>
Firstly, apologies for being a bit quiet. I have very little time. I now have about four times as much marking as I used to and more than I can likely cope with before deadlines next month.I had 300 plus exam scripts at the end of April. Have not finished processing
these yet. Had over a hundred more last week and will get another hundred or so on Monday. The last is the worst .... vector calculus. Thirty pages of maths. It can take nearly an hour for a script! Five hundred scripts. Three thousand exam pages, five thousand
lab-book pages, a thousand plus pages of Masters and batchelors theses. A task of biblical proportions. Plus was just ill for four days with a vomiting sickness. I feel rather weak!</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
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Anyway I have to say something ...</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">What you describe, Richard, is within the framework of elementary quantum quantum mechanics ( a fine framework), and corresponds to a fraction of the
second lecture of my old course on the quantum mechanics of the solid state.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>It is mostly correct but not quite when you say …</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">"The charged photon appears to be spread out but when detected it is more localized"</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
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</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">This depends by what you mean by detected. If you mean “thrown out of the atom completely” .. then yes. Otherwise no – not at all.</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">I obviously do not have time to cover elementary QM in an email so let me stick to experiment- which will anyway rapidly go beyond ordinary QM.</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"><br>
One can “detect” the electron and its envelope directly within an atom or a crystal. There is a whole field in which this has been done for decades (and in which I have dozens of publications and thousands of citations).</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">The mystery is not WHETHER it does this, but HOW it does this. How does the electromagnetic object that is the electron (or the proton for that matter)
work internally. </span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">For this one needs a proper theory. Quantum mechanics does not do this. It kind of is ok in simple atoms, in that the charge distribution for Hydrogen
is MEASURABLY perfectly spherically symmetric (eat this!). It is barely adequate for single electron systems. It does not touch the fractional regime. QED neither.
</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">By theory I do not mean models which struggle to calculate one parameter or another (such as hbar/2), but a proper theory, with proper dynamical differential
equations describing the inner working of the mechanism by which the electron is able to expand so elastically and apparently without cost. This is the central mystery.</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">The electron continues to “blow up” as one goes from the Hydrogen atom to bigger atoms. From atoms to molecules. From molecules to solid state crystals.
In these it begins to show even fractional electron structure. This is the kind of thing that needs to be understood. Worse – it is not just the electron, but the proton neutron etc. .they all do this. It really is not just a point. The electro-proton (Hydrogen
atom) really is a perfectly spherically symmetric thing. It is not even “rotating”, as that would break the symmetry. Get it. Meditate on it. It is so. A proper theory must encompass this.</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">One has to understand what it is that is confining the light-energy. Martin and I tried several theories<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>over the past decade or so. One following on from a generalized Lorentz force density, following from Einstein and Waite. Another based on an electromagnetic Hamiltonian approach. Both are non-linear, both have non-vector as well as vector forces. Interesting
– but a field as yet in its infancy.</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">The only theory I know of which gives any kind of proper mechanism for the dramatic internal expansion of the electron in the hierarchy of elementary-
atomic is my new theory of electromagnetism, for which I have circulated the first preprint.
</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">The electron (and the proton) sinks into the electro-proton. It expands because pivot density is reduced, but maintains it inner topology, as does
the proton.</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">This probably does not make much sense without understanding the new theory (info there- but rather dense<a name="_GoBack"></a>), but that is partly
my fault because I havn’t circulated (or written!) all the papers yet.</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">You are right: the next step, after getting the solutions for the photon (wavefunction in paper) and for the electron (solution in other paper I am
preparing) is to try and do that for the Hydrogen atom. All this stuff on recapping elementary Relativity and QM is draining energy!</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">I wish I had time to do more on this, but just feel too old and tired and overworked to put any more effort into it at the moment than I already am.</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">Proper help would be anyone who can understand the new theory trying to get on with more solutions.</span></p>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">Regards, John.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"> </span></p>
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<hr tabindex="-1">
<div style="direction: ltr;" id="divRpF331573"><font face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2"><b>From:</b> General [general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] on behalf of Richard Gauthier [richgauthier@gmail.com]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, May 15, 2015 3:10 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Quantisation of classical electromagnetism<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>Martin and John D and all,
<div class=""> When an electron (charged photon) “falls" into a previously ionized atom, the total energy of the electron decreases as it becomes bound to the atom and gives off one or more photons as it drops from one atomic energy level to another, but
the charged photon’s (electron’s) average kinetic energy and momentum increase as it goes into the negative potential energy well of the atom. The charged photon’s (electron’s) average de Broglie wavelength decreases as its momentum and kinetic energy increase.
The charged photon (electron) gives off an uncharged photon each time it drops from one energy level of the atom to another, as described by QM. With each new lower total energy, increased average kinetic energy and decreased average de Broglie wavelength,
the charged photon creates a kind of resonance state (quantum wave eigenfunction) throughout the atom corresponding to its particular energy eigenvalue. The charged photon as it circulates is continually generating plane waves corresponding to its energy.
These plane waves from the charged photon generate the charged photon’s (electron’s) de Broglie wavelength and corresponding quantum wave functions along the helically circulating charged photon's longitudinal direction of motion. The probability density for
detecting the electron (charged photon) is given by Psi*Psi of its particular eigenfunction in the atom. The charged photon appears to be spread out but when detected it is more localized (the resonant eigenstate produced by its de Broglie wavelength is destroyed)
and the electron (charged photon) is back to being a non-resonant charged photon (electron), until it creates a new resonant state (new eigenfunction).</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
<div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On May 12, 2015, at 4:20 PM, Mark, Martin van der <<a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" class="" target="_blank">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</a>> wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div class="" style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:normal; orphans:auto; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:auto; word-spacing:0px">
Dear John D,</div>
<div class="" style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:normal; orphans:auto; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:auto; word-spacing:0px">
I completely agree with what you are saying, of course!</div>
<div class="" style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:normal; orphans:auto; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:auto; word-spacing:0px">
However i was only saying that, by experiment, the charge SEEMS to be distributed over the whole quantum state, ask John W the expert. So for the hydrogen atom in the ground state it is a sphere of one ångstrom diameter: the electron is delocalized.</div>
<div class="" style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:normal; orphans:auto; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:auto; word-spacing:0px">
I believe that the electron stays in its own box, just like you say with its compton wavelength, a box that fits in another box, the atomic orbital with its de Broglie wavelength. Indeed with corrections for binding energy that is lost in the process, as you
point out correctly.</div>
<div class="" style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:normal; orphans:auto; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:auto; word-spacing:0px">
Cheers, Martin<br class="">
<br class="">
Verstuurd vanaf mijn iPhone</div>
<div class="" style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:normal; orphans:auto; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:auto; word-spacing:0px">
<br class="">
Op 12 mei 2015 om 22:38 heeft John Duffield <<a href="mailto:johnduffield@btconnect.com" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">johnduffield@btconnect.com</a>> het volgende geschreven:<br class="">
<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="" style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:normal; orphans:auto; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:auto; word-spacing:0px">
<div class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="">
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Martin:</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">IMHO the electron in a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.antiprism.com/album/860_tori/index.html" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">spindle-sphere</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>S
orbital is only a little larger than a free electron. It exists as a 511keV standing wave when it’s a free electron. When it’s a standing wave in an<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital#Electron_properties" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">atomic
orbital</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>it’s a mere 13.6ev less energy. So its Compton wavelength has only increased a little. IMHO you should remember<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.tardyon.de/mirror/hooft/hooft.htm" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">the
photon in the box for this</a>. Try to imagine jiggling the box around just so, such that the photon wavelength increases a little because the box is effectively a little bit bigger. Or imagine the electron around your waist, and you’re playing hula-hoop.
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)"><image001.jpg></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> </span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Regards</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">John D</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div>
<div class="">
<div class="" style="border-style:solid none none; border-top-color:rgb(225,225,225); border-top-width:1pt; padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<b class=""><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<b class="">On
Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Mark, Martin van der<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>12 May 2015 08:32<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Quantisation of classical electromagnetism</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
</div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Hi Richard,</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">You raise an important question. I cannot answer it yet, as I will try to explain.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">The structure of an electron inside an atom or in the conduction band of a metal or semi-conductor is different from that of the free electron. It manages
to behave as it were much larger than the free electron, it can be measured that the charge is distributed over the whole atom or even the whole conductor.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Does the electron really “disintegrate”? I do not believe so. But believing is quite different from knowing. What would have to happen is that the environment
makes up for the binding forces inside the electron. I think those forces are far too weak. Moreover, the speed of light would come in the way to keep coherence over larger distances than the size of the free electron (at the Compton wavelength scale)…</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">A proper theory must solve this. For the moment I think that the electron hardly changes its structure inside an atom or conductor and that only the external
fiels have just the de Broglie wavelength that fits their imposed quantum state, as in the pilot wave picture.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Cheers, Martin</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="DE">Dr. Martin B. van der Mark</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">Principal Scientist, Minimally Invasive Healthcare</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">Philips Research Europe - Eindhoven</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">High Tech Campus, Building 34 (WB2.025)</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">Prof. Holstlaan 4</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">Tel: +31 40 2747548</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<b class=""><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On
Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Richard Gauthier<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>dinsdag 12 mei 2015 8:23<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Quantisation of classical electromagnetism</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US">Andrew and Martin,</span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US"> I think it would be a good challenge for anyone with a single-looped or double-looped photon model of an electron to model their electron in the 1s atomic state of hydrogen (where n=1, l=0, ml=0 and ms = + or - 1/2 hbar) where
the electron has zero hbar atomic angular momentum even though it has internal electron spin 1/2 hbar. I model the electron here as oscillating back and forth linearly through the center of the atom as a charged photon with a helical trajectory of variable
pitch and radius, with a total energy of E=mc^2 -13.6 eV and a maximum kinetic energy when the helically circulating charged photon passes the nucleus, generating a variable de Broglie wavelength along its trajectory (because its longitudinal momentum is changing
as it oscillates in the atom) and making one complete de Broglie path per oscillation. The most probable position of the charged photon (the electron) to be detected is at 1 Bohr radius ao (as predicted by QM for the hydrogen atom) because the charged photon
obeys the Schrodinger equation (in the non-relativistic approximation). If the 1s electron (charged photon) absorbs an uncharged photon of energy 13.6 eV, the hydrogen atom is ionized with the charged photon now having energy E=mc^2 .</span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US"> Richard</span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US">On May 11, 2015, at 1:30 PM, Mark, Martin van der <<a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</a>> wrote:</span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Dear Andrew, I have been away for a few days.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">In your previous replies you tried to challenge me to be precise, and have questioned the correctness of my statements. That is very good.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">But unfortunately you have put me in a position where I, in turn, have to correct you on all the things you say that are half baked or wrong. It is difficult
to remain very polite since most of your brown replies, need “attention”. So brace, but remember that I only put in the effort because I respect you and because I think that your opinion matters.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">I hope no one is color blind, yet another color will be used: purple! (just in case some haze troubles the mind…)</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">So: purple (Martin) responds to<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(152,72,7)" lang="EN-US">brown
(Andrew) responds to<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(79,98,40)" lang="EN-US">green (Martin) responds to<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:red" lang="EN-US">red
(Andrew)</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="DE">Dr. Martin B. van der Mark</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">Principal Scientist, Minimally Invasive Healthcare</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
</div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">Philips Research Europe - Eindhoven</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">High Tech Campus, Building 34 (WB2.025)</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">Prof. Holstlaan 4</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">Tel: +31 40 2747548</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<b class=""><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">General
[<a href="mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>]<b class="">On
Behalf Of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Andrew Meulenberg<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>donderdag 7 mei 2015 7:40<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Quantisation of classical electromagnetism</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
</div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" lang="EN-US">Dear Martin,</span></p>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US">It is great communicating with someone who has also thought about the issue. My comments are sometimes too cryptic because I assume that you would have come to the same conclusions. Let me try (in brown) to identify some of the differences
below.</span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US">On Thu, May 7, 2015 at 3:50 AM, Mark, Martin van der <<a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</span></a>>
wrote:</span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">Andrew, thanks, please see below, in green</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="NL"> </span><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="DE">Dr. Martin B. van der Mark</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="EN-US">Principal Scientist, Minimally Invasive Healthcare</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<b class=""><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<b class=""><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">General
[mailto:<a href="mailto:general-bounces%2Bmartin.van.der.mark" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark</span></a>=<a href="mailto:philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>]<b class="">On
Behalf Of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Andrew Meulenberg<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>woensdag 6 mei 2015 19:46<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Quantisation of classical electromagnetism</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"> <span class="" style="color:red">Dear John W, Martin, et al.,</span></span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">I don't think that a week together in San Diego would be enough to transfer the information that we all need to share. And, I will probably miss even that. I am already learning so much and have so much to contribute
that I feel frustrated that I have to divide my time.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">Just this morning (my time), I changed my idea of the electron radius. After seeing it expressed many times by various members of this group as 1/2 the Compton radius (and considering that to be wrong), it finally
hit me, when reading it again, that, even within my own model,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u class="">I<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></u>had been wrong and this smaller radius is probably correct.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt; color:red" lang="EN-US">some comments below:</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt" lang="EN-US"> On Wed, May 6, 2015 at 3:28 PM, Mark, Martin van der <</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</span></a></span><span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt" lang="EN-US">>
wrote:</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Andrew, John, all</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> John W is quite right as well, just a small remark on the hydrogen atom.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">By the virial theorem, for a 1/r potential, potential energy is minus two times the kinetic energy and kinetic energy is equal to the binding energy (13.6 eV in the ground
state).</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">For the structure of the atom there are three conditions, one of electromagnetic, and two of inertial nature.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">1) The coulomb potential runs to minus infinity, that is very deep. It comes from the charge of proton and electron.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">2) Then the centrifugal force (depends on mass of proton and electron) must balance the Coulomb force, this could have been in a continuum of orbits if the electron and
proton were just particles (without a wave nature) (see gravitation and solar system for an exact analogy),</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">3) The mass of proton and electron set the scale of the de Broglie wavelength (which, incidentally, is exactly the same for proton and electron in the bound state), and
hence the bound state has a finite size, 0.1 nm diameter for the ground state. The particle’s waves must interfere constructively within the boundary conditions: quantized energy levels appear.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Cheers, Martin</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US"> <span class="" style="color:red">I also have three basic conditions:</span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">The QM description of the mechanical resonance of a body confined in a potential well. The reason for this resonance is not the interference with the nucleus (which does not appear in the fundamental equations).
There is a simple physical and mathematical basis that is taught in 1st year calculus.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">
<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">The classical description of the orbiting electron creates an EM field that is evolving into a photon as the electron decays to a deeper level. The resonance between the electron and emitted-photon frequencies,
along with the virial theorem and conservation of energy and ang. mom., determine the allowed energy levels. The fact that these levels agree with the mechanical levels gives a double resonance.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></li></ul>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">I do not really understand what you mean by the double resonance.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">The levels identified with the classical description agree with those of the mechanical (QM)
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">To be precise: the mechanical part equals the mechanical part. No information in that at all, it is not a coincidence it is an incidence.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">the ground state is established by the requirement of a photon to have an angular momentum of hbar.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></li></ul>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">Why is this fundamental? It depends on the system you are looking at. Circular orbits are a confusing thing o look at too, if you want to look at angular
momentum. The real hydrogen atom has NO angular momentum (spin=0) in the ground state, contrary to the Bohr model of it!!!!! </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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</span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">[Exactly, therefore it cannot radiate a photon except to a system w ang. mom. = hbar. No levels below gnd state have that value.]</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"><br class="">
<span class="" style="color:rgb(112,48,160)">Wrong answer to the given question. The ground state has IN THE FIRST PLACE nothing to do with the emitted energy part, but with what remains. What remains must be a mode of the system, a quantum state they call
this in quantum mechanics. It means that a single wavelength, 3D resonance must be maintained. For the hydrogen atom (or for that matter any spherical system) must have simultaneous solutions for r, theta and phi, such that at least one has a single wave in
it. It appears to be the radial solution, a breather (not the Bohr type phi solution with one wavelength on the circumference).</span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">To get from a higher state into this state the right combination of energy, momentum and angular momentum must be emitted, hence the selection rules as
the are, and that is what your answer is about.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">The groundstate of the atom is the groundstate because it is the lowest energy state, with just the fundamental tone (one wavelength) fitting to the boundary
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">There is no reason<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u class="">given</u><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>that the wavelength cannot fit 2 cycles rather than one. Is it more difficult
than having n wavelengths in a single cycle? (ref Lissajou figures)</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="" lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">This is the basis of Mill's hydrino states. The
limiting factor is the photon.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">See previous answer and understand that the reason is implicitly given there already. A mode of a resonator or waveguide, a quantum state, these ar the
same sort of things. They have Q or quality factor that tells you how broad or narrow the resonance is and how long it lives. For a very long live time such as the ground state hydrogen atom, the Q is very very high, and the level is very precisely defined.
The wave must therefore fit very very very very precisely on the mode. Not a factor of two difference, no, minus dozens of orders of magnitude precise!</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">The one wavelength holds for the complete atom, electron and proton: the electron is light and moving fast, the proton id heavy and slow, but both have
the same momentum! Hence they have the same de Broglie wavelength…</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">The solution assuming an infinite mass nucleus (hence no deBroglie wavelength & no resonance) still produces discrete levels. Therefore that issue cannot be causal.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Bullshit, sorry, but here you should really know better since:</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">1)</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">I
have told you already you are referring to the BORN APPROXIMATION</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">2)</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">It
is in every basic textbook, second year physics</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">3)</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">The
so-called reduced mass gives a slightly different set of levels, the correct levels. Remember the Rydbergconstant? And its slightly different numbers?</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Just do your homework, and go to Wikipedia, that will be good enough.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Here another remark regarding your earlier question, whether I was talking physics or mathematics. (see next question below)</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Here you see I get the physics right because I think physics. Then I get the numbers right because I understand the approximations, the calculus and the
details. That can only be if you know how to the mathematics right.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Sorry I just hate mediocrity.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">Looking at your conditions produced other thoughts.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">The statement that "the coulomb potential runs to minus infinity" is a mathematician, not a physicist talking.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></li></ol>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">True. The Coulomb potential is a mathematical concept that models reality quite perfectly. Mathematics is the language of physics. Further, the electron
has an almost 1/r dependent potential still at TeV collision energies, this is why people say it has point-like behavior.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">And, it will be considered valid until experimental evidence show otherwise. Then, 60 years of mathematical 'proofs' will immediately disappear. Do you know of any nuclear physicist who would consider
the nuclear Coulomb potential to be a singularity? Even before the quark model became popular? What is reality, a singular potential that contains all of the energy in the universe, or a presently measured finite charge density of the proton and neutron? Feynman
jested that the whole universe consisted of a single electron oscillating back and forth in time. If it was singular and contained all of the energy in the universe, maybe Feynman's jest was correct.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">The Coulomb potential is BY DEFINITION a 1/r potential associated with a POINT CHARGE.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">It therefore runs, by definition, to minus infinity.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Real charges, like the proton or a charged party balloon, rubbed-up on a cat, have a cut-off at their respective charge radii of 0.87 fm and 10 cm: at
smaller size the potential may be or is quite constant. There is always a reason in the physics of things that will avoid infinities naturally.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">I know you want to make that point, and I fully agree. But please do not misuse the argument or definition of things.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">Further your remark is irrelevant because the binding energy of the ground state of hydrogen (or any atom) is alpha^2 times smaller than the electron’s
classical radius (which incidentally is close to the charge radius of the proton)</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">Do you consider the proton charge radius to be its field-energy density or the major extent of its<b class="">Coulomb potential</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(e.g., the electron Compton
radius)?</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="" lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">We haven't defined charge yet have we? [Am I being the mathematician now for insisting on a valid definition?]</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">It is the proton’s START of the Coulomb potential! Look it Up in a book on high energy physics if you really want to know exactly what they mean by it.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">The potential energy PE must come from the energies, as expressed by the mass and charge, of proton and electron. Since the largest energy is the mass, the PE is limited to a GeV. Therefore, the electrical potential
cannot exceed this value.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">Yes it can exceed its RESTmass , and will be precisely gamma m0, see above, not exceeding its relativistic mass, of course.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">In some frame of reference, the relativistic mass is infinite. However, the charge field changes in that frame also. In the rest frame, PE is finite and 1/r must be limited.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">This, like relativity, makes a big difference in some fields of physics.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">The source of the wave nature of the electron is never defined in QM. Is it the 'hidden variable"?</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></li></ol>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">No it is not, but almost, what the real structure is, well we have our ideas,,,, The hidden variable has to do with phase coherence in the measurement
process. Will explain that over a glass of beer, it is worth a good set of papers.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">It can be defined classically, if spin is a real angular momentum, not just a Q#, and relativity is more than just a mind game.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">Quantum spin is angular momentum, but not that of a rigid body. For spin ½ you need something like a fluid that is circulating in 2 directions at the
same time, like a spinning, rotating , twisting torus. Think of a smoke ring with a twist and rotating like a wheel</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">More beer required here too</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">I think of the surface of a ball of yarn! Only photons can pass thru each other (or itself), thus the electron is more than a fluid. It is circulating in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b class=""><u class="">all</u></b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>directions.
Uniquely, it can have an infinity of angular momenta. That is why it can have spin 1/2 in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b class=""><u class="">any</u></b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>direction you wish to chose. That question puzzled
since college days; but, I was too 'young' to properly question the 'cant' being fed us. I don't think that the professors, bright as they were, could have understood my question, much less answered it. (What about a spin axis along the time direction?)</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Who are you trying to convince here? Surely not me. Look at the 1997 Williamson van der Mark paper and find all you try to say. Incidentally the word fluid refers to something
you apparently do not know: It is well known that electromagnetic fields behave like a so-called INVISCID FLUID.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Other fluids are useful too: more beer required ;-) I do agree that spin ½ is not easy, I know the problems and the salient details. It is one of the key things in physics
to understand!</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt; color:red" lang="EN-US">I do not believe that looking at the system in center-of-mass (momentum) coordinates introduces quantized levels in two dimensions. Can only adding 1 or 2 more dimensions produce the fixed levels?
Can you describe how such levels might occur? If you define a bell as quantized, then the levels can be quantized. However, they still can have a continuum of values unless the structure is fixed. I have to admit that this is like my condition 1 and both are
weak w/o a better reason for discrete values. The 'standing wave' concept is attractive, but misleading.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></li></ol>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">More below:</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<b class=""><span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">General
[mailto:<a href="mailto:general-bounces%2Bmartin.van.der.mark" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark</span></a>=<a href="mailto:philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On
Behalf Of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>John Williamson<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>woensdag 6 mei 2015 11:12</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<b class="">To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nick Bailey; Kyran Williamson; Michael Wright; Manohar .; Ariane Mandray<br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Quantisation of classical electromagnetism</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Hihi,<br class="">
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All quantised means is "countable".</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt; color:red" lang="EN-US">QM is certainly putting a lot more weight to the word than that. Pointing out resonances has a physical meaning that can be useful.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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Yes there are exceptions. Mostly exceptions! The quantised electron charge comes, for me, from an interaction rate. Hence the reason all charges in contact have the same value.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt; color:red" lang="EN-US">I would say that this looks at effect, not cause or definition.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Other quantum numbers may just be an intrinsic sign- such as the lepton number difference between the positron and the electron. Quantised states in atoms and quantum wells are
resonant states, indeed. In the FQHE these are bound quasi-particle-flux-quantum states. These are more musical ratios, than integer numbers. Quantised conductance, for example, is simply a rate-per-single-electron. The popular press and Wikipedia tends to
sweep all the unknowns into one big unknown. That thing which cannot be known - the great UNCERTAINTY! Assigning a quantum number to something is tantamount to putting all your lack of understanding into a single number. Too much of this kind of shit passes
as understanding!</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">Agreed!</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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</span><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">The ground state of the Hydrogen atom is that energy where potential= kinetic, and the de Broglie wavelength of the electron equals the de Broglie wavelength of the proton.
A single wavelength with periodic boundary conditions - for both! What a beautiful resonance! Simple, singing resonance - with no dissipation. Physics tries indeed to mystify this, but it is really a simple congruence. Engineers know better!</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">For a 1/r potential the virial thm states that KE = PE/2. You and Martin agree about the relationship between proton and electron as being important. Is this a claim of QM or something that you both simply agreed
on? The basic Schrodinger equation assumes an infinite proton mass.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">This has nothing to do with the Schroedinger equation but with the Born approximation, which is not necessary to make, the proton mass is finite, and it
can be taken into account by introducing the reduced mass: m_p x m_e/(m_p + m_e)</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">Oh and KE = -PE/2, PE is negative!!!</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">Introducing the reduced mass (and a nuclear deBroglie wavelength for 'resonance') changes the values, but not the nature, of the discrete energy levels. The nucleus travels~2000 orbits before it completes
a single deBroglie wavelength. How come the electron is only allowed a maximum of a single cycle?</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">I have given you all the clues, now please do the work! The nucleus is slow and heavy, the electron light and fast, oscillating about their common centre
of mass with EXACTLY the same momentum and hence the same de Broglie wavelength.</span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">There is no nuclear wavelength, yet the solution has discrete levels. You are correct about a resonance between two wavelengths (frequencies). But I think that they are between the electron and EM wave becoming
a photon.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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Indeed the Coulomb potential goes way down (as you argue so beautifully in your paper). Shorter lengths, however, are less than one wavelength and hence, though they could be resonant, actually at a higher energy, through interference. The one wavelength state
is the ground state. For this state the Coulomb field, cancelled outside the Bohr radius corresponds exactly to the 13.6 eV binding energy of the Hydrogen atom. All very simple and very beautiful!</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:red" lang="EN-US">What prevents the 1/2 wavelength state from existing and being occupied? (Or for 1/n, with a single wavelength being completed in n orbits.)</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">If you do that, it simply interferes away, then that energy has to go somewhere, it cannot be destroyed, so it will be radiated. This is why atoms radiate while an electron
changes “orbit” : temporarily there is no fit, but energy must be conserved.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">Are you assuming that the electron is a wave and not localized? That its wave function, distributed around the atom and extended to 2 orbits per cycle, would cancel because of phase reversal? Then what
about 3 (or any odd integer) orbits?</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">The electron is a wave and a particle at the same time, right?!</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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</span><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; color:red" lang="EN-US">More below:</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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Martin is, as usual, right in (pretty much) everything he says. Especially in that it is very important!<br class="">
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Regards, John W.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<b class=""><span class="" style="font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="" style="font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif" lang="EN-US">General
[general-bounces+john.williamson=<a href="mailto:glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>]
on behalf of Mark, Martin van der [<a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</span></a>]<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Wednesday, May 06, 2015 8:48 AM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nick Bailey; Kyran Williamson; Michael Wright; Manohar .; Ariane Mandray<br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Quantisation of classical electromagnetism</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Dear Andrew,</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">I have good answers to most of your questions, but have no time right now to write them down,<br class="">
we must come back to this, it is very important indeed.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7.5pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">In any case it comes down to the following:</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Symbol; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">·</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Quantization
comes from any wave equation with imposed boundary conditions.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:red" lang="EN-US">[if you can establish standing waves?]</span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">stationary
waves may do already</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Symbol; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">·</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Uncertainty
is no more than what the Fourier limit tells you.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:red" lang="EN-US">[agreed]</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Symbol; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">·</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Copenhagen
interpretation is Copenhagen mystification: although it is not very wrong at the simple level, it takes away any possibility for improvement by dogma.</span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:red" lang="EN-US">[agreed]</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Symbol; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">·</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Wave/particle
dualism is the consequence of special relativity, see Louis de Broglie.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:red" lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:red" lang="EN-US">[do
you have a particular reference? I have not seen this statement before.]</span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(119,147,60)" lang="EN-US">Thesis
of Louis de Broglie, more beer would also help. Niels Bohr and his gang were successful enough to make people forget about this or so, it is a mystery why it has not become common knowledge among physicists.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">I think that I had heard that before, but not really registered on it. I had thought of relativity as applied to the deBroglie wavelength rather than being fundamental to it. I'm finding that my youthful
disinterest in the history of physics is extracting a penalty now.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">It is not your fault, it is mentioned rarely. But since I have, now you know.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">I don't have his Thesis handy; but, in his "Theory of Quanta," he does provide support for your earlier statement about resonance between the nucleus and electron.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">"This is exactly BOHR’s formula that he deduced from the theorem mentioned above<br class="">
and which again can be regarded as a phase wave resonance condition for an electron in</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">orbit about a proton."</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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<span class="" style="color:rgb(180,95,6)" lang="EN-US">If this is also considered resonance, rather than just strict mechanics, then the energy levels have 3 resonances in coincidence.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" lang="EN-US">Andrew</span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-family:Cambria,serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Dear Andrew I hope to have cleared up a few things, surely we should talk about them some more,</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-family:Cambria,serif; color:rgb(112,48,160)" lang="EN-US">Very best regards, Martin</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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