<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px"><div><span>John</span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_18396"><span><br></span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479">I was thinking of how to detect a length-contracted photon. </div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr">The doppler effect would initially suggest a contracted photon except this is due to the relative velocity with an observer. While the frequency changes over time, the photon travels at a constant velocity.</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr">So the frame of reference is important.</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr">If the observer moves to the photon velocity, we can eliminate the doppler effect. However, this assumes a parallel path. </div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr">Now the parallel path does not work very well when geodesics are involved on rotating frame or across a curved surface such as spacetime. One way to think of this is that when a photon curves, or better yet, goes off geodesic, the observer may perceive a contraction when in fact there is not. Two or three observers may be required to properly characterize what is going on with the photon. </div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr">If a photon enters a bubble where the permittivity or permeability is different than the observer, contraction or even expansion may occur. </div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr">Finally, I still need to think about squeezed states which include amplitude, phase, polarization and vacuum. Give the squeezed state operator, there may be conditions where the photon is length-contracted under boundary conditions which then violates the free photon assumption.</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr">One other note. The photon may be a closed loop, not a string-like wavelet. More than one photon model suggests a superluminal return path. Such a photon is an extreme topological description of a moving ring toroid which is a thin wall cylinder.</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr">Best</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr">David</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_16479" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_15777"><br></div><br> <blockquote style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 5px; padding-left: 5px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_15208"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_15207"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_15206"> <div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_15205"> <hr size="1"> <font size="2" face="Arial" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_15776"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> John Duffield <johnduffield@btconnect.com><br> <b id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_27963"><span style="font-weight: bold;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_27962">To:</span></b> 'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion' <general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Friday, May 22, 2015 12:06 AM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [General] Electron Torus<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_15248"><br><div id="yiv7960361962"><style>#yiv7960361962 #yiv7960361962 --
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#yiv7960361962 </style><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_15247"><div class="yiv7960361962WordSection1" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_15246"><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">David:</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1432277005025_15245"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Why don’t photons get length contracted? Because they’re just waves in space moving at the speed of waves in space. A ripple in a rubber mat doesn’t get length contracted, nor do waves in space. Then when you make those waves go round and round, they still don’t get length-contracted. Then when you move past them fast, they still don’t get length contracted. You might say the path of those waves is different, but it isn’t, they didn’t change, you did. And if you boil yourself down to a single electron, and boil that down to a ring, then draw circles and helixes, I think it gets to the bottom of things. </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Chip:</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Yes, I’m certain relative velocity is a determining factor. But note that “we” are made of electrons and things, so IMHO it’s best to start with two particles, such as the electron and the positron. If you set them down with no initial relative motion they move linearly together, and we talk of electric force. </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"><img id="yiv7960361962_x0000_i1029" width="634" height="229" src="cid:OYiWTk2yw5q5LZZjvhAY" data-id="fa8ffca8-e37d-c4a0-6947-8ce85209937d"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">However if you threw the postiron over the top of the electron they’d move together and go around one another, whereupon we talk of magnetic force. Note that this is relative velocity, not relativistic velocity. I’ve seen people <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/65335/how-do-moving-charges-produce-magnetic-fields">explain the magnetic field around the current-in-the-wire using length contraction</a>, but IMHO that’s a fairy tale, and I prefer a <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/184055/atomic-explanation-of-magnetic-field/184079?noredirect=1#comment388570_184079">“screw” answer</a>. </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Regards</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">John D</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="qtdSeparateBR"><br><br></div><div class="yiv7960361962yqt9778911314" id="yiv7960361962yqt47965"><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> General [mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Chip Akins<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> 21 May 2015 21:39<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> 'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion'<br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electron Torus</span></div></div></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"> </div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Hi John D</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Regarding…</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Sorry, I don’t think that can be right because you could go past an electron at .9988c.</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Yes, I am coming to think that maybe the spiral fields caused by limited field propagation velocity, might play a larger role than I had first considered.</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">I think Martin was onto this aspect already.</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Wondering if relative velocity is a factor in determining what portion of the spiral field we detect or interact with? And if so, how that might work.</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><img id="yiv7960361962_x0000_i1025" border="0" width="280" height="322" src="cid:Qnt2eALAtrOtgbVjGynO" data-id="a74ecb98-6384-7026-a62d-4cd2c3f44d2a"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">The earlier electron model graphics are created from the math that Richard developed for his spin ½ electron.</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Chip</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> General [<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>John Duffield<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 21, 2015 3:15 PM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> 'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion'<br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electron Torus</span></div></div></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Chip:</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Sorry, I don’t think that can be right because you could go past an electron at .9988c.</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Andrew:</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Photons don’t get length contracted, and electrons are made out of photons in pair production. If you simplify the electron to a photon going round in a circle, then take one point on the circumference, you would say it describes a circular path. But when you move past the electron fast, you would say that point was describing a helical path. Then when you consider all points of the circumference, you might say the electron was a cylinder rather than a circle. And if you <i>were</i> that electron, everything to you would look length-contracted, because you’re smeared out. If I was a motionless electron you’d say I was length contracted. But I might say <i>I </i>was the one moving, and that <i>you’re</i> length-contracted. </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Regards</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">John</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> General [<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Chip Akins<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> 21 May 2015 17:52<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> 'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion'<br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electron Torus</span></div></div></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"> </div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Hi Andrew</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Images from the electron’s reference frame.</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">For Richard’s model using the spin 1 photon, and drawing in the electron’s reference frame, his math produces the following image for a set of nested electron models with velocities up to 0.9988c.</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><img id="yiv7960361962_x0000_i1026" border="0" width="793" height="652" src="cid:DaOQ0YkOLlWQM5JAndwe" alt="cid:image003.png@01D093BB.88E60DD0" data-id="f551b2b0-146e-9c2d-c35e-c2c59d0a4149"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">The small grey sphere in the center is the electron model for 0.9988c. </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">So in this model the electron shrinks in all directions, but remains principally spherical when viewed from the electron’s reference frame.</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Chip</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> General [<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Andrew Meulenberg<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 21, 2015 11:15 AM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion; Andrew Meulenberg<br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electron Torus</span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Dear Chip,</span></div></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US">I learn something new every time. However, it may not be true.</span></div></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US">If I interpret your images properly, the fastest electrons are the longest. However, relativistic shortening should shrink the length. I had expected the electron to 'pancake' in the direction of motion. You show the opposite. Is the pancake only in the electron's frame and the appearance from our frame is one of an extended structure? If both, do they cancel and, in reality, it is still spherical?</span></div></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Andrew</span></div></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962yqt9778911314" id="yiv7960361962yqt55139"><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">On Thu, May 21, 2015 at 7:36 PM, Chip Akins <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com">chipakins@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span></div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt;"><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Hi Richard</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">So it is a bit more difficult to visualize exactly what is going on from the graphics with velocity.</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">We increase the velocity is in steps from <b>zero through 0.9988c.</b></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">From the Z axis the illustration looks like:</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><img id="yiv7960361962Picture_x0020_1" border="0" width="418" height="427" src="cid:gMiwarZp5l51awAi8HNQ" alt="cid:image004.jpg@01D093BB.88E60DD0" data-id="6bdd7449-a803-acc1-3e45-1711eff9aae8"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Showing the reduced radius with velocity.</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">But when we look at the model slightly off axis (Z axis) we see this:</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><img id="yiv7960361962Picture_x0020_2" border="0" width="859" height="711" src="cid:UKwXu9UB4pakghrAKyEM" alt="cid:image005.jpg@01D093BB.88E60DD0" data-id="ebd4e5b8-6d8b-d843-38d2-651fa70bd36f"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">So this is a set of nested electron models with different velocities, each starting from the same point (upper right of the illustration). These are drawn from an external observers frame and are not shown in the electron’s reference frame. </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">In the electron’s reference frame we would see closure to the trajectory, but in this reference frame, the trajectory (since it is moving) is not closed.</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;">Chip</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> General [mailto:</span><span lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:general-bounces%2Bchipakins" target="_blank" href="mailto:general-bounces%2Bchipakins"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">general-bounces+chipakins</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">=</span><span lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Gauthier<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 21, 2015 6:29 AM</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><br clear="none"><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electron Torus</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chip,</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Please correct a couple of typos in my last email. The TEQ (transluminal energy quantum) moves on the surface of a torus, not a helix. Also the first helical radius mentioned should have been Ro sqrt(2) = 1.414 Ro , not Ro sqrt(2)/2 = 1.414 Ro since sort(2)/2 = 0.707 not 1.414 . Thanks.</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Richard</span></div></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;"><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">On May 20, 2015, at 6:42 PM, Richard Gauthier <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span></div></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chip,</span></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Nice graphics!</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Shouldn’t the electric field lines of an electron at some distance from the electron model be pointing inward linearly towards the electron from infinity on all sides, since the electron's electric field (due to its electric charge) falls off as 1/r^2 . I don’t understand why the electric field lines appear closed in your diagrams.</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> In my original resting electron model the TEQ was a circulating negative electric charge which circulated on the surface of a helix. I called the circulating TEQ a photon-like object since it was similar to my TEQ model of a photon. I was assuming at that time that the photon in my resting electron model had spin 1, even though I had adjusted the helical radius so that the circulating TEQ generated the magnetic moment of the electron of 1 Bohr magneton, requiring a helical radius for the TEQ of Ro sqrt(2)/2 = 1.414 Ro which created the spindle torus in my model . So this was actually neither a spin 1 photon (whose radius for a resting electron would have been 2Ro, or a spin 1/2 photon, whose radius for a resting electron would be Ro, as in the 3D models that you and I generated from the moving electron equations I proposed. Since I currently prefer the model of an electron composed of a spin 1/2 circulating photon, this doesn’t generate the electron’s magnetic moment of 1 Bohr magneton. But it generates a magnetic moment more than 1/2 Bohr magneton which would be produced by a charge circulating at light speed in a simple double loop of radius Ro. I haven’t done the calculation for the magnetic moment generated by my spin 1/2 photon model of the electron, but I suspect that it would be 0.707 Bohr magneton (just a guess at this point). The calculation of this magnetic moment from the TEQ trajectory equations for a charged TEQ in the spin 1/2 photon model is relatively straightforward though.</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> By the way, have you looked at the side view of the actual TEQ trajectory at various values of v/c of the electron in the spin 1/2 photon moving-electron model that I proposed (and that you programmed and graphed in 3D to show how the model size changes as 1/gamma at various values of v/c)? The side view of the TEQ trajectory for a moving electron contains some surprises, at least for me. I thought that at high values of v/c (say 0.99 or 0.999) the TEQ would just appear from the side view to rotate helically around its reducing and increasingly more linear helical trajectory (whose trajectory reduces as 1/(gamma^2), with the TEQ’s helical radius reducing as 1/gamma. But that’s apparently not what happens. Could you check this with your 3D program? </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Richard</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;"><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">On May 19, 2015, at 8:45 AM, Chip Akins <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com">chipakins@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span></div></div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Hi Richard</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">If your spin 1 photon model of the electron is similar to John W and Martin’s model in that the field lines always orient with the negative end outwards (providing for charge) the estimated field distribution is similar to this illustration. (Equatorial View)</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image001.jpg></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">(Top View from Z axis)</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image002.jpg></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">(45 degree elevation view)</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image004.jpg></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Red lines represent negative ends of field lines, Blue lines represent positive, black is the transport radius, faint green line is one circulation at the transport radius.</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Photon field amplitude is shown as a cosine function of wavelength/2.</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chip</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> General [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Gauthier<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, May 05, 2015 10:06 AM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electron Torus</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div></div></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chip,</span></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Perfect! It would also be good to have the pair of tori seen an an angle from above their ‘equator’ to get a more 3-D quality.</span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Richard</span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;"><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">On May 5, 2015, at 6:07 AM, Chip Akins <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com"><span style="color:purple;">chipakins@gmail.com</span></a>> wrote:</span></div></div></div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Hi Richard</span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">How do these look?</span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image003.png></span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image001.jpg></span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chip</span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> General [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Gauthier<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Monday, May 04, 2015 1:18 PM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electron Torus</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Hi Chip,</span></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> The radius of the circle in the horn torus (spin 1/2 photon model) should visually be (since it is actually) 1/2 of the radius of the circle in the spindle torus (spin 1 photon model) -- the spin 1/2 photon model is smaller than the spin 1 photon model. Thanks! And could you perhaps show the energy quantum trajectory in a different color that the torus background so the trajectory stands out better?</span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Richard</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">On Mon, May 4, 2015 at 10:42 AM, Chip Akins <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com"><span style="color:purple;">chipakins@gmail.com</span></a>> wrote:</span></div></div></div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt;"><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Hi Richard</span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image004.png></span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image005.png></span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chip</span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> General [mailto:</span><span lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:general-bounces%2Bchipakins" target="_blank" href="mailto:general-bounces%2Bchipakins"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">general-bounces+chipakins</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">=</span><span lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Gauthier<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Monday, May 04, 2015 12:19 PM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electron Torus</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Hi Chip,</span></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Thanks. And finally, the vertical ovals of the tori should be circles because the circulating quantum has the same radius in the vertical and horizontal directions.</span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Richard</span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;"><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">On May 4, 2015, at 9:32 AM, Chip Akins <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com"><span style="color:purple;">chipakins@gmail.com</span></a>> wrote:</span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Hi Richard</span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Thank you.</span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Here you go:</span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image001.png></span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image002.png></span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chip</span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> General [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Gauthier<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Monday, May 04, 2015 10:43 AM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electron Torus</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Hi Chip,</span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Both tori should be symmetrical above and below the z-axis and center on z=0.</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Richard</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div><div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;"><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">On May 4, 2015, at 8:16 AM, Chip Akins <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com"><span style="color:purple;">chipakins@gmail.com</span></a>> wrote:</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Hi Richard</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image001.jpg></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Viewed from the Z axis:</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image002.jpg></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">And from the equatorial plane:</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"><image003.jpg></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chip</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> General [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Gauthier<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, May 03, 2015 11:07 PM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] position</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chip and all,</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> Here are some equations that relate to the modeling of a circulating photon as an electron. The second and third set include my own model of the photon. The first set doesn’t require a particular model for the photon, except as mentioned below. The first model is the one that generates the de Broglie wavelength as explained in my article mentioned below.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US">1. Here is the set of parametric equations for the helical trajectory of double-looping photon that models a free electron, and whose circular radius for a resting electron is Ro=hbar/2mc. The speed of the photon along this trajectory is always c. The longitudinal or z-component of the photon’s speed is the electron’s velocity v along the z-axis. The frequency of the photon around the helical axis is proportional to the circulating photon/electron's energy E=gamma mc^2. The distance of the photon’s helical trajectory from the z-axis for an electron whose speed is v, is proportional to 1/gamma^2. This equation is in my article “The electron is a charged photon with the de Broglie wavelength”. This equation does not include a particular model of the photon, but assumes that the photon follows the relations c=f lambda, E=hf and p=h/lambda. Both helicities of the helical trajectory are given.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv7960361962MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;">_______________________________________________<br clear="none">If you no longer wish to receive communication from the Nature of Light and Particles General Discussion List at </span><span lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">richgauthier@gmail.com</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;"><br clear="none"><a href="</span><span lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://lists.natureoflightandparticles.org/options.cgi/general-natureoflightandparticles.org/richgauthier%40gmail.com?unsub=1&unsubconfirm=1"><span 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