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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-GB link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>John M:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Take care with constants. </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>In mechanics a shear wave travels at a velocity determined by the stiffness and density of the medium: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:108.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> v = ¡Ì(G/¦Ñ) <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:108.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>The G here is the <i>shear modulus of elasticity</i>, the ¦Ñ is the density. The equation says a shear wave travels faster if the material gets stiffer, and slower if the density increases. You can¡¯t directly apply the concept of density to space, but in electrodynamics the velocity equation is remarkably similar: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> c = ¡Ì(1/¦Å<sub>0</sub>¦Ì<sub>0</sub>) <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>People are taught that the speed of light is constant, but it simply isn¡¯t true. See the second paragraph <a href="http://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol7-trans/156?highlightText=%22speed%20of%20light%22">here</a>. If the speed of light was constant in the room you¡¯re in, optical clocks wouldn¡¯t go slower when they¡¯re lower, and your pencil wouldn¡¯t fall down. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>John D<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-GB'><img border=0 width=1366 height=768 id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image002.png@01D0A8D1.378E7AA0"></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US> General [mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>John Macken<br><b>Sent:</b> 17 June 2015 02:07<br><b>To:</b> 'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion'<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electrical Charge and Photons<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Hello John W. and All,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>In your response you said,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#C00000'>Just for the record, our toy model calculated big G in terms of 1/(4pi epsilon zero) ... thus eliminating (in principle) yet another natural constant altogether: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>This is very interesting since this implies an alternative to my charge conversion constant </span><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'>¦Ç</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'>¦Ç</span></i><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'>¡Ô</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> (<i>G<b>/</b></i>4¦Ð<i>¦Å<sub>o</sub>c</i><sup>4</sup>)<sup>1/2 </sup>= <i>L<sub>p </sub><b>/</b>q<sub>p</sub></i> ¡Ö 8.61 x 10<sup>-18 </sup>m<b><i>/</i></b>C<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(1/4¦Ð<i>¦Å<sub>o</sub></i>)(1/</span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><span class=MsoPlaceholderText><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif;color:windowtext'><m:r>¦Ç</m:r></span></i></span></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;position:relative;top:3.0pt;mso-text-raise:-3.0pt;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><img width=10 height=22 id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image003.png@01D0A8D1.393D6320"></span><![endif]><span class=MsoPlaceholderText><sup><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:windowtext'>2</span></sup></span><span class=MsoPlaceholderText><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:windowtext'>) = <i>c<sup>4</sup>/G</i></span></span><span class=MsoPlaceholderText><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span class=MsoPlaceholderText><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:windowtext'>G</span></i></span><span class=MsoPlaceholderText><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:windowtext'> = 4¦Ð<i>¦Å<sub>o</sub>c<sup>4</sup></i></span></span><span class=MsoPlaceholderText><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math",serif;color:windowtext'>¦Ç</span></i></span><span class=MsoPlaceholderText><i><sup><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:windowtext'>2</span></sup></i></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>I admit that I think that my charge conversion constant is perfect. Therefore, I would like to make a comparison to your derivation that eliminates the constant </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>1/4¦Ð¦Å<sub>o</sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>John M.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US> General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>John Williamson<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, June 16, 2015 4:47 PM<br><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br><b>Cc:</b> Manohar .; Nick Bailey; Ariane Mandray; Philipp Steinmann<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Electrical Charge and Photons<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'>Dear John M and everyone,<br><br>Indeed it is useful to think about the relationship between things. I also agree with John M that gravity and electromagnetism are different aspects of the same thing. As I have said before, Martin and I developed a toy theory of these a decade or two ago which gave the right numbers (with zero extra background mass/energy) but has not developed further than a a few pages in our "appendix" due to lack of time or energy due to the demands of our day jobs. <br><br>At the end of the day, replacing one universal constant with another, related one is zero net progress. In Martin and my 1997 paper we calculated the charge in terms of Planck's constant (or vice versa). This is one fundamental constant less. The basic idea was that the oscillating electric field of the photon became uni-directional due to the folding of the photon path into a double-loop.<br><br>The hope with the new theory, which incorporates the experimentally observed properties of the four-dimensions of space and time from the outset, is that one can use it to calculate BOTH from first principles. I have tried this within the framework of an emission/absorption model in the new classical field theory - and obtained an answer - but it is currently a couple orders of magnitude out. This is one of the areas I hope to get some help from with within the group - especially those with specialist knowledge of Atomic physics - which is where I think the answer lies. Martin and I are anyway onto this - and he is already brushing up on his understanding of Atomic physics (amongst one or two other things!) to help to try to get a handle on this.<br><br>Just for the record, our toy model calculated big G in terms of 1/(4pi epsilon zero) ... thus eliminating (in principle) yet another natural constant altogether: one of the essential assumptions in deriving this was precisely that there was zero net energy in the vacuum fluctuations. As is observed.<br><br>Regards, John W.<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center></span></div><div id=divRpF276175><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'> General [general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] on behalf of John Macken [john@macken.com]<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, June 16, 2015 11:56 PM<br><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles<br><b>Subject:</b> [General] Electrical Charge and Photons</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>Hello John W and Everyone, </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>In looking over one of the papers sent by John W. I was struck by the following sentences:</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#C00000'>This comes to one of the central, outstanding mysteries of physics. What is the underlying nature of quantized charge?</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>It has occurred to me that I can make a contribution to answering this question. Attached is several pages from chapter 9 of the revised version of my book. In this I propose a ¡°charge conversion constant¡± and show the implications of this towards explaining the properties of a photon. </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>I would appreciate hearing if anyone can find a single case where using the charge conversion constant gives an unreasonable answer. Also, the paper implies that the spacetime field is the new aether. Can you find any reasons why this is not correct?</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>John </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>