<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jun 29, 2015, at 12:20 PM, John Macken <<a href="mailto:john@macken.com" class="">john@macken.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue;" class="">Chandra and All,<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue;" class=""> </span></div><p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; line-height: 13.800000190734863px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px; color: blue;" class="">Chandra, you ask “What is Charge”. You also say, “</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class="">I can make one reasonable postulate that “charge” is an emergent property of the localized resonant oscillation of the vacuum (Complex Tension Field or CTF)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px; color: blue;" class="">”. I totally agree with this statement except that what you have been calling the CTF I have been calling the “spacetime field or STF”.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; line-height: 13.800000190734863px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px; color: blue;" class=""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; line-height: 13.800000190734863px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px; color: blue;" class="">I have been able to quantify the properties of this field including impedance, wave displacement amplitude, wave strain amplitude, interactive energy density, total energy density, bulk modulus, etc. Concerning charge, I have developed what I call the “charge conversion constant”: η = (G<b class="">/</b>4πε<sub class="">o</sub>c<sup class="">4</sup>)<sup class="">1/2<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>≈ 8.6x10<sup class="">-18</sup><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>meter/coulomb. This does not appear to have an oscillating component, but the complete explanation has both an oscillating component and a non-oscillating component. Here is an excerpt from chapter 10 of my book.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: justify; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class=""><span class="">1)<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class="">There are standing waves (associated with the electric field) remaining in the vacuum energy that surrounds the rotar. These standing waves are at the rotar’s Compton frequency<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">ω</i><sub class="">c</sub><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and have the oscillating amplitude<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">A<sub class="">e</sub> </i>= α<sup class="">1/2</sup><i class="">A<sub class="">β</sub>/</i></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px; font-family: 'Cambria Math', serif;" class="">𝒩</span><sup class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class="">2</span></sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class="">. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px; color: blue;" class=""><span class="">2)<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class="">It is proposed that there is a non-oscillating term associated with the electric field with amplitude<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">A</i></span><sub class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px; font-family: 'Cambria Math', serif;" class="">𝔼</span></sub><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class="">=</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; position: relative; top: 3pt;" class=""><span id="cid:image002.png@01D0B265.FD6DB1D0"><image002.png></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class=""> α<sup class="">1/2</sup><i class="">A<sub class="">β</sub>/</i></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px; font-family: 'Cambria Math', serif;" class="">𝒩</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;" class="">. This non-oscillating component is what we usually consider to be an electron’s electric field.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665267944336px; color: blue;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue;" class="">I will not define the terms used above because the objective is to merely state that the oscillating amplitude stated in (1) gives the correct energy density associated with the electric field of an electron. The strain amplitude stated in (2) gives the correct non-oscillating distortion of spacetime produced by an electron’s electric field. The distortion of the STF (CTF) produced by an electric and magnetic field has also been described and quantified. Experiments are suggested, but the distortion of spacetime produced by even 1,000,000 volts on a vacuum capacitor would still be too small to measurable with current technology. However, there is another way to test this model of charge. The implication is that there should be a voltage which produces 100% distortion of spacetime. It should not be possible to exceed that voltage. When this theoretical maximum voltage is calculated, it is Planck voltage and the implied energy in a cubic vacuum capacitor would create a black hole. Therefore, this is a correct prediction – no experiment required.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue;" class="">Some of this is explained in my “foundation” paper attached to about 5 of my previous posts. The revised version of my book gives the unabridged explanation. I am happy to send my partially revised book manuscript to anyone that is interested. It is about 90% complete.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue;" class="">John M.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="color: blue;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="color: blue;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="color: blue;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="color: blue;" class=""> </span></div><div class=""><div style="border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225); border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;" class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="">mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Roychoudhuri, Chandra<br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, June 29, 2015 10:50 AM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] charged photons<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><a href="http://www.amazon.com/This-Idea-Must-Die-Scientific/product-reviews/0062374346/ref=cm_cr_dp_qt_hist_five?ie=UTF8&filterBy=addFiveStar&showViewpoints=0" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">http://www.amazon.com/This-Idea-Must-Die-Scientific/product-reviews/0062374346/ref=cm_cr_dp_qt_hist_five?ie=UTF8&filterBy=addFiveStar&showViewpoints=0</a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="">Hello friends:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class=""><span class="">1.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><b class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="">Charge:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">What is charge?</i></span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Since I have never played Baseball; I have never learned how to through a proper “Curve ball”! But, here is one on electrical “Charge”!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="">It is an established assumption, supported by interpretations of diverse experiments, that an electrically neutral neutron is composed of a negatively “charged” electron and a positively “charged” proton. Then, I can make one reasonable postulate that “charge” is an emergent property of the localized resonant oscillation of the vacuum (Complex Tension Field or CTF). It is a unique secondary potential gradient symmetric around the particle; which is created due to the localized motion of the CTF. Thus, “charge”, as opposite gradients, can neutralize each other’s effect. In contrast, gravity potential gradient (“curvature”) around oscillating particle is always of “one sign”; and we do not experience “repulsive” gravity.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="">Here is the second “Curve ball”! If particles are some form of localized self-looped oscillations of the CTF; then CTF becomes the universal Inertial Reference Frame; which further raises the question about the need for Special Relativity!<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in;" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class=""><span class="">2.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span></b><b class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class=""> “This Idea Must Die”, a Book:</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I do recommend the book for reading, simply because of its timely value to our current stagnant mode of thinking in our society. I have posted a very short social commentary on the above web-post while giving an “excellent” review for the book, “This Idea Must Die: Scientific Theories That Are Blocking Progress” (Edge Question Series) Paperback – February 17, 2015.<b class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></b></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><a name="_MailEndCompose" class=""></a><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="">Sincerely,<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="">Chandra.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;" class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+chandra.roychoudhuri=uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">mailto:general-bounces+chandra.roychoudhuri=uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Richard Gauthier<br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, June 28, 2015 5:12 PM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] charged photons<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Hello Andrew,<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""> Thanks for pointing out this article, which I had not seen. This proposal of a photon with a charge and rest-mass is in the context of understanding protons and neutrons, but it could underly the electron also.<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""> Richard<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div class=""><blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;" class="" type="cite"><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">On Jun 28, 2015, at 12:25 PM, Andrew Meulenberg <<a href="mailto:mules333@gmail.com" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">mules333@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Richard,<o:p class=""></o:p></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Does this pertain to your thoughts?<o:p class=""></o:p></p><h1 style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 24pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">A unified field theory with varying charge and rest-mass</span><a href="http://link.springer.com/search?facet-creator=%22H.+C.+Corben%22" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> H. C. Corben</span></a><o:p class=""></o:p></h1><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><a href="http://link.springer.com/journal/11583" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">l Nuovo Cimento</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1 Marzo 1952, Volume 9,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://link.springer.com/journal/11583/9/3/page/1" id="issue-range" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">Issue 3</a>, pp 235-252<o:p class=""></o:p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02782585" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02782585</a><o:p class=""></o:p></p><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">"...<b class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>A photon may acquire a charge and rest-mass when extremely close to a charged particle</b>, and the possibility arises for the formation of systems of such charged photons with rest energies of order 100 MeV."<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Andrew<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">If you no longer wish to receive communication from the Nature of Light and Particles General Discussion List at<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">richgauthier@gmail.com</a><br class=""><a href="<a href="http://lists.natureoflightandparticles.org/options.cgi/general-natureoflightandparticles.org/richgauthier%40gmail.com?unsub=1&unsubconfirm=1" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">http://lists.natureoflightandparticles.org/options.cgi/general-natureoflightandparticles.org/richgauthier%40gmail.com?unsub=1&unsubconfirm=1</a>"><br class="">Click here to unsubscribe<br class=""></a><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">_______________________________________________</span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; 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