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<div style="direction: ltr;font-family: Tahoma;color: #000000;font-size: 10pt;">Dear Richard (and everyone),<br>

<br>

Can I add my thanks to those of Martin to Richard for picking up those important points. I too was taken in by the very plausible argument that the proton and electron de Broglie wavelengths were the same in the Hydrogen atom and had taken this on-board as

 a useful factoid. As the scales fall from eyes I see this is, indeed, nonsense. It yet does not make sense to see these two as different in the composite system, however, and this starts to throw some light in the central mystery as to why the de Broglie (and

 not the Compton for example) is primary in everything that one actually measures. It will take a while for the full implications of this to sink in for me - but that one insight was worth all of the (by now hundreds of!) pages of work I have put into the correspondence

 with this group - all by itself. Add to that significant insights from David, Andrew and John D (to name but a few) and this has become a very positive process for me.

<br>

<br>

I'm going to start posting installments of my second paper shortly and hope you will all rip nicely into that too. Time is running short, so I had better get on with it!<br>

<br>

Regards, John W.  <br>

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<div style="direction: ltr;" id="divRpF695774"><font face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2"><b>From:</b> General [general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] on behalf of John Williamson [John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk]<br>

<b>Sent:</b> Monday, July 06, 2015 7:16 AM<br>

<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br>

<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Physics in 100 years according to Wilczek<br>

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<div style="direction:ltr; font-family:Tahoma; color:#000000; font-size:10pt">Yes,<br>

<br>

Perfectly normal.<br>

<br>

This is one of the calculations I used to get my final year honours students to do, using ordinary non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Remember Stephen? This stuff is in any big book on quantum mechanics.<br>

<br>

If one modifies the size or depth of a forbidden region between two "allowed" regions (for example by tuning two quantum point contacts coupled through a single electron device, a quantum dot, then the tunneling rate is just that given by quantum mechanics.

 This is not hearsay for me. I have both done the experiment (thanks to Mr Philips buying many millions of pounds worth of kit for me)  and have done the maths.<br>

<br>

The wave-function must extend, mathematically, into the forbidden region in order for the wave-function (and its derivatives) to be continuous. This part of the solution is the so-called evanescent wave Andrew was talking about earlier. In experiment, this

 is exactly what it does.<br>

<br>

Regards, John W.<br>

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<div id="divRpF100713" style="direction:ltr"><font face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2"><b>From:</b> General [general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] on behalf of Richard Gauthier [richgauthier@gmail.com]<br>

<b>Sent:</b> Monday, July 06, 2015 3:18 AM<br>

<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br>

<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Physics in 100 years according to Wilczek<br>

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<div class="">Hi Martin, </div>

<div class="">   Thanks very much, and for the updated article.</div>

<div class="">A few months ago I was exploring where the electron in the hydrogen atom could be found classically if it had the ground state total energy -13.6 eV (in the ˉbreathing modeˇ for the n=1 ground state of the electron). As I remember, the electron

 could only get out classically to a radius of 2ao (2 Bohr radii) before its kinetic energy goes to zero  and all its energy is potential energy. But there is a non-zero quantum mechanical probability of finding the electron in the hydrogen atom beyond r=2ao.

 So this looks like the electron in the ground state of hydrogen is tunneling into its own forbidden potential energy energy region a significant portion of the time. Is that a commonly known result (if my calculation is correct?). Anyone?</div>

<div class="">     Richard</div>

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<div class="">On Jul 5, 2015, at 11:41 AM, Mark, Martin van der <<a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" class="" target="_blank">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</a>> wrote:</div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Dear Richard,</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">(Andrew you want to pay attention to this too!)</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Here is the continuation of my reply to your comments on my SPIE paper.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">I have changed the text regarding your point 2 and 4 and will also do this for point 3.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Your calculation below is correct. More important is, the reason why it is; how the quantization condition is put in.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">What was wrong in the paper is that not only the orbital frequencies of proton and electron were taken equal (correctly) but also the De Broglie frequencies. This leads

 to two quantization conditions that look very plausible, but it is wrong: both proton and electron De Broglie wavelengths fit on their own orbital around the center of mass.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">On closer examination I saw this appears to lead to trouble with the reduced mass and orbital angular momentum, things do not add up properly.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Right answer is:</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">The conclusion is that the reduced mass, proton and electron orbital frequency are (all three) identical, as are the respective De Broglie wavelengths. The total angular

 momentum is the sum of that of proton and electron and is, in the Bohr model, precisely hbar, as it should.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">This means, and that is somewhat puzzling if one imagines a circular orbit (instead of a radial breathing, which is going on in reality), that the De Broglie wavelengths

 of both proton and electron do NOT fit on their circular orbit, but DO fit on the distance between them divided by pi! Both electron and proton act in such a way that they forget about the world around them and only see the other particle going round them

 in a path of exactly the De Broglie wavelength.</span></div>

<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">

<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">De Kinetic energy of the proton is less than the electronˇs by their mass ratio.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Richard, well done, thank you very much indeed. I have put you in the acknowledgement of the paper, truly and totally deserved.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">I will sent a new copy of the paper with all the changes and suggestions by you and others. No change in the results, but much better quality!</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Very best regards, Martin</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="DE">Dr. Martin B. van der Mark</span><span class="" style="color:navy" lang="DE"></span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Principal Scientist, Minimally Invasive Healthcare</span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:navy"></span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Philips Research Europe - Eindhoven</span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:navy"></span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">High Tech Campus, Building 34 (WB2.025)</span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:navy"></span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">5656 AE  Eindhoven, The Netherlands</span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:navy"></span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Tel: +31 40 2747548</span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)"></span></div>

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<b class=""><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif">From:</span></b><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="" target="_blank">mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On

 Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Richard Gauthier<br class="">

<b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>vrijdag 3 juli 2015 19:21<br class="">

<b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class="">

<b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Physics in 100 years according to Wilczek</span></div>

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Hi Martin,</div>

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  Please scratch the previous derivation for KEp/KEe  which had typos, though the result is the same. Here it is again: (a) Mp Rp = Me Re    so    Rp/Re = Me/Mp    (b) KEe = 1/2 Me Re^2 Omega^2   and KEp = 1/2 Mp Rp^2 Omega^2   (c) KEp/KEe = (Mp Rp^2)/(Me Re^2)

   (d) KEp/KEe = (Mp/Me) (Rp/Re)^2   =   (Mp/Me)  (Me/Mp)^2   = Me/Mp = 1/1836   </div>

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    Richard</div>

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On Jul 3, 2015, at 9:53 AM, Richard Gauthier <<a href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div>

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<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">

Martin,  I meant Newtonˇt 3rd law.</div>

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    Richard</div>

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On Jul 3, 2015, at 9:52 AM, Richard Gauthier <<a href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div>

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Hi Martin,</div>

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   Thanks for your detailed reply to my comments. Looking forward to the next draft/final draft.</div>

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On point 3, Classical mechanics gives the proton in a hydrogen atom having Me/Mp = 1/1836 times the kinetic energy of the electron. This is derived from (a) Mp Rp = Me Re  from conservation of momentum or Newtonˇs second law, where Rp and Re are the distances

 of the proton and the electron from their common center of mass, and (b) KEe = 1/2 Me Re Omega^2   and KEp = 1/2 Mp Rp Omega^2  for the KE of the electron and the proton  respectively as they revolve around their common stationary CM,  where Omega is their

 common angular velocity around their CM. From (b) this gives KEp/KEe = (Mp Rp^2)/(Me Re^2). Substituting Rp = Re (Me/Mp) from (a) into (b)  gives KEp/KEe = Me/Mp = 1/1836 .</div>

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   Richard</div>

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On Jul 3, 2015, at 2:14 AM, Mark, Martin van der <<a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</a>> wrote:</div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Dear Richard,</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Thank you very much for looking at the paper so thoroughly. Good questions too!</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">See below for answers,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:red">in red</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Very best regards, martin</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="DE">Dr. Martin B. van der Mark</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Principal Scientist, Minimally Invasive Healthcare</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Philips Research Europe - Eindhoven</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">High Tech Campus, Building 34 (WB2.025)</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Prof. Holstlaan 4</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">5656 AE  Eindhoven, The Netherlands</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Tel: +31 40 2747548</span></div>

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<b class=""><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif">General

 [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On

 Behalf Of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Richard Gauthier<br class="">

<b class="">Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>vrijdag 3 juli 2015 1:12<br class="">

<b class="">To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class="">

<b class="">Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Physics in 100 years according to Wilczek</span></div>

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Hi Martin,</div>

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   Thanks for sending an advance draft of your first paper. I have a few comments:</div>

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1)<span class="" style="font-size:7pt">     <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Near the end of the paper (p.10), referring to quarks in the proton you say ¨<span class="" style="font-size:10pt">We have already concluded that they can only fit

 within the proton if moving very fast, and that may be true for their De Broglie wavelength and orbital motion, but what about their own size, their Compton wavelength size? Too light, hence too big, and the proton would have to be a hundred times larger than

 it is."</span>  But the radius of the quark would also decrease with its speed, probably as 1/gamma, just as the electron does as seen in high energy electron scattering experiments. If the quark's speed is 0.999c as you say, this gives a gamma of about 22.4.

 Quark masses in a proton are on average 3MeV each or 6 times the electron mass, so the Compton double-loop radius Rq of a resting quark, inversely proportional to the quarkˇs mass, would be 1/6 that of the electronˇs characteristic size Ro=1.9 x 10^-13m, i.e.

  Rq= (1.9 x 10^-13) / 6 or about 30 x 10^-15 m for a resting quark. And for a speeding quark, R= Rq/gamma = 1.3 x 10^-15 m nearly the proton size, so a high speed quark could probably fit (with a somewhat higher quark velocity than 0.999c, say 0.9995c with

 gamma=32) comfortably inside a proton.</div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">Very good question. First of all I am taking the point of view of conventional physics here, and hence I must be ignorant about quarks themselves perhaps being like light-speed knots as well. But since that notion is seeping

 into the paper through the abstract and earlier sections, you are right and I also have to explain it from that point of view. Now there are two possibilities:</span></div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">a)</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:red">     <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="color:red">The quark is like the Williamson-van der Mark electron, it is not knotted and

 may interact in a point-like fashion as indicated in the 1997Ann Fond L De Broglie paper. Then it will show the behavior you indicate: for its head-on interaction it seems to have shrunk to a small size.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">b)</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:red">     <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="color:red">The quark is a knot of light. Now it there will be extra stresses when one lobe

 will be pulled in head-on interactions and no point-like interaction will occur. A proton has a real size associated to it: its charge radius, so then will the quark have a real size. This size will not scale as that for a photon, so this ruled out.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">c)</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:red">     <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="color:red">The quark is just a lump of some mostly non-electromagnetic basic stuff. Then

 its interaction doesnˇt scale like that of a photon either. Ruled out.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">All of these possibility a), b) and c) are already excluded in the paper based on the ratio of kinetic energy and total energy, but suppose I made a mistake in my estimate and there is still just enough energy left to make possibility

 a) true. Then you should realize that relativity does not realy make things shrink, it only makes things look to have shrunk in your frame, in the direction of motion.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">What I mean is best illustrated in the following way. Consider a quite heavy nucleus with many protons and neutrons together. Their distance<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_force" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_force</span></a></span><span class="" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span class="" style="color:red">in

 a nucleus is quite similar to the charge radius: 0.7-1.0 fm, which I call the size of the proton. Now if the quarks would be a 100 times larger, the proton would be too, and so would the nucleus have to be. In possibility a), only a head-on interaction process

 would make them look small. This interaction between quarks of one nucleon and another is not taking place, see  the remark on the bag model of the nucleus and non-fusion of the nucleon membrane.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">In relativity, objects do not really shrink, and usually do not even show it laterally to the direction of motion. It is all a matter of perspective (pun intended).</span></div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">You see, it is not easy or obvious, it takes quite some text to explain. This means, at least in this case, that it is a good question you posed.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">I am not sure how to improve the paper regarding this point leaving out the remark about the Compton wavelength size is one possibility.</span></div>

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2) On the top of page 4 you write ¨  <span class="" style="font-size:10pt">Historically, in 1913, the quantization using De Broglie waves was the answer to Bohrˇs postulated stability of electron orbits in his model of the Hydrogen atom."</span> De Broglie

 gave his integer Bohr orbit de Broglie wavelength calculations in a journal article I believe in 1923 and again in his thesis in 1924.</div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:red">Yes I agree that this may be confusing since  De Broglie came later than Bohr. I should formulate this a little better. Bohr just postulated the stability, then came the explanation.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>

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3) You say on p 7 last paragraph, that the kinetic energy in a hydrogen atom is shared equally between the proton and the electron. This is I think mistaken. Their momenta and de Broglie wavelengths are equal, but the electron will have much more of the total

 KE  based on KE = 1/2 mv^2 .</div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">This is what I thought too, originally, but the equations tell another story, I will look at it again to make sure I didnˇt make some mistake though..can you find it? It doesnˇt matter for the message of the paper but whatever

 I say, it should be correct.</span></div>

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Also there is a typo above equation 5 on page 7:  ¨where" not ¨were"</div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">Thank you, will fix it!</span></div>

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<span class="" style="color:red">I will send you an update once I have dealt with this.</span></div>

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     best regards,</div>

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         Richard</div>

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On Jul 2, 2015, at 8:44 AM, Mark, Martin van der <<a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</span></a>> wrote:</div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">David,</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">As promised, my paper. This is the philosophical one.<br class="">

Protons and electrons are built from a continuous light-speed circulation of energy. That energy must take part in at least the electromagnetic interaction. Perhaps it is just  knotted light? In any case, quarks, gluons, strings, super-symmetrical particles,

 Planck-scale physics: all bullshitwell not entirely; the quark symmetry is there and should be there.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">The other one paper is pure mathematics and it shows how Maxwellˇs equation support topological solutions (knots of fields) that may be charged, and how the knots are

 behaving as quantum mechanical objects (the knots are also solutions to the Dirac or Klein-Gordon equation), I am in the process of drafting the text around it. A non-linear condition makes that the solutions must also obey a null-condition (invariant, being

 a proper spinor). All that together with the winding numbers of the knots should give enough conditions to select out only a minor number of possibilities to survivehavenˇt proven that yet.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">I will sent this second one in a few weeks time actually it should be ready in two</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; color:rgb(31,73,125)">Cheers, Martin</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy" lang="DE">Dr. Martin B. van der Mark</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Principal Scientist, Minimally Invasive Healthcare</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Philips Research Europe - Eindhoven</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">High Tech Campus, Building 34 (WB2.025)</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Prof. Holstlaan 4</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">5656 AE  Eindhoven, The Netherlands</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:navy">Tel: +31 40 2747548</span></div>

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<b class=""><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif">General

 [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On

 Behalf Of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>David Mathes<br class="">

<b class="">Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>donderdag 2 juli 2015 2:59<br class="">

<b class="">To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br class="">

<b class="">Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>[General] Physics in 100 years according to Wilczek</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">All, </span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">As I look at all these different models of the electron, we have all carefully grasped the elephant somewhere on the outside in an attempt to figure out what's on the inside. In our quest to determine

 the heart of the electron, we have compared present day notes in hopes of future results. So any description of the elephant called electron can be reduced to a series of experimental results that already exist and a limits can be placed to confine any model

 to reasonableness.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Mirror, mirror, on the wall, who is the fairest...oh, forget that. What I want to know...what does the future hold for quantum and quanta and is there at least a roadmap in physics.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Specifically, w</span><span class="" style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">hat does the future hold in terms of photon models and photon-based electrons? </span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">That is a question open to interpretation but Wilczek at least provides a framework with a few directions in his paper published in March 2015.</span><span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Summarized

 in a brief article on PBS website, Wilczek came out with a rather bold paper on musings and wishes available on Arxiv.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">A quick article from PBS...from</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/physics/in-100-years/" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">How Physics Will Changeand

 Change the Worldin 100 Years  NOVA Next | PBS</span></a></span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">The full paper....</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.07735.pdf" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">http://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.07735.pdf</span></a></span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">The paper was a fun read in spite of the physics and mathematics involved. Here is one of my favorite quotes:</span></div>

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<b class=""><i class="">"When Leon Cooper, on behalf of Brown University, asked me to contribute to their 250</i></b><b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMTI8,serif">th<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b><b class=""><i class="">anniversary

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<b class=""><i class="">about the next 250 years of physics, I of course accepted immediately. Then I thought about it. I soon realized that </i></b></div>

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<b class=""><i class="">Iˇd taken on a task that is way beyond me, or (I suspect) anyone else.  So as a first step I renormalized 250<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></i></b><b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMSY10,serif">△<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b><b class=""><i class="">100."</i></b></div>

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<b class=""><i class="">"Here I indulge in wide-ranging speculations on the shape of physics, and technology closely related to physics, over the next one hundred years. </i></b></div>

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<b class=""><i class="">Themes include the many faces of unification, the reimagining of quantum theory, and new forms of engineering on small, intermediate, and large scales."</i></b></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">My take is that given the rapid advances in quantum computing, and Kurzweil's pending Singularity, we should  consider the Wilczek paper a roadmap good for at least 20 years. </span><span class="" style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">We

 should also consider this paper somewhat as guidance to modeling photon and electron.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Before looking forward, Wilczek summarizes the history of physics and mathematics where there has been unification. In the computer industry including Apple, HP, IBM and Microsoft, unification is also

 called integration. And in finance, mergers and acquisitions. But I digress.</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">From history, Wilczek provide a summary of</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b id="yui_3_16_0_1_1435792424476_15382" class=""><i id="yui_3_16_0_1_1435792424476_15380" class=""><span class="" style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"> </span></i></b></span><b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">unification</span></i></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">in

 specific fields. I'm sure there are others but these will do.</span></div>

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<b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">"Names are attached not as credit but a shorthand for developments:</span></i></b></div>

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<b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMBX10,serif"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b><b class=""><i class="">Unification of algebra and geometry (Descartes)</i></b><b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMR8,serif"><br class="">

</span></i></b><b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMBX10,serif"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b><b class=""><i class="">Unification of celestial and terrestrial physics (Galileo, Newton)<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></i></b><b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMBX10,serif"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b><b class=""><i class="">Unification

 of mechanics and optics (Hamilton)<br class="">

</i></b><b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMBX10,serif"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b><b class=""><i class="">Unification of electricity, magnetism, and optics (Maxwell)<br class="">

</i></b><b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMBX10,serif"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b><b class=""><i class="">Unification of space and time (Einstein, Minkowski)<br class="">

</i></b><b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMBX10,serif"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b><b class=""><i class="">Unification of wave and particle (Einstein, de Broglie) </i></b></div>

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<b class=""><i class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMBX10,serif"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b><b class=""><i class="">Unification of reasoning and calculation (Boole, Turing) </i></b></div>

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<b class=""><i class="">end"</i></b></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">So he continues on the theme of unification with the Standard Model and eventually leads us into Supersymmetry (SUSY). </span></div>

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<b class=""><span class="" style="font-family:CMR9,serif">"<i id="yui_3_16_0_1_1435792424476_15086" class="">For reasons Iˇve detailed in an Appendix, I think the most sensible procedure is to use ¨Standard Model〃 in its original sense, to mean the electroweak

 theory only. "</i></span></b></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:CMR9,serif">That's interesting since most of the electron models don't even mention electroweak and prefer classical or semi-classical form of EM. However, there are couple models that have the guts to go GUT and encompass

 the four basic forces (or five if one treats the B field separate from E) as well as declare there is a bottom, and it is spacetime. </span><span class="" style="font-size:13.5pt">As background, note that the Standard Model can typically be summarized using

 symmetry groups as </span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">SU</span>(3) <span class="" style="font-family:CMSY10,serif">⊙ </span><span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">SU</span>(2) <span class="" style="font-family:CMSY10,serif">⊙ </span><span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">U</span>(1) <span class="" style="font-family:CMSY10,serif">⊙ </span><span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">SO</span>(3<span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">,</span>1)</div>

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Keep in mind that Barrett using the appropriate extensions to Maxwell's equations (Maxwell 20)  confines his "Topological Electromagnistim" to</div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">EM only ... SU</span>(3) <span class="" style="font-family:CMSY10,serif">⊙ </span><span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">SU</span>(2) <span class="" style="font-family:CMSY10,serif">⊙ </span><span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">U</span>(1)<br class="">

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<b class=""><span class="" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPS,serif">Topological Foundations of Electromagnetism </span></b></div>

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<a href="http://aflb.ensmp.fr/AFLB-26j/aflb26jp055.pdf" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">http://aflb.ensmp.fr/AFLB-26j/aflb26jp055.pdf</span></a><br class="">

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I have two noteworthy additions to the SM.  Electrons can be spin coupled, and there is the question of phat photons, So I've wondered if the proper investigative path might be</div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">N^2 hv == SU(4) X SU</span>(3) <span class="" style="font-family:CMSY10,serif">⊙ </span><span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">SU</span>(2) <span class="" style="font-family:CMSY10,serif">⊙ </span><span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">U</span>(1) <span class="" style="font-family:CMSY10,serif">⊙ </span><span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">SO</span>(3<span class="" style="font-family:CMMI10,serif">,</span>1)</div>

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Any comment or correction on this view may be of help. And yes, I have seen the equations of the universe.</div>

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>From Sean Carroll</div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><a href="http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2013/01/04/the-world-of-everyday-experience-in-one-equation/" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple">The

 World of Everyday Experience, In One Equation</span></a></span></div>

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<a href="http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2013/01/04/the-world-of-everyday-experience-in-one-equation/" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:none"><img id="_x0000_i1025" src="http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Everyday-Equation-1024x353.jpg" alt="image" class="" height="58" border="0" width="168"></span></a></div>

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<a href="http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2013/01/04/the-world-of-everyday-experience-in-one-equation/" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="font-size:13.5pt; color:purple">The World of Everyday

 Experience, In One Equation</span></a></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:10pt; color:rgb(153,153,153)">Longtime readers know I feel strongly that it should be more widely appreciated that the laws underlying the physics of everyday life are completely understood. (If...</span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:1pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><a href="http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2013/01/04/the-world-of-everyday-experience-in-one-equation/" class="" style="color:purple; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(153,153,153)">View

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<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(153,153,153)">Preview by Yahoo</span></div>

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So as I look at the various models for this SPIE conference, I wonder what is the next unification?</div>

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Could Unification of the photon and electron be next?</div>

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Perhaps a topological description of inside the electron? <span class="" style="font-size:13.5pt">Or could it be the unification of spacetime and waves that provides the key insight and breakthrough? </span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-size:13.5pt">Could it be we need to rethink how we think about things, and perhaps relearn a new way on how we learn how to learn? </span></div>

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<span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">And what is inside the photon?</span></div>

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Best Regards,</div>

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David</div>

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