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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Chip A. and Bob H.: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Here is a copy of the animation by my student, Michael Ambroselli, which I have been showing people for several years now. The stationary pictures are now in several papers and also in my book.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Of course, it does not show “reflection” of waves by waves; because we use the same prevalent model of superposition of wave amplitudes as simply linear sum of the propagating waves. We did not put in any
wave-wave interaction term. Even people who firmly believe in “single photon interference”, sum the linear amplitudes. Some resonant detectors, if inserted within the volume of superposition, can carry out the non-linear square modulus operation to absorb
the proportionate energy out of <b><i>both the fields</i></b>, not just one or the other, as is erroneously assumed by most believers of “single photon interference”, defying the starting math of summing two amplitudes a1 and a2. The energy absorbed is proportional
to: [(a1)-squared+(a2)-squared+ 2a1a2 cos2(pi)(nu)(t2-t1)]. Linear waves do not have the intrinsic physical capacity to carry out the mathematical quadratic operation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Chandra.<a name="_MailEndCompose"><o:p></o:p></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> General [mailto:general-bounces+chandra.roychoudhuri=uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Chip Akins<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, August 29, 2015 1:22 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'robert hudgins'; general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Verification of Light Interactions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Hi Robert Hudgins<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Thank you for the email. Your concepts show an “out-of-the-box” imagination, and so they were intriguing to me.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">So far, I have run some simulations to see what the interference patterns would be for waves
<i>which did not reflect off each other at all</i>. The way I know that these simulated waves do not reflect, is of course
<b>because I wrote the simulations to explicitly show only two waves passing through each other, with no ability to reflect off each other</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Here are the results of some of those simulations:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Image: 1, Left Side, Two waves of the same frequency and phase, incident at 45 degrees.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Image: 2, Right Side, Two waves of the same frequency with 180 degree phase shift, incident at 45 degrees.
<b>Note the expected interference pattern and no reflection.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Image: 3, two waves of different frequencies passing through each other.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">So far, using simulations, and varying angles of incidence,
<b>we are able to reproduce the experimentally observed interference patterns</b>.
<b>And this is done with no reflection of waves. <o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">So, sorry, I do not see any physical reason to assume that waves reflect off one another.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Chip<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> robert hudgins [<a href="mailto:hudginswr@msn.com">mailto:hudginswr@msn.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, August 28, 2015 9:58 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com">chipakins@gmail.com</a>; <a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">
general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> robert hudgins <<a href="mailto:hudginswr@msn.com">hudginswr@msn.com</a>>; Ralph Penland <<a href="mailto:rpenland@gmail.com">rpenland@gmail.com</a>>; Andrew meulenberg <<a href="mailto:mules333@gmail.com">mules333@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Verification of Light Interactions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Chip,<br>
<br>
To have our SPIE presentation, with its data, receive a broad, non-specific and vocal rejection from many attendees was personally confusing. From our perspective, those results (and ideas) had been thoroughly tested, retested and reconciled with current
literature. The openness you indicated by your intent to try replicating some our results felt refreshing.<br>
<br>
What follows are some pointers about possible ways to work-around the problem of short wavelength intervals:<br>
<br>
The standing wave frequency is 1/2 the wave length of the light used. Consequently, some method of expansion is usually required for clear visualization of a standing wave pattern. Many investigators use Otto Wiener's 1890 method or some variation. Recently,
a simplified classroom demonstration procedure was published.<br>
<br>
<a href="http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp/77/8/10.1119/1.3027506" target="_blank">http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp/77/8/10.1119/1.3027506</a><br>
<br>
Standing waves of light in the form of optical lattices are currently a workhorse for manipulating ultra-cold bosons and fermions. The atoms are trapped between the oscillating potentials.
<br>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><br>
<br>
Another important standing wave/interference demonstration is the 1837 Lloyd's mirror experiment.
<br>
<br>
<br>
For our study we used a precision 15 X 5cm mirror. A laser beam was reflected a shallow angle and the resulting interference pattern was examined after expanding its image. This was accomplished with a convex mirror placed near the end of the reflection zone.
We did this experiment to demonstrate that a mirror reflection would substitute for one of the beams in a two crossing-beam interference pattern, and that the null zones in the crossed-beam interference behaved as mirror--like reflection zones.
<br>
<br>
The set-up we use for our interference studies is very simple. It requires only two components; a laser and a variable density filter. The variable density filter becomes a beam splitter when the laser beam is reflected from both the front and the back (partially
mirrored) surface. Adjusting the relative intensities and phases of the emerging beams is accomplished by changing the reflection angle and the point where the beam strikes the splitter. Proper adjustment should give two clearly separated, and independent
beams. This system gives clear, unambiguous results.<br>
<br>
We began our pursuit as a search for the "cancelled" energy of light interference. It was quickly obvious that
<b>all the light energy</b> in the beams emerging from the beam splitter was detectable in the interference patterns, that formed at some distance from the splitter. (Well after the beams had merged.) Although interference confined the light to a smaller
area, (compressed the light) we found no evidence of "cancelled" light waves (energy) or of photodetector limitations.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="SPIEreferencelisting" style="margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="SPIEreferencelisting" style="margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in">Hudgins, W. R., Meulenberg, A., Ramadass, S., “Evidence for unmediated momentum transfer between light waves,” Paper 8121-39, Proc. SPIE 8121 (2011)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[1]</span>Hudgins, W., R., A. Meulenberg, A., Penland, R. F. “Mechanism of wave interaction during interference,” SPIE (2013) Paper 8832-7, in The Nature of Light:
What are Photons? <span style="font-size:12.0pt"> <br>
<br>
Please let us know if you were successful, or not, with your testing.<br>
<br>
Bob <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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