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Dear Richard,<br>
<br>
thank you for this reference to the article of Frank Wilczek. <br>
<br>
He has a quantum mechanical argument to determine a size for the
electron. It is the application of the uncertainty relation to the
magnetic moment of the electron. The result is as you write: 2.4 x
10^-12 m, which is the Compton wavelength of the electron.<br>
This is a bit similar to the way as Erwin Schrödinger has determined
the size of the electron using the Dirac function in 1930. There
Schrödinger determined the "amplitude of the zitterbewegung" also
applying the uncertainty relation to the rest energy of the
electron. It was "roughly" 10^-13 m, which also meant in his words
the Compton wavelength of the electron. <br>
<br>
In my electron model its radius is 3.86 x 10^-13 m, which is exactly
the "reduced" Compton wavelength. But here it is not an expectation
value as in the cases of Wilczek and Schrödinger but the exact
radius of the orbits of the basic particles.<br>
<br>
Thank you again and best wishes<br>
Albrecht<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 21.09.2015 um 05:01 schrieb Richard
Gauthier:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:B671D509-390A-4E6D-9E58-890055DD0BC2@gmail.com"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<div class="">This 2013 Nature comment “The enigmatic electron” by
Frank Wilczek at <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com"
class="">http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com</a> is
worth a look. He states that due to QM effects, the size of the
electron is about 2.4 x 10^-12 m, which is roughly in the range
of some of our electron models.</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<br class="">
<div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Sep 16, 2015, at 12:59 PM, Wolfgang Baer <<a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:wolf@nascentinc.com"
class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:wolf@nascentinc.com">wolf@nascentinc.com</a></a>> wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size:
12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height:
normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent:
0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows:
auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none;
display: inline !important;" class="">I should add you
sent me Main-2014.pdf and that may be the one not
available on the web sight.</span><br style="font-family:
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing:
normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align:
start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255,
255, 255);" class="">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none;
display: inline !important;" class="">I was looking for a
similar one that included the other topics as well.</span><br
style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none;
display: inline !important;" class="">If you do not have
it, its OK, I just like reading from paper.</span><br
style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">
<br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none;
display: inline !important;" class="">best wishes,</span><br
style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">
<br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none;
display: inline !important;" class="">Wolf</span><br
style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">
<br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Wolfgang Baer
Research Director
Nascent Systems Inc.
tel/fax 831-659-3120/0432
E-mail <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:wolf@NascentInc.com" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">wolf@NascentInc.com</a></pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix" style="font-family: Helvetica;
font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height:
normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent:
0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows:
auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On 9/14/2015 12:45
PM, Dr. Albrecht Giese wrote:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:55F723F0.3080200@a-giese.de"
type="cite" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size:
12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height:
normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent:
0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows:
auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><font
class="" size="-1">John,<br class="">
<br class="">
You wrote a long text, so I will enter my answers within
your text.<br class="">
</font><br class="">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 14.09.2015 um 02:54
schrieb John Macken:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:007301d0ee87$df0903d0$9d1b0b70$@macken.com"
type="cite" class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Hello David and
Albrecht,<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">It was through
the contact with this group that I was finally
able to understand the disconnect that existed
between my idea of vacuum energy and the picture
that others were obtaining from my use of the term
“energy”. Many of the mysteries of quantum
mechanics and general relativity can be traced to
the fact that fields exist and yet we do not have
a clear idea of what they are. My answer is that
we live within a sea of vacuum activity which is
the physical basis of the mysterious fields. I
combine all fields into a single “spacetime field”
which is the basis of all particles, fields and
forces.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><b
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">David</span></b><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">, you asked
about the words</span><span style="font-size:
12pt;" class=""><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>quantum,
quantifying and quantizing</span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">. I did a word
search and I did not use the word “quantizing” in
either the email or the attachment to my last
post. However, the paper<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">Energetic Spacetime: The New Aether</i><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>submitted
to SPIE as part of the conference presentation,
used and defines the word “quantization”. This
paper was attached to previous posts, and is
available at my website: <span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://onlyspacetime.com/" style="color:
purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://onlyspacetime.com/">http://onlyspacetime.com/</a></a><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><b
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Albrecht</span></b><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">: I can combine
my answer to you with the clarification for David
of the word “quantify” and its derivatives. I
claim that my model of the universe “quantifies”
particles and fields. I will start my explanation
of this concept by giving examples of models which
do not “quantify” particles and fields. There
have been numerous particle models from this group
and others which show an electron model as two
balls orbiting around a center of mass. Most of
the group identifies these balls as photons but
Albrecht names the two balls “charges of the
strong force”. Both photons and charges of strong
force are just words. To be quantifiable, it is
necessary to describe the model of the universe
which gives the strong force or the
electromagnetic force. What exactly are these?
How much energy and energy density does one charge
of strong force have? Can a photon occupy a volume
smaller than a reduced Compton wavelength in
radius? Does a muon have the same basic strong
force charge but just rotate faster? Are the
charges of strong force or photons made of any
other more basic component?</span></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height:
17.1200008392334px;" class=""><br class="">
Regarding charge: This is a basic entity in my model. At
some point a physical theory has to start. My model
starts with the assumption that a charge is an "atomic"
entity, so possibly point-like, which emits exchange
particles (in this point I follow the general
understanding of QM). There are two types of charges:
the electric ones which we are very familiar with,
having two signs, and the strong ones, which are not so
obvious in everyday physics; they also have two signs.
In the physical nature we find the charges of the strong
force only in configurations made of those different
signs, never isolated. This is in contrast to the
electric charges.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="">
<br class="">
The basic particles are composed of a collection of
charges of the strong force so that both basic particles
are bound to each other in a way that they keep a
certain distance. This distance characterizes an
elementary particle. In several (or most) cases there is
additionally an electric charge in the basic particle.<br
class="">
<br class="">
The two parameters I have to set - or to find - are the
shape of the strong field in the elementary particle.
Here I have defined an equation describing a minimum
multi-pole field to make the elementary particle stable.
The other setting is the strength of this field. This
strength can be found e.g. using the electron because
the electron is well known and precisely measured. This
field is then applicable for all leptons as well as for
all quarks. It is also applicable for the photon with
the restriction that there may be a correction factor
caused by the fact that the photon is not fundamental in
the sense of this model but composed of (maybe) two
other particles.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="">
<br class="">
The size of the photon is (at least roughly) described
by its wavelength. This follows from the mass formula
resulting from my model, as with this assumption the
(dynamic) mass of the photon is the correct result.<br
class="">
<br class="">
As I wrote, the results of this model are very precise,
the prove is in practice only limited by limitations of
the measurement processes.</span>
<blockquote
cite="mid:007301d0ee87$df0903d0$9d1b0b70$@macken.com"
type="cite" class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">I could go on
with more questions until it is possible to
calculate the properties of an electron from the
answers. So far both models lack any quantifiable
details except perhaps a connection to the
particle’s Compton frequency. I am not demanding
anything more than I have already done. For
example, I cannot calculate the electron’s Compton
frequency or the fine structure constant.
However, once I install these into the model that
I create, and combine this with the properties of
the spacetime field, then I get an electron.
Installing a muon’s Compton frequency generates a
muon with the correct electric field,
electrostatic force, curvature of spacetime,
gravitational force and de Broglie waves. I am
able to quantify the distortion of spacetime
produced by a charged particle, an electric field
and a photon. I am able to test these models and
show that they generate both the correct energy
density and generate a black hole when we reach
the distortion limits of the spacetime field.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
In my model the Compton frequency of the electron (and of
the other leptons) follows directly from the size of the
particle and the fact that the basic particle move with c.
The fine structure constant tells us the relation of the
electric force to the strong force. This explanation
follows very directly from this model, however was also
found by other theorists using algebra of particle
physics.<br class="">
<br class="">
Another result of the model is that Planck's constant -
multiplied by c - is the field constant of the strong
force. Also this is the result of other models (however
not of mainstream physics).<br class="">
<blockquote
cite="mid:007301d0ee87$df0903d0$9d1b0b70$@macken.com"
type="cite" class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">My model starts
with a quantifiable description of the properties
of spacetime. The spacetime model has a specific
impedance which describes the properties of waves
that can exist in spacetime. Then the amplitude
and frequency of the waves in spacetime is
quantified. This combination allows the energy
density of spacetime to be calculated and this
agrees with the energy density of zero point
energy. The particle models are then defined as ½<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">ħ</span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>units of
quantized angular momentum existing in the
spacetime field. This model is quantifiable as to
size, structure, energy, etc. Also the fact that
the rate of time and proper volume is being
modulated, it is possible to calculate the effect
that such a structure would have on the
surrounding volume of spacetime. It is possible
to calculate the effect if the spacetime-based
particle model would have if the coupling constant
was equal to 1 (Planck charge), To get charge<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">e</i>, it is necessary to manually
install the fine structure constant. <span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
How do you get the value<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">½<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">ħ</span><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>for the angular
momentum? What is the calculation behind it? - I
understand that in your model the electric charge is a
parameter deduced from other facts. Which ones? From
alpha? How do you then get alpha?<br class="">
<br class="">
I personally have in so far a problem with all
considerations using spacetime as I have quite thoroughly
investigated how Einstein came to the idea of this
4-dimentional construct. His main motivation was that he
wanted in any case to avoid an ether. And in his
discussions with Ernst Mach he had to realize that he was
running into a lot of problems with this assumption. He
could solve these problems in general by his "curved
spacetime". But this concept still causes logical
conflicts which are eagerly neglected by the followers of
Einstein's relativity (and which do not exist in the
Lorentzian way of relativity).
<blockquote
cite="mid:007301d0ee87$df0903d0$9d1b0b70$@macken.com"
type="cite" class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">The quantifiable
properties of spacetime imply that there should be
boundary conditions which imply that the waves in
spacetime should be nonlinear. When the nonlinear
component is calculated and treated as separate
waves, the characteristics of the particle’s
gravitational field are obtained (correct:
curvature, effect on the rate of time, force and
energy density).<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">In my last post
I have given an answer about the factor of 10<sup
class="">120</sup><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>difference
between the observable energy density of the
universe and the non-observable energy of the
universe. This non-observable energy density is
absolutely necessary for QED calculations, zero
point energy, the uncertainty principle, Lamb
shift, spontaneous emission and quantum mechanics
in general. This non-observable energy density is
responsible for the tremendously large impedance
of spacetime c<sup class="">3</sup>/G. Since I can
also show how this non-observable energy density
is obtainable from gravitational wave equations,
it is necessary for<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">you</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to show
how all these effects can be achieved without
spacetime being a single field with this
non-observable energy density. In fact, the name
non-observable only applied to direct observation.
The indirect evidence is everywhere. It forms the
basis of the universe and therefore is the
“background noise” of the universe. For this
reason it is not directly observable because we
can only detect differences in energy. The
constants<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">c,</i><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">G</i>,<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">ħ</span></i><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">ε<sub class="">o</sub></i><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>testify
that spacetime is not an empty void. <span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Up to now I did not find any necessity for zero-point
energy. And I find it a dangerous way to assume physical
facts which cannot be observed. The greatest argument in
favour of this energy is its use in Feynman diagrams. But
is there really no other way? I have a lecture of Feynman
here where he states that his formalism has good results.
But that he has no physical understanding why it is
successful. In my understanding of the development of
physics this is a weak point.<br class="">
<br class="">
The discrepancy of 10^120 between assumed and observed
energy is taken as a great and unresolved problem by
present main stream physics. Those representatives would
have all reason to find a solution to keep present QM
clean. But they are not able to. This causes me some
concern.<br class="">
<br class="">
The constants you have listed: c is the speed of light
what ever the reason for it is. (I have a model, but it is
a bit speculative.) But it has nothing to do with energy.
G is the gravitational constant which is as little
understood as gravity itself. Planck's constant I have
explained, it is (with c) the field constant of the strong
force (any force has to be described by a field constant);
and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><i class="">ε<sub
class="">o</sub></i></span><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the field
constant of the electric force with a similar background.<br
class="">
<blockquote
cite="mid:007301d0ee87$df0903d0$9d1b0b70$@macken.com"
type="cite" class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">If spacetime was
an empty void, why should particles have a speed
limit of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">c</i>? For a thought experiment,
suppose that two spaceships leave earth going
opposite directions and accelerate until they
reach a speed of 0.75<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">c</i><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>relative
to the earth. The earth bound observer sees them
separating at 1.5<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">c</i><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>but the
rules of relativistic addition of velocity has a
spaceship observer seeing the other spaceship
moving away at only 0.96<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">c</i>. How is this possible if
spacetime is an empty void. My model of the
universe answers this because all particles,
fields and forces are also made of the spacetime
field and they combine to achieve Lorentz
transformations which affects ruler length and
clocks. None of this can happen unless spacetime
is filled with dipole waves in spacetime and
everything is made of the single component. The
universe is only spacetime.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
If two spaceships move at 0.75 c in opposite direction,
the observer at rest may add these speeds and may get 1.5
c as a result. Why not? If an observer in one of the
spaceships measures the relative speed of the other
spaceship, the result will be less then c (as you write
it). The reason is the well known fact that the
measurement tools accessible for the observer in the ship
are changed and run differently at this high speed. The
reason for these changes is for time dilation the internal
speed c in elementary particles. For contraction it is the
contraction of fields at motion which is a fact
independent of relativity (and which was already known
before Einstein). In addition when the speed of another
object is to be measured several clocks are to be used
positioned along the measurement section. These clocks are
de-synchronized in relation to the clocks of the observer
at rest. These phenomena together cause the measurement
result < c. You find these considerations in papers and
books about the Lorentzian interpretation of relativity.
So, following Lorentz, there is no reason to assume
Einstein's spacetime.<span style="font-size: 12pt;"
class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="">
</span>
<blockquote
cite="mid:007301d0ee87$df0903d0$9d1b0b70$@macken.com"
type="cite" class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">John M.</span></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Perhaps I should read your book. But that chould take a
lot of time, I am afraid.<br class="">
<br class="">
Albrecht<br class="">
<blockquote
cite="mid:007301d0ee87$df0903d0$9d1b0b70$@macken.com"
type="cite" class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span></div>
<div class="">
<div style="border-style: solid none none;
border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225);
border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;"
class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><b class=""><span style="color:
windowtext;" class="">From:</span></b><span
style="color: windowtext;" class=""><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Dr.
Albrecht Giese [<a moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;">mailto:genmail@a-giese.de</a>]<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday,
September 13, 2015 1:43 PM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>John
Macken<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:john@macken.com" style="color:
purple; text-decoration: underline;"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:john@macken.com"><john@macken.com></a></a>;
'Nature of Light and Particles - General
Discussion'<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org></a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re:
[General] research papers<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p
class=""> </o:p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Hello
John,<br class="">
<br class="">
great that you have looked so deeply into the model
which I have presented. Thank you.<br class="">
<br class="">
There are some questions which I can answer quite
easily. I think that this model in fact explains
several points just in contrast to main stream
physics. In standard physics the electron (just as
an example) is a point-like object without any
internal structure. So, how can a magnetic moment be
explained? How can the spin be explained? How can
the mass be explained? The position of main stream
physics is: That cannot be explained but is subject
to quantum mechanics. And the fact that it cannot be
explained shows how necessary QM is.<br class="">
<br class="">
In contrast, if the electron is assumed to have a
structure like in the model presented, these
parameters can be explained in a classical way, and
this explanation is not merely a qualitative one but
has precise quantitative results.<br class="">
<br class="">
To your questions in detail:<br class="">
The fact of two basic particles is necessary to
explain the fact of an oscillation and to fulfil the
conservation of momentum. A single object (as
point-like) cannot oscillate. The basic particles
are composed of charges of the strong force. In this
model the strong force is assumed to be the
universal force in our world effective on all
particles. A charge is a fundamental object in the
scope of this model. There are two kinds of charges
according to the two kinds of forces in our world,
the strong one and the electric one. The weak force
is in fact the strong force but has a smaller
coupling constant caused by geometric circumstances.
And gravity is not a force at all but a refraction
process, which is so a side effect of the other
forces. And, by the way, gravity is not curved
spacetime. This is not necessary, and besides of
this, Einstein's spacetime leads to logical
conflicts.<br class="">
<br class="">
The forces (i.e. strong force) inside an elementary
particle are configured in a way that at a certain
distance there is a potential minimum and in this
way the distance between the basic particles is
enforced. So, this field has attracting and
repulsive components. Outside the elementary
particle the attracting forces dominate to make the
particle a stable one. And those field parts outside
have an opposite sign. Now, as the basic particles
are orbiting each other, the outside field is an
alternating field (of the strong forth). If this
field propagates, it is builds a wave. This wave is
described by the Schrödinger equation and fulfils
the assumptions of de Broglie.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="">
<br class="">
With the assumption of two basic particles orbiting
at c and subject to strong force, the parameters
mass, magnetic moment, spin result from it
numerically correctly without further assumptions.<br
class="">
<br class="">
This model does not need any vacuum energy or
virtual particles. Those are simply not necessary
and they are anyway very speculative because not
directly observable. And in the case of the vacuum
energy of the universe we are confronted with the
discrepancy of 10^120 which you also mention in your
paper attached to your mail.<br class="">
<br class="">
The Coulomb law can be easily explained by the
assumption (standard at quantum mechanics) that a
force is realized by exchange particles. The density
of exchange particles and so the strength of the
field diminishes by 1/r^2, which is simple geometry.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="">
<br class="">
So John, this is my position. Now I am curious about
your objections of further questions.<br class="">
<br class="">
Best regards<br class="">
Albrecht<br class="">
<br class="">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></p>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Am
11.09.2015 um 23:51 schrieb John Macken:<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom:
5pt;" class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Hello Albrecht
and All,</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">I have
attached a one page addition that I will make to
my book. It is a preliminary explanation of my
model of the spacetime field. It has been very
helpful to me to interact with this group
because I now understand better the key
stumbling block for some scientists to accept my
thesis. Therefore I have written the attached
introduction to ease the reader of my book into
my model. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><b
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Albrecht:</span></b><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> <span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I
appreciate your email. We agree on several
points which include the size of the electron
and there is a similarity in the explanation of
gravity. The key points of disagreement are the
same as I have with the rest of the group. Your
explanation of a fundamental particle is not
really an explanation. You substitute a
fundamental particle such as an electron with
two “basic particles”. Have we made any
progress or did we just double the problem?
What is your basic particles made of? What is
the physics behind the force of attraction
between the particles? What is the physics
behind an electric field? How does your model
create de Broglie waves? How does your model
create a gravitational field (curved
spacetime)? Can you derive the Coulomb law and
Newtonian gravitational equation from your
model? <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">These might
seem like unfair questions, but my model does
all of these things. All it requires is the
reader accept the fact that the vacuum possesses
activity which can be characterized as a type of
energy density that is not observable (no rest
mass or momentum). This is no different that
accepting that QED calculations should be
believed when they assume vacuum energy or that
zero point energy really exists. <span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><b
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Albrecht</span></b><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">, perhaps I
have come on too strong, but I have decided to
take a firmer stand. You just happen to be the
first person that I contrast to my model. I am
actually happy to discuss the scientific details
in a less confrontational way. I just wanted to
make an initial point.</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">John M.</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="border-style: solid none none;
border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225);
border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;"
class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><b class=""><span style="color:
windowtext;" class="">From:</span></b><span
style="color: windowtext;" class=""><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General
[<a moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;">mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">On Behalf Of<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Dr.
Albrecht Giese<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday,
September 11, 2015 9:52 AM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re:
[General] research papers</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Dear
John Macken,<br class="">
<br class="">
I would like to answer a specific topic in your
mail below. You write "... would have particular
relevance to the concept that the Higgs field is
needed to give inertia to fermions".<br class="">
<br class="">
We should not overlook that even mainstream
physicists working on elementary particles admit
that the Higgs theory is not able to explain
inertia. I give you as a reference:<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 3pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
text-align: justify;"><span class="" lang="EN-GB">>Steven
D. Brass, The cosmological constant puzzle,
Journal of Physics G, Nuclear and Particle
Physics 38, 4(2011) 43201< ,</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"
class="">which has the result that the Higgs
field, which causes inertia according to the
theory, is by at least 56 orders of magnitude
too small to explain the mass of the elementary
particles. (Another weakness is the fact that
the Higgs theory does not tell us the mass of
any elementary particle even if all other
parameters are known.)<br class="">
<br class="">
As you may remember, in our meeting I have
presented a model explaining inertia which does
not only work as a general idea but provides
very precise results for the mass of leptons.
The mass is classically deduced from the size of
a particle. It also explains the mass of
quarks, but here the verification is more
difficult, due to the lack of measurements. In
addition I have shown that the model also
explains the (dynamic) mass of photons, if the
size of a photon is related to its wavelength.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="">
<br class="">
You may find details in the proceedings of our
San Diego meeting, but also on the following web
sites:<br class="">
<br class="">
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.ag-physics.org/rmass"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">www.ag-physics.org/rmass</a><br
class="">
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.ag-physics.org/electron"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">www.ag-physics.org/electron</a><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>.<br
class="">
<br class="">
You may also find the sites by Google search
entering the string "origin of mass". You will
find it on position 1 or 2 of the list, where it
has constantly been during the past 12 years.<br
class="">
<br class="">
If you have any questions about it, please ask
me. I will be happy about any discussion.<br
class="">
<br class="">
With best regards<br class="">
Albrecht Giese<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Am
04.09.2015 um 18:40 schrieb John Macken:</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom:
5pt;" class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Martin,</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">I
wanted to remind you that I think that you
should update your article “Light Is Heavy” to
include the mathematical proof that confined
light has exactly the same inertia as
particles with equal energy. Accelerating a
reflecting box causes different photon
pressure which results in a net inertial
force. I already reference your Light Is
Heavy article in my book, but expanding the
article would be even better. An expanded
article would have particular relevance to the
concept that the Higgs field is needed to give
inertia to fermions. The Higgs field is not
needed to give inertia to confined light.
Furthermore, confined light exerts exactly the
correct inertia and kinetic energy, even at
relativistic conditions. I have not seen a
proof that the Higgs field gives exactly the
correct amount of inertia or kinetic energy to
fermions. Any particle model that includes
either a confined photon or confined waves in
spacetime propagating at the speed of light
gets inertia and kinetic energy from the same
principles as confined light in a reflecting
box.</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">John
M.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="border-style: solid none none;
border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225);
border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;"
class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;" class=""><b class="">From:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General
[<a moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;">mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">On Behalf Of<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Mark,
Martin van der<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday,
September 04, 2015 6:34 AM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature
of Light and Particles - General Discussion<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org></a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[General]
research papers<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="">Dear all,</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="">My recent (and old) work can
be found on Researchgate:</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin_Van_der_Mark/publications"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin_Van_der_Mark/publications</a></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="">In particular you will find
the most recent work:</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"
class="" type="disc">
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