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    Hi Al,<br>
    <br>
    about time dilation.<br>
    <br>
    The problem is that time dilation looks inconsistent at the first
    glance. But it is not. I shall try to explain. It has to do with
    clock synchronization. (I try to do it without graphics, which would
    be easier, but a problem in an email.)<br>
    <br>
    Assume that there are two inertial systems, I call them A and B.
    Both move in relation to each other at some speed v. Now assume that
    there are clocks distributed equally over both systems. And of
    course in both systems the clocks are synchronized. Now there comes
    a relativistic effect. If the observer in A looks to the clocks in
    B, he finds them desynchronized. The clocks which are in front with
    respect to the direction of motion are retarded, the ones in the
    rear advanced. Similar in the other system. If an observer in B
    looks to the clocks in A, he finds them also desynchronized in the
    way that the clocks in the front are retarded and the clocks in the
    rear advanced. Shall I explain why this happens? If you want, I can
    do it. But next time to keep it short here.<br>
    <br>
    Now, what is dilation in this case?<br>
    <br>
    If the observer in A takes one of the clocks in B and compares it to
    those clocks in his own system, which is just opposite in sequence,
    then the clock in B looks slowed down. But if he takes one clock in
    his own system, A, and compares it to the clocks in B which are
    opposite in sequence, the clocks in B look accelerated. <br>
    <br>
    Now it looks in a similar way for the observer in B. If the observer
    in B does the equivalent to the observer in A just described, he
    will make just the same experience. No contradiction!<br>
    <br>
    In the case of the muons: The muon which will decay is in the
    position of a clock in the muon-system, and this clock is slowed
    down as seen from the observer at rest as described above, and this
    is no violation of symmetry between the systems. If an observer, who
    moves with the muon, looks to the clocks of the system at rest, he
    will find those clocks accelerated. No contradiction. Correct?<br>
    <br>
    Albrecht  <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 11.10.2015 um 18:30 schrieb
      <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a>:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:trinity-e2ae7eb9-f56e-439d-86e1-fb6e9a2bbfea-1444581000394@3capp-webde-bs35"
      type="cite">
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        <div>
          <div>Hi John:</div>
          <div> </div>
          <div>If you have apportioned some of the "half understanding"
            to the orthodox clique, then we are "on the same page."</div>
          <div>
            <div> </div>
            <div>If not, perhaps you owe us an explantion:  Per standard
              SR, the muon's clock is seen as running slow by
              experimenter/observers, but not his. Also, per standard
              SR, the muon sees the experimenter's clock as running
              slow, but again not his own.  Good trick!  Usually called
              a contradiction!</div>
            <div> </div>
            <div>Now, if one says that this is a perspective effect
              affecting virual images only, then there is no
              contradictions in language, physics or intuition.  </div>
            <div> </div>
            <div>This explantion doesn't seem to work for muon decay,
              however, which appears to be an internal matter for the
              muon only.  If, however, there are more, unaccounted
              heretofore, muons generated along the path to the earth,
              once again, all's clear!  Rough estimations seem to
              confirm this, but my familiarity with the minutia of these
              experiements is limited.  Without precise description of
              the beam characteristics, and the gemoetry of the
              observation instruments, a similar explantion for the CERN
              results is out of reach.  But, also not yet dismissable
              out-of-hand.  </div>
            <div> </div>
            <div>BTW, Clocks-around-the-world has been criticsed by A.
              G. Kelly (along with their inventor, Louis Essen) in that
              the stability of atomic clocks then (and now - delta) was
              insufficient for the measurments.  Others pointed out that
              the authors cheery-picked the resulting data, throwing out
              what conflicted with expectations, etc.  GPS makes
              adjustments with up to 30 terms, some larger than the SR
              effects.  In the end, this proves that engineers will do
              what works!</div>
            <div> </div>
            <div>BTextraW: sometimes GIGO == gold in, gold out!</div>
            <div> </div>
            <div>ciao,  Al</div>
            <div> </div>
            <div> </div>
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              <div style="margin:0 0 10px 0;"><b>Gesendet:</b> Sonntag,
                11. Oktober 2015 um 12:32 Uhr<br>
                <b>Von:</b> "John Williamson"
                <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk"><John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk></a><br>
                <b>An:</b> "Nature of Light and Particles - General
                Discussion"
                <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org></a><br>
                <b>Cc:</b> "Joakim Pettersson"
                <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:joakimbits@gmail.com"><joakimbits@gmail.com></a>, "Nick Bailey"
                <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nick@bailey-family.org.uk"><nick@bailey-family.org.uk></a>, "Anthony Booth"
                <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:abooth@ieee.org"><abooth@ieee.org></a>, "Ariane Mandray"
                <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:ariane.mandray@wanadoo.fr"><ariane.mandray@wanadoo.fr></a><br>
                <b>Betreff:</b> Re: [General] nature of light particles
                & theories</div>
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                  <div style="direction: ltr;font-family: Tahoma;color:
                    rgb(0,0,0);font-size: 10.0pt;">Hello everyone ..
                    forgot the Selleri extract (page ten from the 180
                    pages or so of his "Weak Relativity")<br>
                    <br>
                    It shows how useful experiment is in making people
                    think more precisely. The fact that non-perturbative
                    theories (QCD, Strings, branes and so on) are immune
                    to experimental disproof (essential because they do
                    not predict anything anyway!) makes such things all
                    the more insidious.<br>
                    <br>
                    ... here it is in red, with discussion afterwards...<br>
                     
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                          <p><font color="FF0000"><span
                                style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:
                                TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Herbert Dingle,
                                professor of History and Philosophy of
                                Science in London, in the fifties and
                                early sixties fought a battle against
                                some features of the relativity theory,
                                in particular against the asymmetrical
                                ageing present in the clock paradox
                                argument. He believed that the slowing
                                down of moving clocks was pure fantasy.
                                This idea has of course been demolished
                                by direct experimental evidence,
                                collected after his time. Nevertheless,
                                his work has left posterity a rare
                                jewel: the syllogism bearing his name.
                                Given that syllogism is a technical
                                model of perfect deduction, its
                                consequences are absolutely necessary
                                for any person accepting rational
                                thinking in science. Dingle’s syllogism
                                is the following [2-6]: </span></font></p>
                          <p><font color="FF0000"><span
                                style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:
                                TimesNewRomanPSMT;">1. (Main premise)
                                According to the postulate of
                                relativity, if two bodies (for example
                                two identical clocks) separate and
                                reunite, there is no observable
                                phenomenon that will show in an absolute
                                sense that one rather than the other has
                                moved.<br>
                                2. (Minor premise) If upon reunion, one
                                clock were retarded by a quantity
                                depending on its relative motion, and
                                the other not, that phenomenon would
                                show that the first clock had moved (in
                                an observer independent “absolute”
                                sense) and not the second. </span></font></p>
                          <p><font color="FF0000"><span
                                style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:
                                TimesNewRomanPSMT;">3. (Conclusion)
                                Hence, if the postulate of relativity is
                                true, the clocks must be retarded
                                equally or not at all: in either case,
                                their readings will concord upon reunion
                                if they agreed at separation. If a
                                difference between the two readings were
                                to show up, the postulate of relativity
                                cannot be true. </span></font></p>
                          <p><font color="FF0000"><span
                                style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:
                                TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Today it can be said
                                that the asymmetrical behaviour of the
                                two clocks is empirically certain (muons
                                in cosmic rays, experiment with the CERN
                                muon storage ring, experiments with
                                linear beams of unstable particles,
                                Hafele and Keating experiment).
                                Therefore, as a consequence of point 3.
                                above, the postulate of relativity must
                                somehow be negated. Actually, in recent
                                times there are some authors who think
                                that “theory of relativity” is just a
                                name, not to be taken too literally. The
                                total relativism which the theory could
                                seem to embody is now perceived to be
                                only an illusion. One can conclude that
                                not all is relative in relativity,
                                because this theory contains also some
                                features that are observer independent,
                                then features which are absolute! As
                                Dingle wrote: “It should be obvious that
                                if there is an absolute effect which is
                                a function of velocity, then the
                                velocity must be absolute. No
                                manipulation of formulae or devising of
                                ingenious experiments can alter that
                                simple fact.” [2-7] </span></font></p>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <br>
                    Sounds good doesn't it. Problem is, as usual, in the
                    starting premise. It is kind of true - but shows
                    weak thinking. Conclusion then drawn from this sound
                    logical - but reveal more about the authors
                    understanding of the theory than they provide a test
                    of it.<br>
                    <br>
                    What is said is so in the particular case envisaged,
                    but not in any more general cases.  <br>
                    <br>
                    Consider three clocks .. one stay at home, one clock
                    off to the left (the left clock) the other to the
                    right (the right clock). Imagine mister left and
                    miss right have strict instructions of how much and
                    when (on their own clocks) to accelerate and
                    decelerate. Same instructions for both. Later both
                    clocks are brought back to the third clock (the home
                    clock). Indeed if one takes the left clock left then
                    reverses it to go right, then brings it home and
                    stops it it will show a time shorter than the home
                    clock. Similarly if one takes the right clock right
                    then reverses it to go left and brings it home it
                    will also show a time shorter than the home clock.
                    Checking the right clock to the left clock will
                    reveal, indeed, that they still agree, precisely,
                    with one another, provided only the acceleration
                    history was symmetrical for both. The difference
                    with the home clock - is that the acceleration has
                    put both moving clocks into successively different
                    inertial frames (this is the same problems that some
                    commentators have with their (lack of understanding
                    of) the Sagnac effect). Everything following from
                    the initial lack of understanding, is, while
                    perfectly logically consistent, simply further
                    bullshit. It negates only that version of relativity
                    present in the heads of the thinkers.<br>
                    <br>
                    This is not to say at all that either Dingle or
                    Selleri were full of shit - on the contrary this
                    gets to the precise point and distinction to be made
                    - it just illustrates how half-understanding can be
                    a dangerous thing.<br>
                    <br>
                    As always - GIGO.<br>
                    <br>
                    Regards, John W.
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                      <hr>
                      <div id="divRpF527729" style="direction: ltr;"><font
                          size="2" color="#000000" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
                          John Williamson<br>
                          <b>Sent:</b> Sunday, October 11, 2015 10:54 AM<br>
                          <b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles -
                          General Discussion<br>
                          <b>Cc:</b> Joakim Pettersson; Anthony Booth;
                          Ariane Mandray; Nick Bailey<br>
                          <b>Subject:</b> RE: [General] nature of light
                          particles & theories</font><br>
                         </div>
                      <div> </div>
                      <div>
                        <div style="direction: ltr;font-family:
                          Tahoma;color: rgb(0,0,0);font-size: 10.0pt;">Hello
                          Al and everyone ... Me too ... I'll go blue
                          ...
                          <div style="font-family: Times New
                            Roman;color: rgb(0,0,0);font-size: 16.0px;">
                            <hr>
                            <div id="divRpF683784" style="direction:
                              ltr;"><font size="2" color="#000000"
                                face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b> General
                                [<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]
                                on behalf of <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a>
                                [<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a>]<br>
                                <b>Sent:</b> Sunday, October 11, 2015
                                8:33 AM<br>
                                <b>To:</b>
                                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a><br>
                                <b>Cc:</b> Nature of Light and Particles
                                - General Discussion; Joakim Pettersson;
                                Anthony Booth; Ariane Mandray; Nick
                                Bailey<br>
                                <b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] nature of
                                light particles & theories</font><br>
                               </div>
                            <div> </div>
                            <div>
                              <div style="font-family:
                                Verdana;font-size: 12.0px;">
                                <div>
                                  <div>Hi John:</div>
                                  <div> </div>
                                  <div>Some initial reactions
                                    interspersed below.</div>
                                  <div> 
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                                      <div style="margin: 0 0 10.0px 0;"><b>Gesendet:</b> Samstag,
                                        10. Oktober 2015 um 12:24 Uhr<br>
                                        <b>Von:</b> "Mark, Martin van
                                        der"
                                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com"><martin.van.der.mark@philips.com></a><br>
                                        <b>An:</b> "Nature of Light and
                                        Particles - General Discussion"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org></a><br>
                                        <b>Cc:</b> "Joakim Pettersson"
                                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:joakimbits@gmail.com"><joakimbits@gmail.com></a>,
                                        "Nick Bailey"
                                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nick@bailey-family.org.uk"><nick@bailey-family.org.uk></a>,
                                        "Anthony Booth"
                                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:abooth@ieee.org"><abooth@ieee.org></a>, "Ariane
                                        Mandray"
                                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:ariane.mandray@wanadoo.fr"><ariane.mandray@wanadoo.fr></a><br>
                                        <b>Betreff:</b> Re: [General]
                                        nature of light particles &
                                        theories</div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>John W,</div>
                                          <div>Thank you for that nice
                                            and long email. Is it, or is
                                            it not amazing that I agree
                                            completely, I am
                                            wondering...<br>
                                            Very best,</div>
                                          <div>Martin<br>
                                            <br>
                                            Verstuurd vanaf mijn iPhone</div>
                                          <div><br>
                                            Op 10 okt. 2015 om 01:39
                                            heeft John Williamson <<a
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk">John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk</a></a>>
                                            het volgende geschreven:<br>
                                             </div>
                                          <blockquote>
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                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
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                                                    style="font-size:
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                                                    white;">Hello Al,</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
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                                                    style="font-size:
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                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
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                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">I think it
                                                    is fundamentally
                                                    correct that,
                                                    eventually,
                                                    everything should be
                                                    brought back to such
                                                    things as space and
                                                    time, if only for
                                                    the fact that the
                                                    word we construct in
                                                    our heads (in the
                                                    second world of
                                                    Popper) is of this
                                                    form. </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
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                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
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                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
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                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">I agree as
                                                    well that Field is a
                                                    construct – and a
                                                    poorly understood
                                                    one at that – of
                                                    things that have a
                                                    more fundamental
                                                    underlying nature. I
                                                    think you are quite
                                                    wrong, however, to
                                                    dismiss energy and
                                                    momentum as being
                                                    always derivative of
                                                    x(t) and to state
                                                    that all measurement
                                                    is primarily of
                                                    x(t).<span>  </span>There
                                                    are certainly a
                                                    class of experiments
                                                    which measure
                                                    position to some
                                                    reasonable accuracy
                                                    for practical
                                                    purposes, and from
                                                    which energy and
                                                    momentum may be
                                                    derived. It is
                                                    certainly very
                                                    interesting,
                                                    philosophically, to
                                                    take spatial
                                                    position as a
                                                    function of time as
                                                    the primary starting
                                                    point and to see how
                                                    far that gets you. I
                                                    would be delighted
                                                    to spend a week (or
                                                    more!) allowing only
                                                    that premise and
                                                    getting deeply into
                                                    all the
                                                    ramifications. I do
                                                    not, presently,
                                                    think that goes
                                                    nearly far enough in
                                                    describing all of
                                                    reality.</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    face="Times">AK: I
                                                    take it (with
                                                    resurvation to
                                                    change my mind)
                                                    that, only those
                                                    things have
                                                    ontological essence
                                                    for which there is
                                                    the need of a unit
                                                    (space, time, mass,
                                                    charge, whatever). 
                                                  </font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="background-color:
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                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    face="Times"><font
                                                      color="0000FF">Things
                                                      with units are
                                                      also a human
                                                      invention and also
                                                      conventional ..
                                                      next step is to
                                                      merge space and
                                                      time. Measure
                                                      length units in
                                                      light-nanoseconds
                                                      ....</font></font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    face="Times">All the
                                                    rest are deduced.
                                                     Sometimes they are
                                                    deduced by
                                                    comparison with an
                                                    already elsewhere
                                                    deduced entity from
                                                    valid measurements
                                                    of unit-entites.
                                                     This leads to false
                                                    impression that they
                                                     are directly
                                                    measeasred.</font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    color="0000FF"
                                                    face="Times">Indeed!</font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    face="Times">  In
                                                    fact, one should
                                                    have dug deeper.</font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
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                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
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                                                    white;"> </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">There are,
                                                    however, other
                                                    measurements where
                                                    it is energy and/or
                                                    momentum that are
                                                    measured more
                                                    precisely (in the
                                                    sense of the
                                                    uncertainty
                                                    principle) and it is
                                                    precisely position
                                                    and time that are
                                                    uncertain. It
                                                    happens that it is
                                                    this class of
                                                    experiment (at CERN
                                                    or in what is now
                                                    called
                                                    nanoelectronics) in
                                                    which I have been
                                                    involved in my
                                                    professional career.
                                                    You need not feel
                                                    this weds me to this
                                                    standpoint, however,
                                                    I am very happy
                                                    (delighted!) to look
                                                    at things from many
                                                    different
                                                    perspectives. It
                                                    remains, however,
                                                    simply not correct
                                                    to state that all
                                                    experiment boils
                                                    down to measurements
                                                    of x(t) and that
                                                    everything we know
                                                    is derived from
                                                    this. Many
                                                    experiments are
                                                    ignorant of
                                                    position, not only
                                                    because it was not
                                                    measured (though
                                                    this may often be
                                                    the case), nor even
                                                    because of the
                                                    diktat of the
                                                    uncertainty
                                                    relation, but simply
                                                    because when you
                                                    look at “particles”
                                                    in the nano regime
                                                    (as I have done
                                                    personally in many
                                                    experiments) they
                                                    are simply fuzzy at
                                                    a scale much larger
                                                    than your
                                                    resolution. They
                                                    look really much
                                                    more like what one
                                                    would expect from
                                                    quantum mechanics
                                                    (in its
                                                    wave-mechanics
                                                    guise). </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"> </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">Now one may
                                                    ascribe this, at a
                                                    deeper level, to the
                                                    zitterbewegung at
                                                    some frequency high
                                                    compared with the
                                                    temporal resolution
                                                    of the
                                                    experiment(why not
                                                    indeed!).<span>  </span>And
                                                    think that one may
                                                    “really” be able to
                                                    get x(t) anyway.
                                                    Well the “why not”
                                                    comes from the
                                                    derivation of the
                                                    zitterbewegung
                                                    itself (see Dirac’s
                                                    textbook, where he
                                                    performs the direct
                                                    integration). It is
                                                    indeed
                                                    straightforwards to
                                                    get this, but if you
                                                    look at how it comes
                                                    in there it comes in
                                                    as a mass. That is
                                                    mass is described as
                                                    a high frequency
                                                    vibration. That
                                                    vibration is related
                                                    to the frequency
                                                    from this
                                                    mass-as-energy (in
                                                    fact it is twice
                                                    this – famously).
                                                    What this means is
                                                    that, firstly,
                                                    inverse time is
                                                    taken in that
                                                    context as more
                                                    fundamental than
                                                    time (See, e.g. Jan
                                                    Hilgevoord on the
                                                    uncertainty
                                                    principle). Also,
                                                    this inverse time is
                                                    derived from that
                                                    thing we call energy
                                                    (rest energy as mass
                                                    here). One sees that
                                                    one is already two
                                                    steps away here from
                                                    a consideration of
                                                    time as fundamental.
                                                    Energy gives inverse
                                                    time. The proper
                                                    mechanism for
                                                    inversion must then
                                                    be considered in
                                                    describing “time”
                                                    from this.<span>  </span>Also,
                                                    experiment itself
                                                    does not support
                                                    this (simple)
                                                    position. If the
                                                    momentum were indeed
                                                    oscillating at
                                                    lightspeed, as the
                                                    Dirac Solution
                                                    suggests, sticking a
                                                    Duffield bargepole
                                                    in there should
                                                    result in it being
                                                    walloped by the full
                                                    electron mass at
                                                    lightspeed from time
                                                    to time. Never
                                                    happens! All this
                                                    momentum is
                                                    perfectly masked.
                                                    One actually
                                                    observes the
                                                    electron as being
                                                    spread perfectly
                                                    smoothly, according
                                                    to the wave-function
                                                    envelope of
                                                    non-relativistic
                                                    quantum mechanics.
                                                    Intriguing isn’t it?</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">AK: Among
                                                    humans, certain
                                                    imaginary entities
                                                    have been discussed
                                                    so long and often,
                                                    that they are taken
                                                    for real.  Religion
                                                    provides copious
                                                    examples.  Getting
                                                    beyond the imaginary
                                                    world takes a
                                                    special discipline.
                                                     In my view,
                                                    momentum and energy
                                                    are right up there
                                                    with angels, devils,
                                                    saints and spirits
                                                    of many versions.
                                                     Useful, but just
                                                    conceptually so. </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"><font
                                                      color="0000FF">Could
                                                      not agree more. It
                                                      is fun to take on
                                                      differ<font
                                                        color="0000FF">en</font>t
                                                      base starting
                                                      points and look at
                                                      the possibilities.
                                                      We need to start
                                                      from multiple sets
                                                      of these
                                                      possibilities -
                                                      including that
                                                      space and time
                                                      themselves are
                                                      merely derived
                                                      from, for example,
                                                      inter-actions
                                                      which are (at
                                                      base) momentum
                                                      transfers. Why
                                                      not?</font></span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"> </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">In my view a
                                                    proper theory needs
                                                    to address the
                                                    fundaments of both
                                                    space and time AND
                                                    energy and momentum
                                                    (as well as a few
                                                    other things
                                                    besides). Also, as
                                                    an aside, in my
                                                    view, inverse time
                                                    IS more fundamental
                                                    then time – but a
                                                    proper discussion of
                                                    that is not amenable
                                                    to a few emails. So
                                                    - x(1/t) then rather
                                                    than x(t). Even then
                                                    – that would only be
                                                    the start of the
                                                    discussion of what
                                                    the true
                                                    fundamentals are… </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"> </p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">AK:
                                                     Consitency is not
                                                    just a matter of
                                                    reconciliation in
                                                    your (or mine or
                                                    whoever's) mind but
                                                    also with all the
                                                    other tradition
                                                    including
                                                    lexicographical,
                                                    scientific-cultural
                                                    and plane
                                                    historical. </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    color="0000FF"><span
                                                      style="font-size:
                                                      10.0pt;font-family:
                                                      Times;background:
                                                      white;">Oh no it
                                                      isn't. It is
                                                      simple to set up
                                                      many internally
                                                      self-consistent
                                                      systems. Most of
                                                      the historical
                                                      ones (including
                                                      much of the
                                                      presumptions on
                                                      different bits of
                                                      the internet), are
                                                      just plain silly.
                                                      The ultimate
                                                      question is, which
                                                      of these, if any
                                                      solves Hilbert's
                                                      sixth.  </span></font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">The term
                                                    "field" in physics
                                                    has a deep and
                                                    pervasive connection
                                                    with Maxwell and
                                                    ....   So, finally,
                                                    we are locked in to
                                                    positions that
                                                    cannot be
                                                    reinterpreted
                                                    without jumping
                                                    outside the box of
                                                    meaningful
                                                    communication. </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"><font
                                                      color="0000FF">Agreed
                                                      that this is hard.
                                                      We are, however,
                                                      pretty smart. It
                                                      should not be
                                                      beyond us.</font></span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">In my view
                                                    (in the humble
                                                    sense) "fields"
                                                    cannot be taken as
                                                    material entities,
                                                    rather only as
                                                    imaginary constructs
                                                    or stand in's for
                                                    something else,
                                                    which to me should
                                                    be the totality of
                                                    Gaussian
                                                    "interaction" with
                                                    other charges.</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">Let's try
                                                    then, for the sake
                                                    of communication, an
                                                    agreed ansatz
                                                    between you and I.
                                                    Fields are,
                                                    precisely, not
                                                    material. They are
                                                    everything that
                                                    "material" is not.</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"> </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">Coming to
                                                    the muon decay
                                                    experiments and time
                                                    dilation. Yes I can
                                                    help – a little at
                                                    least. The cosmic
                                                    ray muons were
                                                    suggestive of
                                                    relativistically
                                                    extended muon
                                                    lifetimes. I looked
                                                    at muons, with tens
                                                    of metres between
                                                    the beam momentum
                                                    station and the main
                                                    detector but not
                                                    with a view to
                                                    measuring muon
                                                    decay. The muon
                                                    lifetime is a couple
                                                    of microseconds –
                                                    but that is nearly a
                                                    kilometre at
                                                    lightspeed. Better
                                                    have been muon
                                                    storage ring
                                                    experiments. Muons
                                                    do live longer –
                                                    much longer –
                                                    perfectly
                                                    consistently with
                                                    relativity (Bailey
                                                    at al 1977). </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;">AK: I too know
                                                  the conventional
                                                  INTERPRETATION of muon
                                                  decay experiements.
                                                   So far so good, IF
                                                  all the inputs into
                                                  that interpretation
                                                  (especially the covert
                                                  or implicit ones) are
                                                  correct.  In view of
                                                  the rather abvious
                                                  contradictions in the
                                                  description of the
                                                  theoretical explantion
                                                  of these effects,
                                                  including the fact
                                                  that you and I and all
                                                  others are, relative
                                                  to the various cosmic
                                                  rays passing us by the
                                                  billions per
                                                  nanoscond,
                                                   Lorentz-FitzGearld
                                                  contracted to multiple
                                                  extents in every
                                                  dimention by presumed
                                                  relativistic
                                                  consequences on
                                                  molecular forces, etc.
                                                  etc.</p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    color="0000FF">No -
                                                    they do not
                                                    physically contract
                                                    us - and more than
                                                    we contract them. It
                                                    is only the <font
                                                      color="0000FF">fuidity
                                                      of space and time
                                                      required for the
                                                      linearity of field
                                                      and energy</font>.
                                                    The measurement of
                                                    space and time that
                                                    is affected. Nothing
                                                    material. One mans
                                                    space is another
                                                    mans time - and vice
                                                    versa. Has to be.
                                                    Other<font
                                                      color="0000FF">w</font>ise
                                                    fundamental currents
                                                    are not conserved
                                                    (most importantly
                                                    -energy!).</font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;">  After all
                                                  that squeezing,
                                                  wouldn't we be dried
                                                  up?  There's a better
                                                  explantion---we just
                                                  have to find it!</p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    color="0000FF">Indeed
                                                    - but the one you
                                                    sketch above is not
                                                    the conventional
                                                    explanation.</font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"> </p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;">  In
                                                  accelerator
                                                  experiments, could it
                                                  be that an incorrect
                                                  assumpton on the
                                                  location of the
                                                  generation of the
                                                  precursor pi's is in
                                                  play?  Can one
                                                  expclude the
                                                  possiblitiy that the
                                                  beam is making more
                                                  muons as it moves
                                                  along?  This is what I
                                                  think is happening in
                                                  the atomosphere, at
                                                  least.  (Here I don't
                                                  know if the
                                                  professional,
                                                  origional literature
                                                  correcty, or at all,
                                                  considers the
                                                  generation of muons at
                                                  lower altitudes---I do
                                                  know that the
                                                  discussions in texts
                                                  on SR don't even
                                                  mention the
                                                  possiblity.)</p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"> </p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    color="0000FF">No
                                                    Al, this CAN be
                                                    excluded. In bubble
                                                    chamber experiments
                                                    one sees both the
                                                    genesis and decay of
                                                    individual
                                                    particles. T<font
                                                      color="0000FF">h</font>e
                                                    whole life from
                                                    start to finish. No
                                                    room for any magic
                                                    appearance of extra
                                                    particles in
                                                    between. Forget
                                                    about it!</font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;">  BTW, the
                                                  maths for the
                                                  alternative
                                                  explanations could be
                                                  identical to that from
                                                  SR if exponentials,
                                                  i.e., effects
                                                  proportional to the
                                                  1st derivative, are in
                                                  play.  BTW(2), this
                                                  would offer another
                                                  good explantion for
                                                  the lack of evidence
                                                  for LF contraction.
                                                   It happens only to
                                                  VIRTUAL images of
                                                  things.</p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    color="0000FF">As I
                                                    said above, this is
                                                    indeed closer to the
                                                    conventional, as I
                                                    understand it, view.</font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"> </p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"> </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">What I HAVE
                                                    looked at are the<span> 
                                                    </span>(much shorter
                                                    lived) charged
                                                    particles such as
                                                    pions. These have a
                                                    lifetime of a 26
                                                    nanoseconds or so –
                                                    that’s about 26 feet
                                                    at lightspeed –
                                                    giving a probability
                                                    of free flight decay
                                                    to muons. Again –
                                                    one hundred percent
                                                    consistent with
                                                    relativity and the
                                                    slowing of clocks.
                                                    There is a HUGE
                                                    literature on this.
                                                    <span> </span>What
                                                    one observes is that
                                                    the straighter paths
                                                    in bubble chambers
                                                    go a lot further on
                                                    average) than the
                                                    very slightly curved
                                                    ones. Perfectly
                                                    consistently with
                                                    the time dilation in
                                                    relativity.</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"> </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">Good start
                                                    is (the references
                                                    from) <a
                                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation_of_moving_particles"
                                                      target="_blank">
                                                      <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation_of_moving_particles">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation_of_moving_particles</a></a>.
                                                    This does not mean,
                                                    of course, that this
                                                    is the only way to
                                                    explain this – but
                                                    it is certainly a
                                                    well-established
                                                    experimental
                                                    measurement that any
                                                    proper theory must
                                                    be consistent with.
                                                    One cannot brush it
                                                    away as never having
                                                    been measured.</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">AK:  It is
                                                    possible that the
                                                    measurements are
                                                    defectiive too, but
                                                    without doubt the
                                                    explantion of the
                                                    effect is AT LEAST
                                                    lexocographcally
                                                    nonsense.</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">I think
                                                    there is some truth
                                                    in this. I have been
                                                    looking at some of
                                                    the explanations on
                                                    the internet for
                                                    such things as the
                                                    Sagnac effect
                                                    (perfectly
                                                    consistent with SR -
                                                    though often argued
                                                    otherwise), the
                                                    Dingle syllogism
                                                    (reproduced below -
                                                    but way of the
                                                    point) and so on ...</span></p>
                                                The problem is that many
                                                writers on relativity
                                                simple do not get it
                                                themselves, yet try to
                                                "educate" others.
                                                Selleri, talking about
                                                Dingle - completely
                                                misses the point of the
                                                effect of acceleration
                                                on the change of
                                                reference frames.
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"> </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">Now coming
                                                    to fields and test
                                                    particles. You keep
                                                    saying that fields
                                                    are defined with
                                                    respect to
                                                    (infinitesimally
                                                    charged) test
                                                    particles. No they
                                                    are not. This is
                                                    just a textbook
                                                    analogy. As the
                                                    Irishman (standing
                                                    on the dry ground by
                                                    the bog) said to the
                                                    upper-class twit in
                                                    the slowly sinking
                                                    SUV, If you want to
                                                    get to (your
                                                    destination) you do
                                                    not want to start
                                                    from here.</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"> </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">Fields are
                                                    what they are –like
                                                    it or not –
                                                    understand it or
                                                    not. They exist
                                                    whether or not one
                                                    measures them,
                                                    either with a real
                                                    or an imaginary test
                                                    instrument. I think
                                                    there is a BIG
                                                    problem in the
                                                    definition and
                                                    understanding of
                                                    fields, but that
                                                    this is just not it.
                                                    The putative and
                                                    non-existent “test”
                                                    particle is just
                                                    what? A “source” of
                                                    field. One is trying
                                                    to define field by
                                                    imagining an
                                                    infinitesimal mass
                                                    with field coming
                                                    out of it. Get real!
                                                    This is not just a
                                                    circular argument –
                                                    it is a random wavy
                                                    line with
                                                    ill-defined ends (or
                                                    only one end!)
                                                    argument. It does
                                                    not get to the
                                                    point. More
                                                    precisely it
                                                    attempts to define-
                                                    absurdly – the point
                                                    origin of a
                                                    non-existent thing.
                                                    It is as bad as
                                                    taking a Duffield
                                                    bargepole (carefully
                                                    neutral except for
                                                    the “test charge”
                                                    stuck on its end) –
                                                    sticking this into
                                                    an exploding
                                                    whirlpool, detecting
                                                    the force and torque
                                                    on the other end and
                                                    ascribing the radial
                                                    to one mysterious
                                                    vector field and the
                                                    transverse to
                                                    another. <span> </span>I
                                                    remember meeting the
                                                    test charge analogy
                                                    for the first time,
                                                    at secondary school,
                                                    and, even then,
                                                    thinking “pardon?”
                                                    (in between playing
                                                    Stuart Smith at
                                                    chess at the back of
                                                    the class – wonder
                                                    what happened to
                                                    him?).</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"> </p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">AK: John, if
                                                    a "test particle" is
                                                    to see a field at
                                                    all, then it must
                                                    carry (be-?) a
                                                    charge.  Check any
                                                    history of the
                                                    E&M.  </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    color="0000FF"><span
                                                      style="font-size:
                                                      10.0pt;font-family:
                                                      Times;background:
                                                      white;">I know -
                                                      this is what I'm
                                                      saying. There may
                                                      be a history about
                                                      it - but there are
                                                      "histories" about
                                                      dragons too. Both
                                                      mythical. So what?</span></font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">Thus, if it
                                                    carries a charge,
                                                    them Maxwell's
                                                    equations say it
                                                    emits E&M
                                                    fields.  In view of
                                                    the fact that
                                                    "infinitesimal" test
                                                    charges are
                                                    obviously imaginary
                                                    constructs to bridge
                                                    the gap between
                                                    extent situations
                                                    and pure fields, one
                                                    has here an
                                                    infinitesimal
                                                    contradtion!  </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    color="0000FF"><span
                                                      style="font-size:
                                                      10.0pt;font-family:
                                                      Times;background:
                                                      white;">True!</span></font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">Better
                                                    analyze a toy
                                                    universe of two (2!)
                                                    point charges.  If
                                                    one seeks a closed
                                                    set of equations of
                                                    motion for this
                                                    universe, one gets a
                                                    set of equations in
                                                    which the E&M
                                                    fields have been
                                                    eliminated for
                                                    mathematical
                                                    redundancy (logical)
                                                    reasons. </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"><font
                                                      color="0000FF">See
                                                      what you mean but
                                                      do not agree. One
                                                      needs at least
                                                      enough degrees of
                                                      freedom to
                                                      describe the
                                                      retarded
                                                      potentials and
                                                      special
                                                      relativity. Fields
                                                      are an efficient
                                                      (though not the
                                                      only) way of doing
                                                      this.</font></span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">  This tells
                                                    those of us who at
                                                    least try to make
                                                    everything fit
                                                    together without
                                                    contradiction, that
                                                    fields as such are
                                                    superfluous.  It
                                                    does not seem likely
                                                    that if now one adds
                                                    a third charge to
                                                    the toy universe,
                                                    and then a 4th, etc.
                                                    that the situation
                                                    will somehow result
                                                    in magnificent
                                                    verification of
                                                    current physics
                                                    folklore! </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"><font
                                                      color="0000FF">Absolutely.
                                                      This is all silly.
                                                      Lets agree on that
                                                      and stop doing it!</font></span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">  </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">A “test
                                                    particle” is just a
                                                    thought construct. <span> </span>Not
                                                    only is there no
                                                    test particle, there
                                                    is no instrument to
                                                    measure the supposed
                                                    force that the field
                                                    would exert on such
                                                    a mythical object.
                                                    You are absolutely
                                                    right that this idea
                                                    is far too floppy
                                                    and ill-defined to
                                                    be considered
                                                    fundamental if that
                                                    is what you are
                                                    trying to say. For
                                                    me it is not, has
                                                    never been and will
                                                    never be the way I
                                                    think about fields.
                                                    I was nerdy enough
                                                    to look at fields in
                                                    terms of exploding
                                                    capacitors before
                                                    meeting them at
                                                    school – and lucky
                                                    enough to have a dad
                                                    (ref: Grahame
                                                    Williamson: private
                                                    communication) who
                                                    could explain
                                                    something of the
                                                    “why” (and why not!)
                                                    fairly early on.
                                                    Exploding capacitors
                                                    need no test
                                                    particle! Fields
                                                    are, in my present
                                                    view, more things
                                                    that are OF space
                                                    and time (and
                                                    energy) rather than
                                                    IN space and time. I
                                                    really ought to try
                                                    to write a paper
                                                    about this (oh – I
                                                    have – what was the
                                                    reference again –
                                                    SPIE 2015, FFP14,
                                                    MENDEL12,
                                                    CYBCOM08…).</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"> </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">There is no
                                                    such thing as a test
                                                    particle except as
                                                    concept in
                                                    (elementary) books.
                                                    I think the idea
                                                    that there may exist
                                                    a thing – the vector
                                                    electric field Exyz
                                                    (x,y,z,t) defined
                                                    microscopically at
                                                    each point in space
                                                    and time and with a
                                                    distinct direction
                                                    xyz misses the point
                                                    of their proper
                                                    origin and nature so
                                                    completely that it
                                                    is (pretty much)
                                                    completely absurd.
                                                    Such a notion is
                                                    both far too complex
                                                    (seven components)
                                                    and far too simple
                                                    (minded). The fact
                                                    that the notion (or
                                                    gross
                                                    over-simplifications
                                                    of it) is pretty
                                                    much universal in
                                                    starting textbooks
                                                    notwithstanding. <span> </span></span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">Really, a
                                                    proper definition of
                                                    the x component of
                                                    Electric field, both
                                                    in the proper maths
                                                    and in the
                                                    understanding of the
                                                    underlying physics
                                                    this represents,
                                                    must come from
                                                    understanding the
                                                    physical meaning of
                                                    the division of the
                                                    time component of
                                                    the
                                                    4-vector-potential
                                                    wave by a little bit
                                                    of space in the x
                                                    direction. Two base
                                                    components for a
                                                    stationary charge
                                                    (four if one
                                                    includes the
                                                    division of space by
                                                    time as separate –
                                                    only non-zero in
                                                    conventional
                                                    electromagnetism for
                                                    a moving charge
                                                    though), not seven!
                                                    The result, really,
                                                    a directed areal
                                                    component, not a
                                                    mere vector!<span> 
                                                    </span>Understanding
                                                    this is hard. Very
                                                    hard. Conceptually,
                                                    mind-blowingly hard.
                                                    Famously, Feynmann
                                                    himself did not get
                                                    it. Not even a bit!
                                                    That other clever
                                                    people did not get
                                                    it does not mean it
                                                    is not worth
                                                    thinking about! It
                                                    begs (at
                                                    least-depending how
                                                    you count them) two
                                                    questions
                                                    immediately of
                                                    course. Firstly,
                                                    what is a 4-vector
                                                    potential (or at
                                                    least- what is
                                                    charge?). Secondly:
                                                    what are space and
                                                    time? That is
                                                    getting down to
                                                    fundamentals. That
                                                    is what we need to
                                                    do – not mystify
                                                    ourselves and block
                                                    our own thought
                                                    processes by
                                                    starting from
                                                    somewhere silly. In
                                                    this you are
                                                    absolutely,
                                                    completely, one
                                                    hundred percent
                                                    (minus delta!)
                                                    correct! Good point!</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"> </p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">AK: Seems to
                                                    me that you are "in
                                                    the weeds" of some
                                                    fascinating
                                                    mathmatical
                                                    structure here (been
                                                    there, done
                                                    (something like)
                                                    that, too).
                                                     Instinct tells us,
                                                    that no amount of
                                                    rearranging of the
                                                    inappropriate inputs
                                                    gets out of the
                                                    "do-loop."  After
                                                    much waisted effort,
                                                    I now take it that,
                                                     the primative
                                                    elements cannot be
                                                    explained
                                                    logically---or by
                                                    mortals at all.  </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    color="0000FF"><span
                                                      style="font-size:
                                                      10.0pt;font-family:
                                                      Times;background:
                                                      white;">This may
                                                      be true - but I'm
                                                      still going to
                                                      have some fun
                                                      trying!</span></font></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">Space, time,
                                                    charge (or
                                                    equivalent, as yet
                                                    unidentified,
                                                    alternatives) are
                                                    likely optimum
                                                    choices.  The goal
                                                    of science then is
                                                    to find the
                                                    structure these
                                                    entities permit; by
                                                    formal logic, this
                                                    could be possible.
                                                    However, it is to my
                                                    best info, not
                                                    established that
                                                    this possiblity is
                                                    finite!</span><span
                                                    style="font-family:
                                                    Times;font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;line-height:
                                                    1.6em;">  Gödel
                                                    seems to say it
                                                    isn't! But he had
                                                    his troubles too!</span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-family:
                                                    Times;font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;line-height:
                                                    1.6em;"><font
                                                      color="0000FF">Godel
                                                      was derivative of
                                                      Wittgenstein.
                                                      Wittgenstien later
                                                      changed his mind.
                                                      I think there is
                                                      ultimate truth in
                                                      that <font
                                                        color="0000FF">the
                                                        very basics may
                                                        remain
                                                        un-encompassed.
                                                        The best one can
                                                        do is to fortly
                                                        get to the basi<font
                                                          color="0000FF">cs, </font>
                                                        then invent <font
                                                          color="0000FF">from
                                                          these </font>something
                                                        that describes
                                                        all of reality -
                                                        just and no
                                                        more. It is easy
                                                        to prove that
                                                        there is only
                                                        one such system
                                                        (if it exists at
                                                        all). That will
                                                        then solve
                                                        Hilbert<font
                                                          color="0000FF">'s
                                                          sixth and be
                                                          good enough <font
                                                          color="0000FF">for
                                                          me to die
                                                          happy.</font></font></font></font></span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"> </p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;">AK:  BTW(3)
                                                     None of my critical
                                                    stances are unique
                                                    or original to me.
                                                     There is an
                                                    extensive literature
                                                    on each of them too.
                                                     However, this
                                                    liteature does not
                                                    include resolutions.
                                                     Rather it
                                                    illustrates the
                                                    functioning of
                                                     group-think, the
                                                    main weapon of which
                                                    is to just ignore
                                                    the "misguided,
                                                    unwashed critic",
                                                     punctuated by a few
                                                    fires at some stake.
                                                     Fortunately, I
                                                    don't now have to
                                                    earn a living at
                                                    this.   </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"><font
                                                      color="0000FF">Hihi.
                                                      My current
                                                      position at least
                                                      has no historical
                                                      position of which
                                                      I am aware.
                                                      Whether this is a
                                                      step beyond or
                                                      beside the point
                                                      of progress
                                                      remains to be
                                                      seen. </font></span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    10.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Times;background:
                                                    white;"> </span></p>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="font-family:
                                                  Tahoma;background-color:
                                                  white;"><font
                                                    color="0000FF"><span
                                                      style="font-size:
                                                      10.0pt;font-family:
                                                      Times;background:
                                                      white;">Regards,
                                                      John.</span></font></p>
                                                <div style="font-family:
                                                  "Times New
                                                  Roman";color:
                                                  rgb(0,0,0);font-size:
                                                  16.0px;">
                                                  <hr>
                                                  <div id="divRpF172445"
                                                    style="direction:
                                                    ltr;"><font size="2"
                                                      color="#000000"
                                                      face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
                                                      General [<a
                                                        moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>]
                                                      on behalf of A. F.
                                                      Kracklauer [<a
                                                        moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a>]<br>
                                                      <b>Sent:</b>
                                                      Wednesday, October
                                                      07, 2015 8:09 PM<br>
                                                      <b>To:</b> Nature
                                                      of Light and
                                                      Particles -
                                                      General Discussion<br>
                                                      <b>Subject:</b>
                                                      Re: [General]
                                                      nature of light
                                                      particles &
                                                      theories</font><br>
                                                     </div>
                                                  <div> </div>
                                                  <div>Hi John:<br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    Business before
                                                    pleasure:  regarding
                                                    a visit here, that
                                                    is of course
                                                    possible, although I
                                                    don't now know when
                                                    we might be spending
                                                    time in Karlsruhe
                                                    where our son lives
                                                    with family.  And,
                                                    Weimar is
                                                    inconveniently far
                                                    from Brussels, etc.
                                                    (ca. 5-6 hours on
                                                    the Autobahn or
                                                    train (waiting time
                                                    included) etc. to be
                                                    undertaken by busy
                                                    folks with more on
                                                    their plate than
                                                    socializing. <br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    Professionally
                                                    useful opportunities
                                                    in this area that
                                                    I'm aware of include
                                                    Klaus Gürlebeck here
                                                    in Weimar---deep
                                                    into the math
                                                    extending Clifford
                                                    Algebras, etc. and
                                                    the Uni in Jena. 
                                                    Unfortunately, after
                                                    the incorporation of
                                                    that uni into the
                                                    West German system,
                                                    they have become
                                                    hyper conscious of
                                                    their vulnerability
                                                    to association with
                                                    "quacks" who
                                                    question orthodoxy,
                                                    etc. I.e., my
                                                    contacts there a
                                                    null in spite of the
                                                    convenience (ca. 20
                                                    KM). Moreover, I'm
                                                    unaware that any
                                                    high energy work
                                                    goes on there,
                                                    mostly optics and
                                                    related areas
                                                    (Zeitz' optics for
                                                    Soviet spy
                                                    satellites were made
                                                    in Jena 30 years
                                                    ago).  However,
                                                    Leipzig is not far,
                                                    if you have any
                                                    interest in what
                                                    might be there. <br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    In response to
                                                    points made below: 
                                                    that fields are
                                                    defined in terms of
                                                    their effect on
                                                    nonexistent
                                                    entities, to my
                                                    mind, doubles the
                                                    reason to regard
                                                    them as fictitious. <br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    Energy and momentum
                                                    cannot be directly
                                                    measured.  In stead
                                                    x(t) (in one form or
                                                    another) is measured
                                                    and E and m
                                                    calculated
                                                    therefrom. 
                                                    Write-ups
                                                    notwithstanding,
                                                    sometimes the
                                                    calculation is done
                                                    by the measuring
                                                    device manufacturer
                                                    and the units on the
                                                    dial are in terms of
                                                    E or whatever, but
                                                    when considered
                                                    seriously, it always
                                                    reduces to x(t).<br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    "Photons" are (parts
                                                    of) quantized
                                                    fields.  Again, this
                                                    doubles the troubles
                                                    of using them for
                                                    the primative
                                                    elements of a
                                                    theory.  Might still
                                                    be workable, but at
                                                    a minimum new words
                                                    and ideas are needed
                                                    to avoid a castle in
                                                    the sky for which
                                                    dimensional still
                                                    unfolds without
                                                    inconsistency.  Your
                                                    98 paper was a fun
                                                    and clear read, but
                                                    still I couldn't
                                                    jump on that band
                                                    wagon for the
                                                    reasons I mentioned.<br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    Regarding other
                                                    possible
                                                    collaboration, about
                                                    all I can imagine
                                                    that I could
                                                    contribute to your
                                                    line of work might
                                                    be some
                                                    philosophical stuff
                                                    in introductions. 
                                                    There is one issue,
                                                    however, where you
                                                    might be in position
                                                    to really help me
                                                    with a project I'm
                                                    preparing for.  It
                                                    is this: all the
                                                    text book
                                                    presentations of the
                                                    muon decay proof of
                                                    time dilation seem
                                                    to consider that all
                                                    the pi's to muons
                                                    are generated at
                                                    high altitude. 
                                                    However, ray cosmic
                                                    rays, H+, He+ and
                                                    higher reach the
                                                    surface of the earth
                                                    too. Thus, some
                                                    survive into lower
                                                    altitudes where they
                                                    also would initiate
                                                    the
                                                    pi->muon->electron
                                                    cascade exploited in
                                                    the experiments. 
                                                    That is, there is
                                                    good reason to
                                                    expect evidence of
                                                    muons all the way to
                                                    the ground utterly
                                                    without time
                                                    dilation. I'm
                                                    ginning up to do a
                                                    calculation based on
                                                    reasonable
                                                    assumptions about
                                                    the nuclear
                                                    chemistry in the
                                                    atmosphere (where I
                                                    would profit from
                                                    knowledgeable
                                                    friends) BTW, I
                                                    regard both
                                                    Lorentz-Fitzgerald
                                                    contraction and time
                                                    dilation as
                                                    perspective effects:
                                                    no actual
                                                    modification of
                                                    extensions or
                                                    intervals actually
                                                    occurs, rather the
                                                    projection onto an
                                                    observers "eyes" is
                                                    modified just as in
                                                    classical optics. <br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    So, in the mean
                                                    time, best regards, 
                                                    Al<br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    <br>
                                                     
                                                    <div
                                                      class="moz-cite-prefix">On
                                                      30.09.2015 06:48,
                                                      John Williamson
                                                      wrote:</div>
                                                    <blockquote>
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                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>Hello
                                                          Al,</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>Thanks
                                                          for your
                                                          well-considered
                                                          reply.</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>This
                                                          picks up on an
                                                          unfinished
                                                          conversation
                                                          in San Diego,
                                                          in the early
                                                          hours in the
                                                          bar at Hotel
                                                          Solamar,
                                                          between you
                                                          and me and a
                                                          few others on
                                                          the
                                                          ontological
                                                          basis of
                                                          reality. You
                                                          were saying
                                                          some very
                                                          interesting
                                                          things, but we
                                                          had
                                                          distraction
                                                          from others,
                                                          ran out of
                                                          time and we
                                                          were both, by
                                                          then, a little
                                                          the worse for
                                                          wear. My
                                                          feeling is
                                                          that you went
                                                          pretty deep –
                                                          but not yet
                                                          quite deep
                                                          enough. You
                                                          and me both!
                                                          Perhaps we can
                                                          help one
                                                          another.</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>I
                                                          take your
                                                          point about
                                                          the
                                                          hypothetical
                                                          “charged test
                                                          particle”
                                                          beloved of
                                                          text books.
                                                          Unfortunately,
                                                          no such
                                                          particle
                                                          exists with
                                                          which to probe
                                                          stuff. The
                                                          lightest
                                                          stable
                                                          particle we
                                                          have is the
                                                          electron, the
                                                          smallest the
                                                          proton. Muons
                                                          are useful in
                                                          that they are
                                                          far smaller
                                                          than the
                                                          electron, long
                                                          lived enough
                                                          to be useful
                                                          and far
                                                          simpler than
                                                          the proton. It
                                                          was fun
                                                          playing with
                                                          200 GeV muons
                                                          in my youth –
                                                          but that does
                                                          not give all
                                                          the answers
                                                          either as one
                                                          remains a
                                                          monkey –
                                                          essentially
                                                          banging the
                                                          rocks together
                                                          and going
                                                          OOOH! at
                                                          whatever comes
                                                          out.</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>I
                                                          like your
                                                          argument about
                                                          the
                                                          ontological
                                                          basis being of
                                                          (as I
                                                          understood it
                                                          late that
                                                          night<span>  </span>–
                                                          though forgive
                                                          me if this is
                                                          far too
                                                          simple)
                                                          trajectories
                                                          in space
                                                          through time
                                                          and I think
                                                          one can,
                                                          indeed, get a
                                                          long way
                                                          thinking from
                                                          this basis.
                                                          Unfortunately,
                                                          in experiment,
                                                          it is usually
                                                          energy and
                                                          momentum that
                                                          one measures
                                                          directly and
                                                          not (the
                                                          conjugate
                                                          variables)
                                                          space and
                                                          time. One
                                                          knows the
                                                          energy (and
                                                          momentum) of a
                                                          photon fairly
                                                          precisely, but
                                                          have
                                                          correspondingly
                                                          far less
                                                          information
                                                          about its time
                                                          (and
                                                          position). Yo
                                                          – that photon
                                                          hit me – it
                                                          was blue and
                                                          it came from
                                                          that
                                                          direction.
                                                          Likewise, in a
                                                          high energy
                                                          scattering
                                                          experiment,
                                                          one gets the
                                                          energy and
                                                          momentum of
                                                          all the
                                                          particles
                                                          pretty
                                                          precisely,
                                                          that the
                                                          interaction
                                                          was point-like
                                                          down to
                                                          10-18m, but
                                                          one (even with
                                                          the best
                                                          photographic
                                                          emulsions)
                                                          only gets the
                                                          position to
                                                          within a
                                                          micron or so.
                                                          This is 36
                                                          orders of
                                                          magnitude of
                                                          uncertainty in
                                                          a volume!. Not
                                                          good for
                                                          fixing a
                                                          trajectory!</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>Coming
                                                          back to
                                                          theory. I
                                                          could not
                                                          agree more
                                                          with - “why
                                                          fix the roof
                                                          if the
                                                          foundation is
                                                          crumbling?”.
                                                          This is
                                                          exactly the
                                                          point. Indeed,
                                                          the discussion
                                                          in our 1997
                                                          paper does not
                                                          go nearly far
                                                          enough. This
                                                          work is,
                                                          however,
                                                          nearly two
                                                          decades ago.
                                                          We have moved
                                                          on a long way
                                                          since then. I
                                                          am still proud
                                                          of it, but it
                                                          is certainly
                                                          not the whole
                                                          story. </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>In
                                                          that work the
                                                          basis was not
                                                          fields as you
                                                          suggest,
                                                          however, but
                                                          rather,
                                                          starting from
                                                          our best view
                                                          then of the
                                                          “photon”, the
                                                          “what if” of
                                                          considering
                                                          the electron
                                                          as a (self)
                                                          localised
                                                          photon. <span> </span>Fields
                                                          are far more
                                                          complex than
                                                          space and time
                                                          themselves and
                                                          famously hard
                                                          to understand.
                                                          No wonder: who
                                                          really
                                                          understands
                                                          even just
                                                          space and
                                                          time? </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>The
                                                          1997 paper
                                                          even if
                                                          “correct” in
                                                          principle
                                                          within its
                                                          starting
                                                          framework,
                                                          immediately
                                                          begs the
                                                          question of
                                                          “what is a
                                                          photon?. A
                                                          question
                                                          Chandra, you
                                                          and all of you
                                                          have been
                                                          discussing for
                                                          a decade or
                                                          more in this
                                                          series. Of
                                                          course it
                                                          works:
                                                          electron-positron
                                                          pairs do
                                                          annihilate
                                                          experimentally
                                                          into photons
                                                          and the
                                                          numbers must
                                                          match up even
                                                          if the
                                                          theories are
                                                          incapable of
                                                          describing the
                                                          continuous
                                                          transformation
                                                          properties of
                                                          one into the
                                                          other. The
                                                          challenge is
                                                          to a) realise
                                                          that light and
                                                          matter are
                                                          fundamentally
                                                          the same thing
                                                          and b)<span> 
                                                          </span>get to
                                                          an
                                                          over-arching
                                                          theory
                                                          describing
                                                          both properly.</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span><span> </span>Even
                                                          if we do get
                                                          the photon,
                                                          for example,
                                                          in terms of
                                                          the fields,
                                                          this will
                                                          still leave
                                                          the question
                                                          of “what are
                                                          the fields?”,
                                                          as you so
                                                          correctly
                                                          point out. It
                                                          is, perhaps,
                                                          the reason
                                                          that our
                                                          earlier paper
                                                          has “only” 39
                                                          citations (on
                                                          Google
                                                          scholar), as
                                                          opposed to
                                                          more than
                                                          thousands in
                                                          my most cited
                                                          papers in the
                                                          other two
                                                          fields in
                                                          which I have
                                                          worked
                                                          professionally.
                                                          Too many loose
                                                          ends. It just
                                                          does not go
                                                          far enough
                                                          into the
                                                          basis. I think
                                                          that,
                                                          fundamentally,
                                                          as you, Chip
                                                          and Viv have
                                                          argued
                                                          (amongst
                                                          others –
                                                          myself and
                                                          Martin
                                                          included) it
                                                          will need to
                                                          be understood
                                                          in terms of
                                                          (at least
                                                          projections
                                                          onto) the four
                                                          dimensions of
                                                          space and
                                                          time. The
                                                          question then
                                                          comes down to
                                                          us, creatures
                                                          imbedded in
                                                          that space and
                                                          time, to try
                                                          to understand
                                                          the framework
                                                          in which we
                                                          exist. This is
                                                          well-known to
                                                          be
                                                          problematical
                                                          philosophically
                                                          (Witgensteion,
                                                          Godel etc..)
                                                          but what can
                                                          you do? We are
                                                          stuck where we
                                                          are and must
                                                          make the best
                                                          of it! </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>My<a
moz-do-not-send="true" name="_GoBack"></a> SPIE papers try to address
                                                          this by
                                                          proposing (as
                                                          is
                                                          conventional)
                                                          that the
                                                          fields are
                                                          derivatives of
                                                          some aspect of
                                                          space with
                                                          respect to
                                                          time (and vice
                                                          versa). This
                                                          is at a level
                                                          more
                                                          fundamental
                                                          then even
                                                          space and time
                                                          by themselves:
                                                          it leaves the
                                                          question of
                                                          what the
                                                          derivatives in
                                                          the
                                                          mathematics
                                                          represent in
                                                          reality. These
                                                          are, as
                                                          expressed in
                                                          the
                                                          mathematics, a
                                                          division of a
                                                          little bit of
                                                          a quantity in
                                                          space by a
                                                          little bit of
                                                          a quantity of
                                                          time (or
                                                          vice-versa).
                                                          Note carefully
                                                          the “in” and
                                                          the “of” in
                                                          the last
                                                          sentence. For
                                                          example the
                                                          electric field
                                                          E = dA/dt,
                                                          where A is the
                                                          vector
                                                          potential. So
                                                          then: what is
                                                          the vector
                                                          potential?<span> 
                                                          </span>Now I
                                                          have (not very
                                                          good) papers
                                                          on the
                                                          measurement of
                                                          the physical
                                                          effect of the
                                                          vector
                                                          potential
                                                          (Loosdrecht
                                                          first author
                                                          if you want to
                                                          look them up –
                                                          but there are
                                                          better papers
                                                          out there) but
                                                          what is the
                                                          vector
                                                          potential,
                                                          really,
                                                          physically?
                                                          For Maxwell,
                                                          it was the
                                                          same physical
                                                          thing as the
                                                          (continuous)
                                                          current, in
                                                          the same way
                                                          that the
                                                          Electric field
                                                          and Electric
                                                          displacement
                                                          are
                                                          representations
                                                          of the same
                                                          thing in free
                                                          space (see his
                                                          textbook,
                                                          whose original
                                                          version
                                                          predates the
                                                          discovery of
                                                          the electron).
                                                          A better
                                                          representation
                                                          these days
                                                          would be the
                                                          4-vector
                                                          potential and
                                                          the 4-current
                                                          density
                                                          (charge and
                                                          3-current
                                                          density). Even
                                                          if these are
                                                          equated and
                                                          understood as
                                                          continuous
                                                          underlying
                                                          quantities the
                                                          problem is
                                                          then: why is
                                                          charge (or A0)
                                                          quantised in
                                                          physical
                                                          “particles”
                                                          such as the
                                                          electron. For
                                                          me, the answer
                                                          to this is
                                                          sketched in
                                                          the two papers
                                                          to SPIE to be
                                                          read together
                                                          with Martin
                                                          and my 1997
                                                          paper.
                                                          Briefly: light
                                                          is quantised
                                                          because
                                                          otherwise it
                                                          does not
                                                          propagate.
                                                          Charge is then
                                                          quantised
                                                          because it is
                                                          then (self)
                                                          localised
                                                          circulating
                                                          light plus
                                                          mass – and one
                                                          can then (with
                                                          proper
                                                          modelling)
                                                          calculate the
                                                          charge. I’m
                                                          not going to
                                                          attempt to
                                                          repeat these
                                                          arguments here
                                                          as they are
                                                          far better
                                                          explained in
                                                          those three
                                                          papers.</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>This
                                                          is all very
                                                          well but there
                                                          remain (at
                                                          least) two
                                                          problems.
                                                          Firstly, what
                                                          does it mean
                                                          physically to
                                                          divide one
                                                          part of a
                                                          four-vector by
                                                          another part
                                                          of the same
                                                          four-vector
                                                          (as in the
                                                          mathematical
                                                          definition of
                                                          “field”).
                                                          Secondly, what
                                                          is “division”
                                                          in this
                                                          context
                                                          anyway? Every
                                                          (human) monkey
                                                          thinks they
                                                          know what
                                                          “division” is
                                                          – but most
                                                          monkeys do not
                                                          go beyond a
                                                          proper
                                                          understanding
                                                          of the
                                                          division of
                                                          mere numbers.
                                                          This is what I
                                                          would call
                                                          “arithmetic”.
                                                          One needs to
                                                          understand the
                                                          electr-on the
                                                          prot-on and
                                                          the divisi-on.
                                                          All are hard!</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>Now
                                                          Martin and
                                                          wrote a paper
                                                          initially
                                                          entitled “On
                                                          division and
                                                          the algebra of
                                                          reality” about
                                                          a decade ago.
                                                          We made two or
                                                          three attempts
                                                          to get it
                                                          published –
                                                          but it was
                                                          rejected on
                                                          such grounds
                                                          as “there is
                                                          no conceivable
                                                          application in
                                                          physics”. By
                                                          the time this
                                                          was over we
                                                          had moved on
                                                          to other
                                                          things, though
                                                          the paper has
                                                          a few
                                                          citations
                                                          (don’t know
                                                          how – it is
                                                          not out
                                                          there!). This
                                                          may be a
                                                          topic, if we
                                                          do not get it
                                                          anywhere else,
                                                          for SPIE in
                                                          two years
                                                          time.</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>Coming
                                                          back to
                                                          following
                                                          science. I
                                                          have, like you
                                                          for me, not
                                                          delved as
                                                          deeply into
                                                          your papers as
                                                          they should
                                                          merit. The
                                                          papers of
                                                          yours I have
                                                          read, however,
                                                          I have
                                                          thoroughly
                                                          enjoyed. I
                                                          think it would
                                                          be good to
                                                          continue this
                                                          conversation
                                                          and see where
                                                          it gets us.
                                                          For that we
                                                          need some
                                                          proper time.
                                                          In the second
                                                          half of
                                                          November and
                                                          the first two
                                                          thirds of
                                                          December I can
                                                          travel. I
                                                          would like to
                                                          spend some of
                                                          this visiting
                                                          Martin for one
                                                          of our
                                                          sessions, and
                                                          Tony Booth
                                                          (who is based
                                                          in Brussels).
                                                          During this it
                                                          would be good
                                                          to arrange
                                                          talks in the
                                                          vicinity at
                                                          some of the
                                                          Dutch, Belgian
                                                          and German
                                                          Universities.
                                                          Any chance I
                                                          can spend a
                                                          few days with
                                                          you, or in the
                                                          vicinity?</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>Gotta
                                                          go – get ready
                                                          to get to work
                                                          …</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>Cheers
                                                          for now,</span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
                                                          style="margin-bottom:
                                                          0.0cm;"><span>John
                                                          W.</span></p>
                                                        <div
                                                          style="font-family:
                                                          Times New
                                                          Roman;color:
                                                          rgb(0,0,0);font-size:
                                                          16.0px;">
                                                          <hr>
                                                          <div
                                                          id="divRpF657324"
                                                          style="direction:
                                                          ltr;"><font
                                                          size="2"
                                                          color="#000000"
                                                          face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
                                                          General [<a
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>]
                                                          on behalf of
                                                          John
                                                          Williamson [<a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk">John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk</a></a>]<br>
                                                          <b>Sent:</b>
                                                          Wednesday,
                                                          September 30,
                                                          2015 2:02 AM<br>
                                                          <b>To:</b>
                                                          Nature of
                                                          Light and
                                                          Particles -
                                                          General
                                                          Discussion<br>
                                                          <b>Subject:</b>
                                                          Re: [General]
                                                          nature of
                                                          light
                                                          particles
                                                          & theories</font><br>
                                                           </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="direction:
                                                          ltr;font-family:
                                                          Tahoma;color:
                                                          rgb(0,0,0);font-size:
                                                          10.0pt;">Haha
                                                          .. good
                                                          analogy John.
                                                          I am having a
                                                          very good
                                                          laugh here!
                                                          May I use this
                                                          one?<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          Regards, John.
                                                          <div
                                                          style="font-family:
                                                          Times New
                                                          Roman;color:
                                                          rgb(0,0,0);font-size:
                                                          16.0px;">
                                                          <hr>
                                                          <div
                                                          id="divRpF509836"
                                                          style="direction:
                                                          ltr;"><font
                                                          size="2"
                                                          color="#000000"
                                                          face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
                                                          General [<a
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>]
                                                          on behalf of
                                                          John Duffield
                                                          [<a
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:johnduffield@btconnect.com">johnduffield@btconnect.com</a></a>]<br>
                                                          <b>Sent:</b>
                                                          Tuesday,
                                                          September 29,
                                                          2015 7:52 PM<br>
                                                          <b>To:</b>
                                                          'Nature of
                                                          Light and
                                                          Particles -
                                                          General
                                                          Discussion'<br>
                                                          <b>Subject:</b>
                                                          Re: [General]
                                                          nature of
                                                          light
                                                          particles
                                                          & theories</font><br>
                                                           </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          class="WordSection1">
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;color:
rgb(31,73,125);">Al:</span></p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;color:
rgb(31,73,125);"> </span></p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;color:
rgb(31,73,125);">I recommend you read <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/68152826/On-Vortex-Particles-Fiasco-Press-Journal-of-Swarm-Scholarship#scribd"
target="_blank"> On Vortex Particles</a> by David St John. </span></p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;color:
rgb(31,73,125);"> </span></p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;color:
rgb(31,73,125);">IMHO those electron size experiments are something like
                                                          hanging out of
                                                          a helicopter,
                                                          probing a
                                                          whirlpool with
                                                          a bargepole,
                                                          and then
                                                          saying <i>I
                                                          can’t feel the
                                                          billiard ball,
                                                          it must be
                                                          really small.
                                                           </i></span></p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;color:
rgb(31,73,125);"> </span></p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;color:
rgb(31,73,125);">Regards</span></p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;color:
rgb(31,73,125);">John D</span></p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;color:
rgb(31,73,125);"> </span></p>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="border:
                                                          none;border-top:
                                                          solid
                                                          rgb(225,225,225)
                                                          1.0pt;padding:
                                                          3.0pt 0.0cm
                                                          0.0cm 0.0cm;">
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          11.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Calibri ,
                                                          sans-serif;">
                                                          General [<a
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>]<b>On
                                                          Behalf Of </b><a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a><br>
                                                          <b>Sent:</b>
                                                          29 September
                                                          2015 17:51<br>
                                                          <b>To:</b>
                                                          Nature of
                                                          Light and
                                                          Particles -
                                                          General
                                                          Discussion <a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E">
                                                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org></a></a><br>
                                                          <b>Subject:</b>
                                                          [General]
                                                          nature of
                                                          light
                                                          particles
                                                          & theories</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Hi
                                                          John:</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Only
                                                          my "non
                                                          expertise" in
                                                          HEP mathches
                                                          your
                                                          espertise.  In
                                                          my
                                                          professional
                                                          progression I
                                                          have been
                                                          captured by
                                                          the "building
                                                          block"
                                                          principle: why
                                                          fix the roof
                                                          if the
                                                          foundation is
                                                          crumbling?
                                                           This has
                                                          constrained me
                                                          to focusing on
                                                          QM and SR.
                                                           Anyway, I'm
                                                          frequently
                                                          surprised by
                                                          how far what I
                                                          have learned
                                                          there takes me
                                                          even in HEP
                                                          (now and
                                                          then).</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">It
                                                          turns out that
                                                          someone posted
                                                          the 97 paper
                                                          Mark cited;
                                                          too convenient
                                                          to pass up, I
                                                          took a look.
                                                           Turns out I
                                                          recognized it,
                                                          I had read at
                                                          it perhaps 10
                                                          years ago.
                                                           Then, as
                                                          again now, I
                                                          found the idea
                                                          of building
                                                          the electron
                                                          out of fields
                                                          (a beloved
                                                          idea for
                                                          Einstein)
                                                          flawed (in my
                                                          view) the way
                                                          certain
                                                          concepts
                                                          current in QM
                                                          are.  In
                                                          short:  fields
                                                          are defined in
                                                          terms of their
                                                          inferred
                                                          effect on
                                                          infinitesimal
                                                          "test
                                                          charges."
                                                           Without them,
                                                          and the source
                                                          charges, the
                                                          current and
                                                          charge in
                                                          Maxwell's eqs.
                                                          are zero and
                                                          so then the
                                                          fields too.
                                                           Thus, one is
                                                          straightaway
                                                          in a circular
                                                          ...   This is
                                                          at least a
                                                          serious
                                                          lexicographical
                                                          problem---minimally
                                                          we need a new
                                                          word,
                                                          "E&B-fields"
                                                          wont do.  </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Doesn't
                                                          the term a
                                                          "charged"
                                                          photon
                                                          (itself, un-
                                                          or precharged,
                                                          an
                                                          inconsistently
                                                          defined
                                                          entity!)  gets
                                                          us even deeper
                                                          into a
                                                          linguistic
                                                          black hole?
                                                           Spin too, is
                                                          another
                                                          troubled
                                                          notion; there
                                                          is absolutely
                                                          no evidence
                                                          that any
                                                          entity is (or
                                                          has) spinning
                                                          outside of a
                                                          magnetic
                                                          field.  Point
                                                          charges can't
                                                          spin but they
                                                          can gyrate; so
                                                          if they do, as
                                                          they must (per
                                                          classical
                                                          E&M), in a
                                                          B/H field ... </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">So
                                                          why does it
                                                          (your 97
                                                          electron
                                                          model) work so
                                                          well?  I don't
                                                          know, and
                                                          can't take the
                                                          time to figure
                                                          it out without
                                                          cutting into
                                                          my current
                                                          projects, but
                                                          one has to
                                                          recognize the
                                                          possiblity
                                                          that it is the
                                                          inevitable
                                                          consequence of
                                                          a fortuotous
                                                          choice of
                                                          inputs, then,
                                                          by the sort of
                                                          logic
                                                          exploited by
                                                          dimensional
                                                          analysis,
                                                          every thing
                                                          else just
                                                          follows.
                                                           Another
                                                          factor perhaps
                                                          in play here
                                                          is a sort of
                                                          dualism
                                                          between
                                                          particless and
                                                          fields, much
                                                          like that
                                                          between lines
                                                          and planes in
                                                          projective
                                                          geometry.  If
                                                          sheaths of
                                                          particle
                                                          trajecotiries
                                                          are dual to
                                                          particle
                                                          motion, then
                                                          fields (i.e.,
                                                          eviserated
                                                          orbit
                                                          patterns)
                                                          capture the
                                                          motion of the
                                                          true
                                                          ontological
                                                          primative
                                                          elements:
                                                          particles.
                                                           This sort of
                                                          concept at
                                                          least breaks
                                                          out of the
                                                          "circle".  </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Regarding
                                                          scattering,
                                                          the issue
                                                          motivating my
                                                          injection to
                                                          begin with;
                                                          clearly a
                                                          static point
                                                          charge will
                                                          look like a
                                                          point charge.
                                                           But, what
                                                          bugs me, is
                                                          that if the
                                                          point target
                                                          is moving
                                                          uncontrollably
                                                          and
                                                          unknowably,
                                                          but confined
                                                          (basically) to
                                                          a certain
                                                          region,is it
                                                          not possible,
                                                          enevitable
                                                          actually, that
                                                          the scattering
                                                          (statistically
                                                          over many
                                                          repeats) will
                                                          evidence
                                                          something of
                                                          the "internal
                                                          structure" of
                                                          the
                                                          uncontrolable
                                                          motion, thus,
                                                          for example,
                                                          preventing the
                                                          "resolution"
                                                          of impuned
                                                          internal
                                                          structure.
                                                           This would
                                                          seem to me to
                                                          lead to much
                                                          confusion or
                                                          mushy talk.
                                                           Not so?  Some
                                                          of the
                                                          liguistic
                                                          dressing to
                                                          various
                                                          fundamental
                                                          theories in
                                                          physics these
                                                          days, seems to
                                                          me to actually
                                                          be compatible
                                                          with the
                                                          imagery I'm
                                                          suggesting,
                                                          but never
                                                          quite gat
                                                          around to
                                                          saying it
                                                          clearly and
                                                          explicitly---another
                                                          large part of
                                                          my motivation
                                                          for responding
                                                          to Mark's shot
                                                          at Albrecht's
                                                          doublets.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Zitter
                                                          forces: One
                                                          fact,
                                                          experimentally
                                                          established as
                                                          well as
                                                          anything in
                                                          physics, is
                                                          that a charge
                                                          is, as
                                                          described by
                                                          Gauss's Law,
                                                          in interaction
                                                          with every
                                                          other charge
                                                          in the
                                                          universe, and,
                                                          insofar as
                                                          Gauss's Law
                                                          has no "pause
                                                          button," has
                                                          been so since
                                                          the big bang
                                                          (modulao ntis)
                                                          and will
                                                          remain so
                                                          until the big
                                                          crunch.  While
                                                          many exterior
                                                          charges are
                                                          far away and
                                                          reduced by
                                                          1/r^2, etc.
                                                          they add up
                                                          and there are
                                                          quite a number
                                                          of them!
                                                           Thus, no
                                                          electron, per
                                                          John Dunn, is
                                                          an island.  In
                                                          consequence,
                                                          it zitters!
                                                           Like the rest
                                                          of us.
                                                           Further, how
                                                          would one
                                                          "see" this
                                                          scale of
                                                          motion as such
                                                          in a
                                                          scattering
                                                          experiment?
                                                           Maybe it is
                                                          beinng seen,
                                                          it's the foggy
                                                          structure
                                                          preventing
                                                          resolution of
                                                          the imagined
                                                          internals.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Maybe
                                                          we are well
                                                          advised not to
                                                          write off
                                                          Albrecht's
                                                          duals, even if
                                                          he himself has
                                                          little to say
                                                          regarding
                                                          their origin.
                                                           Obviously,
                                                          breaking up a
                                                          single charge
                                                          via
                                                          scattering-type
                                                          experiments
                                                          cannot eject a
                                                          virtual
                                                          particle.  It
                                                          wouldn't
                                                          acutally
                                                          exist, it
                                                          would be a
                                                          stand-in for
                                                          the effect of
                                                          polarization
                                                          of the remaing
                                                          universe,
                                                          moreover, as
                                                          it all zitters
                                                          to and fro.  
                                                          So far, I see
                                                          no objection
                                                          here expcept
                                                          that this
                                                          notion is not
                                                          kosher
                                                          sociologically!
                                                           Fatal in
                                                          career terms,
                                                          but not
                                                          logically.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Enough
                                                          for the
                                                          moment,  Best
                                                          regards,   Al</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
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                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
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                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
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                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
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                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
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                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">  </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> 
                                                          </span></p>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin-left:
                                                          7.5pt;">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><strong><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Gesendet:</span></strong><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> Dienstag,
                                                          29. September
                                                          2015 um 10:52
                                                          Uhr<br>
                                                          <strong><span
                                                          style="font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Von:</span></strong> "John
                                                          Williamson"
                                                          <<a
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk">John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk</a></a>><br>
                                                          <strong><span
                                                          style="font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">An:</span></strong> "<a
moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de">phys@a-giese.de</a></a>" <<a
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de">phys@a-giese.de</a></a>>,
                                                          "Nature of
                                                          Light and
                                                          Particles -
                                                          General
                                                          Discussion"
                                                          <<a
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>>,
                                                          "Richard
                                                          Gauthier" <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com">richgauthier@gmail.com</a></a>><br>
                                                          <strong><span
                                                          style="font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Cc:</span></strong> "Joakim
                                                          Pettersson"
                                                          <<a
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:joakimbits@gmail.com">joakimbits@gmail.com</a></a>>,
                                                          "Ariane
                                                          Mandray" <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:ariane.mandray@wanadoo.fr">ariane.mandray@wanadoo.fr</a></a>>, "Anthony
                                                          Booth" <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:abooth@ieee.org">abooth@ieee.org</a></a>><br>
                                                          <strong><span
                                                          style="font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Betreff:</span></strong> Re:
                                                          [General]
                                                          research
                                                          papers</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Dear
                                                          everyone
                                                          especially Al,
                                                          Albrecht and
                                                          Richard,</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">I
                                                          have been
                                                          meaning to
                                                          weigh-in for
                                                          some time, but
                                                          term has just
                                                          started and
                                                          I’m
                                                          responsible
                                                          for hundreds
                                                          of new
                                                          students, tens
                                                          of PhD’s,
                                                          there is only
                                                          one of me and
                                                          my mind is
                                                          working on
                                                          less than ten
                                                          percent
                                                          capacity.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">I
                                                          think we have
                                                          to distinguish
                                                          between what
                                                          is know,
                                                          experimentally,
                                                          and our
                                                          precious (to
                                                          us) little
                                                          theoretical
                                                          models. Please
                                                          remember
                                                          everyone that
                                                          theory is just
                                                          theory. It is
                                                          fun to play
                                                          with and that
                                                          is what we are
                                                          all doing. The
                                                          primary thing
                                                          is first to
                                                          understand
                                                          experiment –
                                                          and that is
                                                          hard as there
                                                          is a huge
                                                          amount of
                                                          mis-information
                                                          in our
                                                          “information”
                                                          technology
                                                          culture.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">You
                                                          are right, Al,
                                                          that Martin
                                                          has not
                                                          carried out
                                                          experiments,
                                                          directly,
                                                          himself, on
                                                          the electron
                                                          size in both
                                                          high energy
                                                          and at low
                                                          energy, but I
                                                          have.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">I
                                                          have many
                                                          papers,
                                                          published in
                                                          the most
                                                          prestigious
                                                          journals, on
                                                          precisely
                                                          those topics.
                                                          They HAVE had
                                                          much interest
                                                          (in total more
                                                          than ten
                                                          thousand
                                                          citations). I
                                                          have sat up,
                                                          late at night,
                                                          alone,
                                                          performing
                                                          experiments  both
                                                          with the
                                                          largest lepton
                                                          microscope
                                                          ever made (The
                                                          EMC experiment
                                                          at CERN) and
                                                          with my superb
                                                          (best in the
                                                          world at the
                                                          time)
                                                          millikelvin
                                                          Cryostat
                                                          looking at
                                                          precisely the
                                                          inner
                                                          structure of
                                                          single
                                                          electrons
                                                          spread out
                                                          over sizes
                                                          much (orders
                                                          of magnitude)
                                                          larger than my
                                                          experimental
                                                          resolution. It
                                                          is widely
                                                          said, but
                                                          simply not
                                                          true, that “no
                                                          experiment
                                                          resolves the
                                                          electron
                                                          size”.  This
                                                          comes,
                                                          largely, from
                                                          simple
                                                          ignorance of
                                                          what the
                                                          experiments
                                                          show. I have
                                                          not only seen
                                                          inside single
                                                          electrons, but
                                                          then used the
                                                          observed
                                                          properties and
                                                          structure,
                                                          professionally
                                                          and in widely
                                                          published and
                                                          cited work, to
                                                          design new
                                                          devices. Have
                                                          had them made
                                                          and measured
                                                          (in
                                                          collaboration
                                                          with others),
                                                          and seen them
                                                          thenwork both
                                                          as expected,
                                                          but also to
                                                          reveal deeper
                                                          mysteries
                                                          again
                                                          involving the
                                                          electron size,
                                                          its quantum
                                                          spin, its
                                                          inner charge
                                                          distribution
                                                          and so on.
                                                          That work is
                                                          still going
                                                          on, now
                                                          carried by my
                                                          old colleagues
                                                          and by the
                                                          rest of the
                                                          world. Nano –
                                                          my device was
                                                          the first
                                                          nanosemiconductor
                                                          device.
                                                          Spintronics,
                                                          designed the
                                                          first devices
                                                          used for this.
                                                          Inner workings
                                                          of spin , and
                                                          the exclusion
                                                          principle
                                                          Martin and I
                                                          hope to crack
                                                          that soon!
                                                          Fun! All
                                                          welcome!</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Now
                                                          where Martin
                                                          is coming
                                                          from, and
                                                          where he,
                                                          personally,
                                                          late at night
                                                          etc … HAS done
                                                          lots of
                                                          professional
                                                          experiments
                                                          and has been
                                                          widely cited
                                                          is in playing
                                                          the same kind
                                                          of games with
                                                          light that I
                                                          have done with
                                                          electrons.
                                                          This means
                                                          that, acting
                                                          together, we
                                                          really know
                                                          what we are
                                                          talking about
                                                          in a wide
                                                          range of
                                                          physics.
                                                          Especially
                                                          particle
                                                          scattering,
                                                          quantum
                                                          electron
                                                          transport, and
                                                          light. We may
                                                          be making up
                                                          the theories,
                                                          but we are not
                                                          making up a
                                                          wide and deep
                                                          understanding
                                                          of experiment.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">I
                                                          take your
                                                          point – and
                                                          you are so
                                                          right -that
                                                          there are so
                                                          many things
                                                          one would like
                                                          to read and
                                                          understand and
                                                          has not yet
                                                          got round to.
                                                          So much and so
                                                          little time.
                                                          Ore papers
                                                          written per
                                                          second than
                                                          one can read
                                                          per second.
                                                          There is,
                                                          however, no
                                                          substitute for
                                                          actually
                                                          having been
                                                          involved in
                                                          those very
                                                          experiments to
                                                          actually
                                                          understand
                                                          what they
                                                          mean.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">So
                                                          what I am
                                                          about to say
                                                          is not going
                                                          to be
                                                          “shooting from
                                                          the hip”, but
                                                          is perhaps
                                                          more like
                                                          having spent a
                                                          couple of
                                                          decades
                                                          developing a
                                                          very large
                                                          rail gun which
                                                          has just been
                                                          loaded for its
                                                          one-shot at
                                                          intergalactic
                                                          exploration …</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Now
                                                          I hope you
                                                          will not take
                                                          this badly
                                                          …  it is fun
                                                          to think about
                                                          this but here
                                                          goes</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Here
                                                          is what you
                                                          said (making
                                                          you blue):</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">You
                                                          have not done
                                                          an experiment,
                                                          but (at best)
                                                          a calculation
                                                          based on some
                                                          hypothtical
                                                          input of your
                                                          choise.  Maybe
                                                          it's good,
                                                          maybe not.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Not
                                                          so: I have
                                                          done the
                                                          experiments!
                                                          Myself. This
                                                          is exactly why
                                                          I started
                                                          looking into
                                                          the extant
                                                          models decades
                                                          ago, found
                                                          them sadly
                                                          lacking, and
                                                          hence set out
                                                          to devise new
                                                          ones that did
                                                          agree with
                                                          experiment at
                                                          both low and
                                                          high energy.
                                                          This is the
                                                          whole point! </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">The
                                                          Sun scatters
                                                          as a point
                                                          only those
                                                          projectiles
                                                          that don't get
                                                          close.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">True,</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">  
                                                          So far, no
                                                          scattering off
                                                          elecrtons has
                                                          gotten close
                                                          enough to
                                                          engage any
                                                          internal
                                                          structure,
                                                          "they" say
                                                          (I#ll defer to
                                                          experts
                                                          up-to-date).</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Not
                                                          so. Lots of
                                                          papers on
                                                          this. Some by
                                                          me. See e.g.
                                                          Williamson,
                                                          Timmering,
                                                          Harmans,
                                                          Harris and
                                                          Foxon Phys Rev
                                                          42 p 7675.
                                                          Also – I am an
                                                          expert (up to
                                                          date) on HEP
                                                          as well. A
                                                          more correct
                                                          statement is
                                                          that no
                                                          high-energy
                                                          scattering
                                                          experiment has
                                                          RESOLVED any
                                                          internal
                                                          structure in
                                                          free
                                                          electrons. If
                                                          this was all
                                                          you knew (and
                                                          for many HEP
                                                          guys it seems
                                                          to be) then
                                                          one might
                                                          interpret this
                                                          as meaning the
                                                          electron was a
                                                          point down to
                                                          10-18m. It is
                                                          not. It cannot
                                                          be. It does
                                                          not have
                                                          enough mass to
                                                          account for
                                                          its spin (even
                                                          if at
                                                          lightspeed) if
                                                          it is that
                                                          small. Work it
                                                          out!</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> Nevertheless,
                                                          electrons are
                                                          in constant
                                                          motion at or
                                                          near the speed
                                                          of light
                                                          (Zitterbewegung)
                                                          and therefore
                                                          at the time
                                                          scales of the
                                                          projectiles
                                                          buzz around
                                                          (zittern) in a
                                                          certain amout
                                                          of space,
                                                          which seems to
                                                          me must
                                                          manifest
                                                          itself as if
                                                          there were
                                                          spacially
                                                          exteneded
                                                          structure
                                                          within the
                                                          scattering
                                                          cross-section.
                                                           Why not?</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Because
                                                          this is no
                                                          good if one
                                                          does not have
                                                          the forces or
                                                          the mechanism
                                                          for making it
                                                          “zitter”.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">More
                                                          importantly
                                                          -experimentally-
                                                          because that
                                                          is not what
                                                          you see. If it
                                                          was just
                                                          zittering in
                                                          space one
                                                          could see that
                                                          zitter. What
                                                          you see (in
                                                          deep inelastic
                                                          lepton
                                                          scattering,
                                                          for example),
                                                          is that there
                                                          is no size
                                                          scale for
                                                          lepton
                                                          scattering.
                                                          That is, that
                                                          no structure
                                                          is resolved
                                                          right down to
                                                          10^-18 metres.
                                                          This is NOT
                                                          the same thing
                                                          as an electron
                                                          being a point.
                                                          That is why
                                                          one says (if
                                                          one knows a
                                                          bit about what
                                                          one is talking
                                                          about) that it
                                                          is
                                                          “point-like”
                                                          and not
                                                          “point”
                                                          scattering.
                                                          These
                                                          qualifiers
                                                          ALWAYS matter.
                                                          Point-like –
                                                          not a point.
                                                          Charged
                                                          photon- not a
                                                          photon.
                                                          Localised
                                                          photon – not a
                                                          photon.
                                                          Vice-Admiral-
                                                          not an
                                                          admiral.
                                                          Vice-president-
                                                          more a reason
                                                          for not
                                                          shooting the
                                                          president!</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">That
                                                          structure is
                                                          not resolved
                                                          does NOT mean
                                                          that the
                                                          electron is
                                                          point.  This
                                                          is widely
                                                          accepted as
                                                          fact, but just
                                                          represents a
                                                          (far too
                                                          widespread)
                                                          superficial
                                                          level of
                                                          understanding.
                                                          Any
                                                          inverse-square,
                                                          spherically
                                                          symettric
                                                          force-field
                                                          has this
                                                          property (eg
                                                          spherical
                                                          planets if you
                                                          do not
                                                          actually hit
                                                          them). The
                                                          real problem
                                                          is to
                                                          understand how
                                                          it can appear
                                                          spherically
                                                          symettric and
                                                          inverse square
                                                          in scattering
                                                          while ACTUALLY
                                                          being much
                                                          much larger
                                                          than this.
                                                          This is
                                                          exactly what I
                                                          started out
                                                          working on in
                                                          1980 and have
                                                          been plugging
                                                          away at ever
                                                          since. Exactly
                                                          that! You need
                                                          to explain all
                                                          of experiment:
                                                          that is what
                                                          this is all
                                                          about.  </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Not
                                                          to defend
                                                          Albrecht's
                                                          model as he
                                                          describes it,
                                                          but many folks
                                                          (say Peter
                                                          Rowlands at
                                                          Liverpool, for
                                                          example) model
                                                          elemtary
                                                          particles in
                                                          terms of the
                                                          partiicle
                                                          itself
                                                          interacting
                                                          with its
                                                          induced
                                                          virtual image
                                                          (denoted by
                                                          Peter as the
                                                          "rest of the
                                                          universe").  
                                                          This
                                                          "inducement"
                                                          is a kind of
                                                          polarization
                                                          effect.  Every
                                                          charge repells
                                                          all other like
                                                          charges and
                                                          attracts all
                                                          other unlike
                                                          charges
                                                          resulting in
                                                          what can be
                                                          modeled as a
                                                          virtual charge
                                                          of the
                                                          opposite
                                                          gender
                                                          superimposed
                                                          on itself in
                                                          the static
                                                          approximation.
                                                           But, because
                                                          the real
                                                          situation is
                                                          fluid, the
                                                          virtual
                                                          charge's
                                                          motion is
                                                          delayed as
                                                          caused by
                                                          finite light
                                                          speed, so that
                                                          the two chase
                                                          each other.
                                                          Etc. Looks
                                                          something like
                                                          Albrecht's
                                                          pairs.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Yes
                                                          I know. This
                                                          is the same
                                                          kind of maths
                                                          as “image
                                                          charges” used
                                                          all the time
                                                          in modelling
                                                          the solid
                                                          state. These
                                                          are all
                                                          models. All
                                                          models have
                                                          features. We
                                                          need to
                                                          confront them
                                                          with
                                                          experiment.
                                                          Problem with
                                                          the pairs is
                                                          you don’t see
                                                          any pairs. If
                                                          one of the
                                                          pair has zero
                                                          mass-energy it
                                                          is not there
                                                          at all. If
                                                          there was a
                                                          pair, bound to
                                                          each other
                                                          with some
                                                          forces, then
                                                          one would see
                                                          something
                                                          similar to
                                                          what one sees
                                                          in proton
                                                          scattering
                                                          (see below),
                                                          and you do
                                                          not. One then
                                                          has to explain
                                                          why and how
                                                          this process
                                                          occurs, every
                                                          time. You
                                                          always (and
                                                          only) see one
                                                          thing for
                                                          electrons,
                                                          muons. You see
                                                          a single
                                                          object for the
                                                          electron, and
                                                          an internal
                                                          structure for
                                                          the proton.
                                                          This is what
                                                          your theory
                                                          has to deal
                                                          with. Really.
                                                          Properly. In
                                                          detail. At all
                                                          energies.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">I
                                                          too havn't
                                                          read your 97
                                                          paper yet, but
                                                          I bet it's
                                                          unlikely that
                                                          you all took
                                                          such
                                                          consideration
                                                          into account.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">You
                                                          could not know
                                                          this, but his
                                                          could not be
                                                          more wrong. We
                                                          did. You did
                                                          not specify
                                                          the bet. Lets
                                                          make it a
                                                          beer. You owe
                                                          me (and
                                                          Martin) a
                                                          beer! If you
                                                          have not yet
                                                          read the paper
                                                          by the time we
                                                          next meet I
                                                          think you
                                                          should buy all
                                                          the beers!
                                                          Deal?</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">The
                                                          whole point of
                                                          the paper my
                                                          reason for
                                                          leaving high
                                                          energy physics
                                                          at all, the
                                                          seven years of
                                                          work Martin
                                                          and I put into
                                                          it to that
                                                          point, was
                                                          exactly to
                                                          resolve this
                                                          mystery – on
                                                          the basis of
                                                          an “electron
                                                          as a localised
                                                          photon”. My
                                                          subsequent
                                                          work has been
                                                          to try to
                                                          develop a
                                                          proper field
                                                          theory to deal
                                                          with the
                                                          problems
                                                          inherent I the
                                                          old model
                                                          (unknown
                                                          forces) and in
                                                          the Dirac
                                                          theory (ad hoc
                                                          lump of mass)
                                                          (amongst
                                                          others). This
                                                          is the point
                                                          of the new
                                                          theory of
                                                          light and
                                                          matter:an
                                                          attempt to
                                                          sort all that
                                                          out. You
                                                          should read it
                                                          too! Do that
                                                          and I will buy
                                                          you a beer!</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Now
                                                          Richard, while
                                                          I am
                                                          disagreeing
                                                          with everyone
                                                          I am going to
                                                          disagree with
                                                          you too! You
                                                          keep saying
                                                          that the
                                                          electron
                                                          apparent size
                                                          scales with
                                                          gamma – and
                                                          you keep
                                                          attributing me
                                                          with agreeing
                                                          with you (and
                                                          Martin and Viv
                                                          and Chip). Let
                                                          me say this
                                                          once and for
                                                          all: I DO NOT
                                                          agree with
                                                          this.  Now Viv
                                                          and Chip must
                                                          speak for
                                                          themselves,
                                                          but I’m pretty
                                                          sure Martin
                                                          would (largely
                                                          – though not
                                                          completely)
                                                          agree me
                                                          here.  I have
                                                          said this many
                                                          times to you –
                                                          though perhaps
                                                          not
                                                          specifically
                                                          enough.  It is
                                                          not quite
                                                          wrong – but
                                                          far too
                                                          simple. It
                                                          scales ON
                                                          AVERAGE so. I
                                                          agree that it
                                                          changes
                                                          apparent size-
                                                          yes, but not
                                                          with gamma-
                                                          no. How it
                                                          actually
                                                          scales was
                                                          discussed in
                                                          the 1997
                                                          paper, and the
                                                          mathematics of
                                                          this is
                                                          explained (for
                                                          example) in my
                                                          “Light” paper
                                                          at SPIE (see
                                                          Eq. 19). Gamma
                                                          = ½( x+ 1/x).
                                                          Also, this is
                                                          amongst other
                                                          things, in
                                                          Martin’s
                                                          “Light is
                                                          Heavy” paper.
                                                          Really the
                                                          apparent size
                                                          scales BOTH
                                                          linearly AND
                                                          inverse
                                                          linearly (as x
                                                          and 1/x then).
                                                          It is the
                                                          average of
                                                          these that
                                                          gives gamma.
                                                          This is how
                                                          relativity
                                                          actually
                                                          works. You do
                                                          not put things
                                                          in, you get
                                                          things out.
                                                          You need to
                                                          look at this
                                                          and understand
                                                          how gamma is
                                                          related. Best
                                                          thing is to go
                                                          through the
                                                          maths
                                                          yourself, then
                                                          you will see.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">The
                                                          bottom line is
                                                          that the
                                                          reason one
                                                          does not
                                                          resolve the
                                                          electron size
                                                          is that, in a
                                                          collision,
                                                          this size
                                                          scales like
                                                          light. It gets
                                                          smaller with
                                                          increasing
                                                          energy.
                                                          Linearly.
                                                          Likewise the
                                                          scattering
                                                          exchange
                                                          photon scales
                                                          like light.
                                                          Linearly. The
                                                          ratio for head
                                                          on collisions
                                                          remains
                                                          constant – but
                                                          the exchange
                                                          photon is
                                                          always about
                                                          an order of
                                                          magnitude
                                                          bigger that
                                                          the electron
                                                          (localised
                                                          photon). This
                                                          is WHY it can
                                                          be big (10^-13
                                                          m)  and yet
                                                          appear small.
                                                          I said this in
                                                          my talk, but I
                                                          know how hard
                                                          it is to take
                                                          everything in.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">One
                                                          does not see
                                                          internal
                                                          structure
                                                          because of
                                                          this effect –
                                                          and the fact
                                                          that the
                                                          electron is a
                                                          SINGLE object.
                                                          Not composite
                                                          – like a
                                                          proton (and
                                                          Albrecht’s
                                                          model).</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Now
                                                          what would one
                                                          see with
                                                          lepton
                                                          scatting on
                                                          protons? I
                                                          have dozens of
                                                          papers on this
                                                          (and thousands
                                                          of citations
                                                          to those
                                                          papers) – so
                                                          this is not
                                                          shooting from
                                                          the hip. Let
                                                          me explain as
                                                          briefly and
                                                          simply as I
                                                          can. Lock and
                                                          load …</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">At
                                                          low energies
                                                          (expresses as
                                                          a length much
                                                          less than
                                                          10^-15 m or
                                                          so), one sees
                                                          point-like
                                                          scattering
                                                          from, what
                                                          looks like, a
                                                          spherically
                                                          symettric
                                                          charge
                                                          distribution.
                                                          Ok there are
                                                          differences
                                                          between
                                                          positive
                                                          projectiles
                                                          (which never
                                                          overlap) and
                                                          negative, but
                                                          broad brush
                                                          this is so.
                                                          There is then
                                                          a transitional
                                                          stage where
                                                          one sees
                                                          proton
                                                          structure –
                                                          some
                                                          interesting
                                                          resonances and
                                                          an effective
                                                          “size” of the
                                                          proton (though
                                                          recently this
                                                          has been shown
                                                          to be
                                                          (spectactularly
                                                          interestingly)
                                                          different for
                                                          electron and
                                                          muon
                                                          scattering!
                                                          (This means
                                                          (obviously)
                                                          that the
                                                          electron and
                                                          muon have a
                                                          different
                                                          effective size
                                                          on that
                                                          scale). At
                                                          much higher
                                                          energies one
                                                          begins to see
                                                          (almost) that
                                                          characteristic
                                                          point-like
                                                          scattering
                                                          again, from
                                                          some hard bits
                                                          in the proton.
                                                          Rutherford
                                                          atom all over
                                                          again. These
                                                          inner parts
                                                          have been
                                                          called
                                                          “partons”.
                                                          Initially,
                                                          this was the
                                                          basis
                                                          –incorrect in
                                                          my view – of
                                                          making the
                                                          association of
                                                          quarks with
                                                          partons.
                                                          Problem
                                                          nowadays is
                                                          that the three
                                                          valence quarks
                                                          carry almost
                                                          none of the
                                                          energy-momentum
                                                          of the proton
                                                          - - keeps
                                                          getting less
                                                          and less as
                                                          the energies
                                                          go up. I think
                                                          this whole
                                                          quark-parton
                                                          thing is
                                                          largely
                                                          bullshit.
                                                          Experimentally!</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Now
                                                          Albrecht you
                                                          make some good
                                                          points. You
                                                          are absolutely
                                                          right to quote
                                                          the
                                                          experiments on
                                                          the relativity
                                                          of time with
                                                          clocks and
                                                          with muons.
                                                          You are also
                                                          right that one
                                                          is not much
                                                          better off
                                                          with double
                                                          loops (or any
                                                          other kinds of
                                                          loops) than
                                                          with two
                                                          little hard
                                                          balls. This is
                                                          a problem for
                                                          any model of
                                                          the electron
                                                          as a loop in
                                                          space (Viv,
                                                          John M, Chip,
                                                          John D – this
                                                          is why the
                                                          electron
                                                          cannot be a
                                                          little spatial
                                                          loop – it is
                                                          not consistent
                                                          with
                                                          scattering
                                                          experiments!).
                                                          Now this is a
                                                          problem in
                                                          space-space
                                                          but not in
                                                          more complex
                                                          spaces as
                                                          Martin and I
                                                          have argued
                                                          (see SPIE
                                                          electron paper
                                                          for up to date
                                                          description of
                                                          this – from my
                                                          perspective).
                                                          It is more
                                                          proper to say
                                                          the loops are
                                                          in “momentum
                                                          space” though
                                                          this is not
                                                          quite correct
                                                          either. They
                                                          are in the
                                                          space(s) they
                                                          are in – all
                                                          nine degrees
                                                          of freedom
                                                          (dimensions if
                                                          you like) of
                                                          them. None of
                                                          the nine are
                                                          “space”. For
                                                          me, they are
                                                          not little
                                                          loops in
                                                          space. In
                                                          space they are
                                                          spherical. You
                                                          are not
                                                          correct – as
                                                          the DESY
                                                          director said
                                                          and as I said
                                                          in the “panel”
                                                          discussion-
                                                          that one would
                                                          not “see”
                                                          this. One
                                                          would. Only if
                                                          one of the
                                                          balls were not
                                                          there ( I like
                                                          your get out
                                                          of saying
                                                          that!), would
                                                          one observe
                                                          what one
                                                          observes. In
                                                          my view,
                                                          however, if it
                                                          is not there
                                                          it is not
                                                          there. I’m
                                                          open to
                                                          persuasion if
                                                          you can give
                                                          me a mechanism
                                                          though!</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
                                                          9.0pt;font-family:
                                                          Verdana ,
                                                          sans-serif;">Regards,
                                                          John W.</span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          style="font-size:
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