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Hello Richard,<br>
<br>
thank you for your explanations. I would like to ask further
questions and will place them into the text below.<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 19.10.2015 um 20:08 schrieb Richard
Gauthier:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:10655753-DF29-4EDC-91E0-27701A9B1CC2@gmail.com"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<div class="">Hello Albrecht,</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Thank your for your detailed questions about my
electron model, which I will answer as best as I can. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> My approach of using the formula e^i(k*r-wt)
= e^i (k dot r minus omega t) for a plane wave emitted by
charged photons is also used for example in the analysis of
x-ray diffraction from crystals when you have many incoming
parallel photons in free space moving in phase in a plane wave.
Please see for example <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.pa.uky.edu/%7Ekwng/phy525/lec/lecture_2.pdf"
class=""><font class="" size="2">http://www.pa.uky.edu/~kwng/phy525/lec/lecture_2.pdf</font></a> .
When Max Born studied electron scattering using quantum
mechanics (where he used PHI*PHI of the quantum wave functions
to predict the electron scattering amplitudes), he also
described the incoming electrons as a plane wave moving forward
with the de Broglie wavelength towards the target. I think this
is the general analytical procedure used in scattering
experiments. In my charged photon model the helically
circulating charged photon, corresponding to a moving electron,
is emitting a plane wave of wavelength lambda = h/(gamma mc) and
frequency f=(gamma mc^2)/h along the direction of its helical
trajectory, which makes a forward angle theta with the helical
axis given by cos (theta)=v/c. Planes of constant phase emitted
from the charged photon in this way intersect the helical axis
of the charged photon. When a charged photon has traveled one
relativistic wavelength lambda = h/(gamma mc) along the helical
axis, the intersection point of this wave front with the helical
axis has traveled (as seen from the geometry of Figure 2 in my
charged photon article) a distance lambda/cos(theta) = lambda /
(v/c) = h/(gamma mv) i.e the relativistic de Broglie wavelength
along the helical axis.</div>
</blockquote>
Here I have a question with respect to your Figure 2. The circling
charged photon is accompanied by a wave which moves at any moment in
the direction of the photon on its helical path. This wave has its
normal wavelength in the direction along this helical path. But if
now this wave is projected onto the axis of the helix, which is the
axis of the moving electron, then the projected wave will be shorter
than the original one. So the equation will not be lambda<sub>deBroglie</sub>
= lambda<sub>photon</sub> / cos theta , but: lambda<sub>deBroglie</sub>
= lambda<sub>photon</sub> * cos theta . The result will not be the
(extended) de Broglie wave but a shortened wave. Or do I completely
misunderstand the situation here?<br>
<br>
Or let's use another view to the process. Lets imagine a scattering
process of the electron at a double slit. This was the experiment
where the de Broglie wavelength turned out to be helpful. <br>
So, when now the electron, and that means the cycling photon,
approaches the slits, it will approach at a slant angle theta at the
layer which has the slits. Now assume the momentary phase such that
the wave front reaches two slits at the same time (which means that
the photon at this moment moves downwards or upwards, but else
straight with respect to the azimuth). This situation is similar to
the front wave of a <i>single</i> normal photon which moves upwards
or downwards by an angle theta. There is now no phase difference
between the right and the left slit. Now the question is whether
this coming-down (or -up) will change the temporal sequence of the
phases (say: of the maxima of the wave). This distance (by time or
by length) determines at which angle the next interference maxima to
the right or to the left will occur behind the slits. <br>
<br>
To my understanding the temporal distance will be the same distance
as of wave maxima on the helical path of the photon, where the
latter is lambda<sub>1</sub> = c / frequency; frequency = (gamma*mc<sup>2</sup>)
/ h. So, the geometric distance of the wave maxima passing the slits
is lambda<sub>1</sub> = c*h / (gamma*mc<sup>2</sup>). Also here
the result is a shortened wavelength rather than an extended one, so
not the de Broglie wavelength.<br>
<br>
Again my question: What do I misunderstand?<br>
<br>
For the other topics of your answer I essentially agree, so I shall
stop here.<br>
<br>
Best regards<br>
Albrecht<br>
<br>
<blockquote
cite="mid:10655753-DF29-4EDC-91E0-27701A9B1CC2@gmail.com"
type="cite">
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Now as seen from this geometry, the slower the
electron’s velocity v, the longer is the electron’s de Broglie
wavelength — also as seen from the relativistic de Broglie
wavelength formula Ldb = h/(gamma mv). For a resting electron
(v=0) the de Broglie wavelength is undefined in this formula as
also in my model for v = 0. Here, for stationary electron, the
charged photon’s emitted wave fronts (for waves of wavelength
equal to the Compton wavelength h/mc) intersect the axis of the
circulating photon along its whole length rather than at a
single point along the helical axis. This condition corresponds
to the condition where de Broglie said (something like) that the
electron oscillates with the frequency given by f = mc^2/h for
the stationary electron, and that the phase of the wave of this
oscillating electron is the same at all points in space. But
when the electron is moving slowly, long de Broglie waves are
formed along the axis of the moving electron.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> In this basic plane wave model there is no
limitation on how far to the sides of the charged photon the
plane wave fronts extend. In a more detailed model a finite
side-spreading of the plane wave would correspond to a pulse of
many forward moving electrons that is limited in both
longitudinal and lateral extent (here a Fourier description of
the wave front for a pulse of electrons of a particular spatial
extent would probably come into play), which is beyond the
present description.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> You asked what an observer standing beside the
resting electron, but not in the plane of the charged photon's
internal circular motion) would observe as the circulating
charged photon emits a plane wave long its trajectory. The plane
wave’s wavelength emitted by the circling charged photon would
be the Compton wavelength h/mc. So when the charged photon is
moving more towards (but an an angle to) the stationary
observer, he would observe a wave of wavelength h/mc (which you
call c/ny where ny is the frequency of charged photon’s orbital
motion) coming towards and past him. This is not the de Broglie
wavelength (which is undefined here and is only defined on the
helical axis of the circulating photon for a moving electron)
but is the Compton wavelength h/mc of the circulating photon of
a resting electron. As the charged photon moves more away from
the observer, he would observe a plane wave of wavelength h/mc
moving away from him in the direction of the receding charged
photon. But it is more complicated than this, because the
observer at the side of the stationary electron (circulating
charged photon) will also be receiving all the other plane waves
with different phases emitted at other angles from the
circulating charged photon during its whole circular trajectory.
In fact all of these waves from the charged photon away from the
circular axis or helical axis will interfere and may actually
cancel out or partially cancel out (I don’t know), leaving a net
result only along the axis of the electron, which if the
electron is moving, corresponds to the de Broglie wavelength
along this axis. This is hard to visualize in 3-D and this is
why I think a 3-D computer graphic model of this plane-wave
emitting process for a moving or stationary electron would be
very helpful and informative.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> You asked about the electric charge of the
charged photon and how it affects this process. Clearly the
plane waves emitted by the circulating charged photon have to be
different from the plane waves emitted by an uncharged photon,
because these plane waves generate the quantum wave functions
PHI that predict the probabilities of finding electrons or
photons respectively in the future from their PHI*PHI functions.
Plus the charged photon has to be emitting an additional
electric field (not emitted by a regular uncharged photon), for
example caused by virtual uncharged photons as described in QED,
that produces the electrostatic field of a stationary electron
or the electro-magnetic field around a moving electron. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> I hope this helps. Thanks again for your
excellent questions.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> with best regards,</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
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<!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><br class="">
<div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Oct 19, 2015, at 8:13 AM, Dr. Albrecht Giese
<<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de" class="">genmail@a-giese.de</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8"
http-equiv="Content-Type" class="">
<div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class=""> Richard:<br
class="">
<br class="">
I am still busy to understand the de Broglie wavelength
from your model. I think that I understand your general
idea, but I would like to also understand the details. <br
class="">
<br class="">
If a photon moves straight in the free space, how does the
wave look like? You say that the photon emits a plane
wave. If the photon is alone and moves straight, then the
wave goes with the photon. No problem. And the wave front
is in the forward direction. Correct? How far to the sides
is the wave extended? That may be important in case of the
photon in the electron.<br class="">
<br class="">
With the following I refer to the figures 1 and 2 in your
paper referred in your preceding mail.<br class="">
<br class="">
In the electron, the photon moves according to your model
on a circuit. It moves on a helix when the electron is in
motion. But let take us first the case of the electron at
rest, so that the photon moves on this circuit. In any
moment the plane wave accompanied with the photon will
momentarily move in the tangential direction of the
circuit. But the direction will permanently change to
follow the path of the photon on the circuit. What is then
about the motion of the wave? The front of the wave should
follow this circuit. Would an observer next to the
electron at rest (but not in the plane of the internal
motion) notice the wave? This can only happen, I think, if
the wave does not only propagate on a straight path
forward but has an extension to the sides. Only if this is
the case, there will be a wave along the axis of the
electron. Now an observer next to the electron will see a
modulated wave coming from the photon, which will be
modulated with the frequency of the rotation, because the
photon will in one moment be closer to the observer and in
the next moment be farer from him. Which wavelength will
be noticed by the observer? It should be lambda = c / ny,
where c is the speed of the propagation and ny the
frequency of the orbital motion. But this lambda is by my
understanding not be the de Broglie wave length.<br
class="">
<br class="">
For an electron at rest your model expects a wave with a
momentarily similar phase for all points in space. How can
this orbiting photon cause this? And else, if the electron
is not at rest but moves at a very small speed, then the
situation will not be very different from that of the
electron at rest.<br class="">
<br class="">
Further: What is the influence of the charge in the
photon? There should be a modulated electric field around
the electron with a frequency ny which follows also from E
= h*ny, with E the dynamical energy of the photon. Does
this modulated field have any influence to how the
electron interacts with others? <br class="">
<br class="">
Some questions, perhaps you can help me for a better
understanding.<br class="">
<br class="">
With best regards and thanks in advance<br class="">
Albrecht<br class="">
<br class="">
PS: I shall answer you mail from last night tomorrow.<br
class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 14.10.2015 um 22:32
schrieb Richard Gauthier:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:26CF7357-2118-4391-889D-150E1F112A8C@gmail.com"
type="cite" class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=utf-8" class="">
<div class="">Hello Albrecht,</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> I second David’s question. The last I
heard authoritatively, from cosmologist Sean Carroll -
"The Particle at the End of the Universe” (2012), is
that fermions are not affected by the strong nuclear
force. If they were, I think it would be common
scientific knowledge by now. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">You wrote: "<span style="font-family:
HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial,
'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">I
see it as a valuable goal for the further
development to find an answer (a</span><span
style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue',
Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif;
font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);" class=""> </span><i class=""
style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue',
Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif;
font-size: 16px;">physical </i><span
style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue',
Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif;
font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);" class="">answer!) to the question of the de
Broglie wavelength."</span></div>
<div class=""> My spin 1/2 charged photon model DOES
give a simple physical explanation for the origin of
the de Broglie wavelength. The helically-circulating
charged photon is proposed to emit a plane wave
directed along its helical path based on its
relativistic wavelength lambda = h/(gamma mc) and
relativistic frequency f=(gamma mc^2)/h. The wave
fronts of this plane wave intersect the axis of the
charged photon’s helical trajectory, which is the path
of the electron being modeled by the charged photon,
creating a de Broglie wave pattern of wavelength
h/(gamma mv) which travels along the charged photon’s
helical axis at speed c^2/v. For a moving electron,
the wave fronts emitted by the charged photon do not
intersect the helical axis perpendicularly but at an
angle (see Figure 2 of my SPIE paper at <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.academia.edu/15686831/Electrons_are_spin_1_2_charged_photons_generating_the_de_Broglie_wavelength"
class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.academia.edu/15686831/Electrons_are_spin_1_2_charged_photons_generating_the_de_Broglie_wavelength">https://www.academia.edu/15686831/Electrons_are_spin_1_2_charged_photons_generating_the_de_Broglie_wavelength</a></a> )
that is simply related to the speed of the electron
being modeled. This physical origin of the electron’s
de Broglie wave is similar to when a series of
parallel and evenly-spaced ocean waves hits a straight
beach at an angle greater than zero degrees to the
beach — a wave pattern is produced at the beach that
travels in one direction along the beach at a speed
faster than the speed of the waves coming in from the
ocean. But that beach wave pattern can't transmit
“information” along the beach faster than the speed of
the ocean waves, just as the de Broglie matter-wave
can’t (according to special relativity) transmit
information faster than light, as de Broglie
recognized. As far as I know this geometric
interpretation for the generation of the relativistic
electron's de Broglie wavelength, phase velocity, and
matter-wave equation is unique.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> For a resting (v=0) electron, the de
Broglie wavelength lambda = h/(gamma mv) is not
defined since one can’t divide by zero. It corresponds
to the ocean wave fronts in the above example hitting
the beach at a zero degree angle, where no velocity of
the wave pattern along the beach can be defined.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> <span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37);
line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);" class="">Schrödinger</span> took de Broglie’s
matter-wave and used it non-relativistically with a
potential V to generate the <span style="color:
rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Schrödinger</span> equation
and wave mechanics, which is mathematically identical
in its predictions to Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics.
Born interpreted Psi*Psi of the <span style="color:
rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Schrödinger</span> equation
as the probability density for the result of an
experimental measurement and this worked well for
statistical predictions. Quantum mechanics was built
on this de Broglie wave foundation and Born's
probabilistic interpretation (using Hilbert space
math.)</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> The charged photon model of the electron
might be used to derive the <span style="color:
rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Schrödinger</span> equation,
considering the electron to be a circulating charged
photon that generates the electron’s matter-wave,
which depends on the electron’s variable kinetic
energy in a potential field. This needs to be explored
further, which I began in <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.academia.edu/10235164/The_Charged-Photon_Model_of_the_Electron_Fits_the_Schr%C3%B6dinger_Equation"
class="">https://www.academia.edu/10235164/The_Charged-Photon_Model_of_the_Electron_Fits_the_Schrödinger_Equation</a> .
Of course, to treat the electron relativistically
requires the Dirac equation. But the spin 1/2 charged
photon model of the relativistic electron has a number
of features of the Dirac electron, by design.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> As to why the charged photon circulates
helically rather than moving in a straight line (in
the absence of diffraction, etc) like an uncharged
photon, this could be the effect of the charged photon
moving in the Higgs field, which turns a
speed-of-light particle with electric charge into a
less-than-speed-of-light particle with a rest mass,
which in this case is the electron’s rest mass 0.511
MeV/c^2 (this value is not predicted by the Higgs
field theory however.) So the electron’s inertia may
also be caused by the Higgs field. I would not say
that an unconfined photon has inertia, although it has
energy and momentum but no rest mass, but opinions
differ on this point. “Inertia” is a vague term and
perhaps should be dropped— it literally means
"inactive, unskilled”.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> You said that a faster-than-light phase
wave can only be caused by a superposition of waves.
I’m not sure this is correct, since in my charged
photon model a single plane wave pattern emitted by
the circulating charged photon generates the
electron’s faster-than-light phase wave of speed c^2/v
. A group velocity of an electron model may be
generated by a superposition of waves to produce a
wave packet whose group velocity equals the
slower-than-light speed of an electron modeled by such
an wave-packet approach.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">with best regards,</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<br class="">
<div class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Oct 14, 2015, at 7:14 AM, <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:davidmathes8@yahoo.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:davidmathes8@yahoo.com">davidmathes8@yahoo.com</a></a>>
<<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:davidmathes8@yahoo.com" class="">davidmathes8@yahoo.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div style="font-style: normal; font-variant:
normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing:
normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue',
Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif;
font-size: 16px;" class="">
<div class="">Albrecht</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3458"
class="">A lepton with strong force...that is
rather interesting. </div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3458"
class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3458"
class="">I could not find the DESY 2004
reference. Do you have it handy?</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3458"
class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3458"
class="">David</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3291"
class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3291"
class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3292"
class=""><br class="">
</div>
<br class="">
<blockquote id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3026"
style="border-left-width: 2px;
border-left-style: solid; border-left-color:
rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px;
margin-top: 5px; padding-left: 5px;" class="">
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3025"
style="font-family: HelveticaNeue,
'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida
Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"
class="">
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3024"
style="font-family: HelveticaNeue,
'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial,
'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size:
16px;" class="">
<div dir="ltr"
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3023"
class="">
<hr class="" size="1"><font
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3022"
class="" size="2" face="Arial"><b
class=""><span style="font-weight:
bold;" class="">From:</span></b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Dr.
Albrecht Giese <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"
class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a></a>><br
class="">
<b class=""><span style="font-weight:
bold;" class="">To:</span></b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Richard
Gauthier <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com"
class="">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>>;
'Nature of Light and Particles -
General Discussion' <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="">
<b class=""><span style="font-weight:
bold;" class="">Sent:</span></b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Wednesday,
October 14, 2015 5:40 AM<br class="">
<b class=""><span style="font-weight:
bold;" class="">Subject:</span></b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re:
[General] research papers<br class="">
</font></div>
<div class="y_msg_container"
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3303"><br
class="">
<div id="yiv2857717478" class="">
<div
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3302"
class=""><font
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3301"
class="" size="+1"><big
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3300"
class="">Hello Richard,<br
class="" clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
I refer to your first reference
given below "The Charged-Photon
Model of the Electron ... ".
Which I liked very much to read,
but without agreeing to
everything of it.<br class=""
clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
The crucial thing seems to be
the 'de Broglie wavelength'. I
can follow your deduction. You
take the energy and so the
momentum of the orbiting charged
photon. You calculate the wave
number of the photon from the
momentum. Then you take the
actual component of the wave
number in the direction of the
whole electron. And the result
is in fact the de Broglie
wavelength. - But what is the
physics behind that?<br class=""
clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
If the electron moves slowly,
the phase speed is much more
than c. In the case of the
electron at rest it is even
infinite. So, the whole wave
oscillates with a fixed phase
until infinity. What kind of
wave can that be? Yes, a phase
can move faster than a material
wave. But such a different (and
higher) phase speed can only be
caused by a superposition of
waves. Who contributes to this
superposition? You mention as an
example that e.g. a pulse can be
understood as a superposition of
a collection of single waves.
Correct. But just in this case
the length of the resulting
phase wave will never be
infinite. So, what is the
physics behind? I do not see an
answer in your paper. And I for
myself have as well no answer to
it.<br class="" clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
The same is true for de Broglie.
In his paper of 1924 he deduces
an equation for the phase speed
so that the de Broglie
wavelength, which has turned out
to be practical to describe
scattering at double slits etc,
is the result of his
mathematical procedure. But de
Broglie himself states the lack
of physical understanding (as
you also quote so in your
paper):<br class="" clear="none">
</big></font><br class=""
clear="none">
</div>
<div
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3317"
class="">
<div class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3316" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;
line-height: 15.693333625793457px;
font-size: 11pt;"><big
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3315"
class=""><big
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3314"
class=""><small
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3313"
class=""><span
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3312"
class="" lang="EN-US"><font
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3311" class="" size="+2">„… so that the
present theory may be
considered a formal
scheme whose physical
content is not yet fully
determined, rather than
a full-fledged definite
doctrine.”</font></span></small></big></big></div>
<big
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3320"
class=""><big
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3319"
class=""><small
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1444831758864_3321"
class="">So, even de Broglie
admits in his paper that this
is a formal result which does
not represent really
understood physics. But
despite of this, Erwin
Schrödinger has integrated
this "vague" approach into his
famous "Schrödinger equation".
This is - as far as I
understand it - still the
state of QM today. Nothing
better.<br class=""
clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
With this I do not want to
criticise you as I for myself
have at present no solution.
This also answers your
question regarding the
relation of my model to the de
Broglie wavelength.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="" clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
I see it as a valuable goal
for the further development to
find an answer (a<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">physical<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>answer!)
to the question of the de
Broglie wavelength.<br
class="" clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
Apart of this I would like to
ask the following questions to
your model with a charged
photon.<br class=""
clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
- If this photon is orbiting
in the electron, by which
force is it hold on its orbit?<br
class="" clear="none">
- The photon has a mass or a
momentum (which I find
equivalent) in it. So it has
inertia. What is the mechanism
which causes this inertia?<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="" clear="none">
- A photon as we know it does
not have a charge. So this
particle can be understood to
be a different one. Would it
not be better to give it a new
name, just for clarity?<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="" clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
You ask me why my particle
model does not only have one
orbiting particle but two? The
answer is simply that this
explains the circular motion.
One object cannot move on a
circular path without any bind
to something else.<br class=""
clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
And should not any electron
model have an answer to the
fact that there is also the
strong interaction found in
the electron (DESY 2004)?<br
class="" clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
Best regards<br class=""
clear="none">
Albrecht</small></big><br
class="" clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
<br class="" clear="none">
</big><br class="" clear="none">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-cite-prefix"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">Am
05.10.2015 um 19:17
schrieb Richard
Gauthier:<br class=""
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
</div>
<div class="qtdSeparateBR"><br
class="">
<br class="">
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478yqt6255097049"
id="yiv2857717478yqt37850">
<div class=""><big class=""><big
class=""><font class=""
size="+1"><big class=""><big
class="">Hello Albrecht,</big></big></font></big></big>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<br class="" clear="none">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">Thank
you for your further
comments and
questions.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class="">De
Broglie's
“harmony of
phases” argument
is a little hard
to follow or
picture. His
derivation is
given in my
article at<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
rel="nofollow"
shape="rect"
class="yiv2857717478"
target="_blank"
href="https://www.academia.edu/9973842/The_Charged-Photon_Model_of_the_Electron_the_de_Broglie_Wavelength_and_a_New_Interpretation_of_Quantum_Mechanics">https://www.academia.edu/9973842/The_Charged-Photon_Model_of_the_Electron_the_de_Broglie_Wavelength_and_a_New_Interpretation_of_Quantum_Mechanics</a>
on p. 5 in the
section
“Comparison of
the
charged-photon
derivation to de
Broglie’s
derivation”<span
class="yiv2857717478" style="word-spacing: -4px;">.</span> "Harmony of
phases" is
generally
accepted. I’m
quite pleased
that I was able
with simple math
to derive the
electron's
relativistic de
Broglie
wavelength
without it. I
also derived the
electron’s
relativistic
matter-wave
equation A
e^i(kx-wt) for a
free
relativistic
electron from
the circulating
charged photon
model, based on
the circulating
charged photon
emitting a plane
wave along the
charged photon’s
helical
trajectory, with
the circulating
charged photon’s
wavelength
h/(gamma mc) and
frequency f =
(gamma mc^2)/h,
using the
relation
cos(theta) = v/c
where theta is
the forward
angle of the
charged photon’s
helical
trajectory. The
intersection of
this circulating
plane wave with
the longitudinal
axis of the
circulating
charged photon’s
helical
trajectory
generates the
electron’s
matter-wave
equation with
the relativistic
de Broglie
wavelength and
phase velocity
c^2/v . </big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class="">The
momentum of the
circulating
charged photon
is p = gamma mc
because the
energy E of the
circulating
charged photon
is set equal the
total energy E
of moving
electron E=gamma
mc^2 and the
energy-momentum
relation for a
photon is p=
E/c: p = E/c
= (gamma mc^2) /
c = gamma mc for
the total
momentum of the
circulating
charged photon
along its
helical
trajectory. This
total momentum's
longitudinal
component along
the helical axis
is p cos(theta)=
gamma mc x v/c
= gamma mv which
is the
relativistic
momentum of the
electron being
modeled by the
circulating
charged photon.
The transverse
component of the
charged photon's
total momentum
is mc .</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class="">Since
your “basic
particles”
don’t, as you
state, have
relativistic
behavior, why
not just have
one circulating
light-speed
particle instead
of two?
Insisting on
conservation of
momentum between
two circulating
non-physical
particles (for
which there is
no experimental
evidence)
doesn’t seem
logical.</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class="">For
your reference,
my recent
article is at<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="yiv2857717478"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.academia.edu/15686831/Electrons_are_spin_1_2_charged_photons_generating_the_de_Broglie_wavelength"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.academia.edu/15686831/Electrons_are_spin_1_2_charged_photons_generating_the_de_Broglie_wavelength">https://www.academia.edu/15686831/Electrons_are_spin_1_2_charged_photons_generating_the_de_Broglie_wavelength</a></a> .</b></big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class="">No one
knows why the
electron’s rest
mass is m =
E(resting
electron)/c^2 =
0.511 MeV/c^2 .
The Higgs
mechanism
doesn’t predict
m. A photon
carrying the
energy E of the
rest mass m of
an electron has
energy hf =
E=mc^2 and
momentum p=mc .
So mc is more
fundamental than
m since this
photon is not at
rest but has
momentum mc. If
this photon is
then converted
into a resting
electron, this
electron now has
internal
invariant
circulating
momentum mc and
a corresponding
rest mass m
which the
original photon
did not have. So
the photon's
original
momentum mc,
which precedes
the electron’s
formation, is
more fundamental
than the
electron’s rest
mass m.</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class="">with
best regards,</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class="">
Richard</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><b
class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</b></big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478">
<div class="">
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big
class=""><font
class=""
size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class="">On
Oct 4, 2015,
at 2:01 PM,
Dr. Albrecht
Giese <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a></a>>
wrote:</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<big class=""><big
class=""><font
class=""
size="+1"><big
class=""><big
class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478Apple-interchange-newline"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-cite-prefix"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">Hello
Richard,<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
Am 02.10.2015 um
07:45 schrieb
Richard Gauthier:<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">Hello
Albrecht,</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">
Thank you for your
detailed explanations.
Yes, I will wait for
your quantitative
derivation of the
relativistic de
Broglie wavelength
from your electron
model. De Broglie’s
original derivation
has the internal
frequency of his
electron both
increasing (due to its
energy as gamma mc^2 =
hf AND also
decreasing due to
relativistic time
dilation. He managed
to reconcile both of
these frequencies by
his ingenious “harmony
of phases”
relationship. Your
electron model only
seems to have a
decreasing frequency
with increasing speed,
where you say this
decreasing frequency
is due to time
dilation. Without an
increasing internal
frequency proportional
to the electron's
energy gamma mc^2 I
think you will have
difficulty deriving
the relativistic de
Broglie wavelength. My
model derives the de
Broglie wavelength
value h/(gamma mv)
easily from the
relativistic
wavelength h/(gamma
mc) of the circulating
charged photon whose
frequency is given by
hf=gamma mc^2, without
referring to
relativistic time
dilation.</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<big class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">These
are two questions or
problems. One is the
increase of the internal
frequency of a particle
at motion despite of
dilation. There is an
easy way to see how it
in principle works. I
said earlier that the
dilation, so the
reduction of the
internal frequency, is
over-compensated by the
Dopplereffect, which is
effective for an
observer who receives
the particle.
Mathematically: If you
divide the Doppler
function (the source
moving towards the
observer) by the square
of the gamma function,
then the result is more
than 1. This shows that
the Doppler effect
over-compensates the
reduction of the
frequency by dilation at
least by gamma. The
result should however be
exactly one. When I am
at home again (presently
I am not) I will
investigate my
literature to get a
precise result.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Thank you for your note
about the "harmony of
phases". The idea takes
care of the problem that
on the one hand the
frequency in an
elementary particle
follows
E=mc^2=h*frequency, on
the other hand the de
Broglie wavelength does
not follow this
relation. What is the
reason for that? In my
present understanding
the "harmony of phases"
was an ad hoc attempt of
de Broglie to solve this
problem mathematically.
I do not have the
impression that it is
based on a true
understanding of a
physical process. I
shall come back to this
as soon as I am back at
home.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big>
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">
You say at one
point: "We can
reorder this
equation: m*R*c =
h(bar). The left
side is now the
classical definition
of the orbital
momentum at speed =
c.” But mc is not
the momentum of a
particle with rest
mass traveling at c,
i.e. p = mv where v
is replaced by c.
Could you have
misunderstood p=mc
for the relativistic
equation for
momentum p = gamma
mv for a particle
with rest mass m
traveling at
velocity v but never
able to reach c.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
</blockquote>
<big class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">I
have referred to the
classical definition of
angular momentum to show
that the spin can be
visualized for such a
type of model (i.e. my
model). Of course the
units do not fit with
exact numbers. If we
treat the model as a
classical gyroscope
(what it definitely not
is) then this equation
describes the angular
momentum. In that case<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="yiv2857717478">m<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>is
of course the<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">effective<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>mass, in this case however not
applicable in so far as
there are no single
"masses" in this model.
(Mass is a dynamical
process within the
whole.) The speed c is
not a problem in so far
as the "basic particles"
do not have a
relativistic behavior.
Relativistic effects are
caused by the elementary
particle as a whole as
particularly visible for
the phenomenon of
dilation. But one point
results very clearly
from this view: The
resulting angular
momentum (=spin) is
independent of other
properties of the
particle. That is a
physical result here,
not a result of some
algebra. And the
numerical result is very
close to the correct one
which is not a matter of
course.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big>
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">
However, the
momentum quantity mc
does appear in my
circulating charged
photon model as the
invariant transverse
component of the
helically
circulating charged
photon’s total
momentum gamma mc.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></big></big></font></big></big></div>
</blockquote>
<big class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">Why
is the momentum<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">gamma
mc</i>? If the photon
is subject to
relativistic effects, on
which level of your
model is relativity
founded? The increase of<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="yiv2857717478">m<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>by<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="yiv2857717478">gamma<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>must have some reason. Which
reason is it? (I do not
see Einstein's algebra
as a reason.)<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big>
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">The
longitudinal
component of the
charged photon’s
circulating momentum
is gamma mv, which
is the momentum of
the relativistic
electron being
modeled by the
circulating charged
photon. The
transverse momentum
component mc
contributes to the
spin hbar/2 of a
slow moving or
resting electron
composed of a
circulating photon
at radius hbar/2mc
in this way: Sz = r
x p = hbar/2mc x mc
= hbar/2 . My
charged photon model
is a generic charged
photon model, which
needs a more
detailed charged
photon model
incorporated into it
that will give the
charged photon model
a spin hbar/2 also
at relativistic
velocities, since
the electron has
spin hbar/2 at all
velocities. I have
such a possible
charged photon model
that is internally
superluminal and has
spin hbar/2 at all
energies, which
might be
incorporated into
the generic charged
photon model.</big></big></font></big></big></div>
</blockquote>
<big class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">This
is a collection of
equations which are
listed here but not
deduced or
substantiated. I guess
that they are
(quantitative)
consequences of the
foundations of your
model. I do not have
details of your model
here at hand as I am not
at home. Is it difficult
for you to give me just
a quick reference? - The
occurrence of
superluminal speed is a
problem in so far as it
constitutes a new
property which is very
different from present
understanding of
physics. Better if we do
not need such
assumptions.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big>
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class=""><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</big></big></font></big></big></div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><big
class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">
You asked if
someone besides you
has an explanation
of particle inertia.
This invariant
circulating
transverse momentum
component p=mc in my
charged photon model
of the electron
gives my electron
model an invariant
rest mass m and so
this circulating
momentum component
mc may be the origin
of inertia or rest
mass of material
particles like the
electron.</big></big></font></big></big></div>
</blockquote>
<big class=""><big class=""><font
class="" size="+1"><big
class=""><big class="">In
my understanding you put
the logic here upside
down. You refer to the
momentum<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">p=mc</i>.
But here is<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">m<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>the origin of the momentum.
So, if mass is not
defined, also this
expression is undefined.
- Only after the mass
generation has been
found, it makes sense to
talk about momentum. No
the other way around.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Albrecht</big></big></font><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big><br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</big>
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<div class="yiv2857717478">
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div class="yiv2857717478">On
Oct 1, 2015, at 11:51 AM,
Dr. Albrecht Giese <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
rel="nofollow"
shape="rect"
class="yiv2857717478"
ymailto="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"
target="_blank"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a></a>>
wrote:</div>
<br
class="yiv2857717478Apple-interchange-newline"
clear="none">
</blockquote>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="yiv2857717478">Dear
Richard,<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-forward-container"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
thank you for your list of
explicit questions. That makes
it easy to answer in a
structured way. And I hope
that my answers can also
answer some of the other
questions and doubts which
came up during the last days
and mails.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="yiv2857717478">Hello
John and Albrecht and all,</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478">
Thanks John, I stand corrected
on the issue of your electron
model not falling off in lateral
size as 1/gamma. </div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478">
Albrecht, I am still not
satisfied with your electron
model for a number of reasons:</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478">1) no
experimental evidence for
multi-particle structure of the
electron even at high energies.</div>
Yes, this model makes it difficult
to show experimentally this
structure of the electron. It is
difficult by the reason that both
sub-particles do not have any
mass. So the particle cannot be
decomposed by bombardment, which
is the normal way of investigating
a particle structure in high
energy physics (like a proton). On
the other hand it should not be a
problem to accept that a particle
is big as a whole, but by a
scattering experiment only a
sub-particle is detected. That has
a historical analogy in the
Rutherford experiment, where
Rutherford wished to measure the
size of an atom but found the size
of the nucleus. In case of the
electron the experimenters look
for the size of the electron but
find the size of the basic
particle.<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
However there is now indeed an
experimental evidence. As Frank
Wilczek wrote in his article in
Nature, in a specific situation
(superconductivity in a magnetic
field), half-electrons were
detected. In his understanding it
is a complete mystery. In the view
of this particle model not so much
a mystery.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
An important theoretical argument
for a pair of sub-particles is the
fact the there is an internal
motion (mag. moment, spin), but
the conservation of momentum must
not be violated. This needs at
least 2 sub-particles.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-forward-container">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478">2)
your light-speed charged,
massless circulating
particles carry no resting
inertia — why not just call
them circulating charged
photons, and just have one
of them rather than two,
based on the lack of
experimental evidence for
multi-particle structure of
the electron?<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Arguments against a photon: A
photon at c has inertia. With this
assumption the model cannot work
(look for the mechanism of
inertia). And a photon does not
have a single (or half) electric
charge. And scattering of other
charged particles (like quarks) at
a photon would not display a size
< 10^-18. A photon cannot be
that small.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Further the photon has spin of 1
h(bar), the electron has 1/2 of
it. If the electron would be built
by 2 photons, the combined spin
should be 0 or 2. Or there must be
an additional orbital momentum
which is otherwise not known in
particle physics.
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-forward-container">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478">3)
there is no clear model of a
photon in your system (maybe
I missed it) and how
electron-positron pair
production of your electron
model and positron model
would emerge from a single
photon in the vicinity of a
nucleus (a common method of
pair production).</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
I must admit that I do not have a
consistent model for a photon. I
tend to the idea of de Broglie
that a photon is composed by 2
elementary particles. But I do not
assume 2 neutrinos as de Broglie
did but maybe of 4 basic particles
in a very special configuration.
At least a photon has to have
positive and negative electric
charges inside, otherwise it would
not react with electric charges as
it does.<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
If we assume that the photon is
e.g. built by 2 other particles
which are similar to electrons,
pair production is quite
plausible. On the other hand, the
generation of elementary particles
by interaction processes, which
should mean in this context the
generation of basic particles,
needs some additional
understanding. My model just uses
generations like those but has no
explanation yet for them.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-forward-container">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478">4)
the two-dimensionality of
your electron model. Delta
x in the third dimension
appears to be zero and delta
Px in the third dimension is
also zero. So delta x delta
Px is also zero , a strong
violation of the Heisenberg
uncertainty principle. Is
that a problem for your
model?</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
The orbital motion of the 2
sub-particles goes on in a
2-dimensional area, that is true.
Problem with Heisenberg's
principle? (I prefer to say: the
uncertainty relation, because
nature is not determined by
principles, as elementary
particles etc. do not have a mind
so that they can understand and
follow principles.) The
uncertainty is a "technical"
consequence of the de Broglie wave
which surrounds and guides a
particle. Such wave can only be
determined with uncertainty, that
is the uncertainty found in
measurements. I do not see any
uncertainty in particles
themselves as everywhere when we
can measure parameters in an
interaction, the conservation laws
are fulfilled without an
uncertainty.
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-forward-container">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><br
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</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478">5)
the fact that your model’s
lateral size doesn’t
decrease as electron speed
increases. Since the 2
particles still move at
light speed, this would
require that the frequency
of their circulation will
reduce, rather than increase
as would be expected with
the electron's increasing
energy as its speed
increases. That also leaves
your high energy
relativistic electron model
about 100,000 times too big,
compared with high energy
electron scattering
experiments.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Irrespective to which direction an
electron moves, the orbital
frequency reduces by the factor
gamma. This is simple geometry and
the physical cause of dilation in
SR. On the other hand, if the
electron moves towards another
object to undergo an interaction
there, then the other object
experiences an increase of
frequency by the Doppler effect.
This Doppler effect
over-compensates the relativistic
reduction. - By the way, this
consideration was the starting
point for de Broglie when he began
to think about elementary
particles, which ended with the
Nobel price.
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-forward-container">
<div class="yiv2857717478">To
say that electron scattering
occurs in your model with
only one of the two rotating
point-like particles and the
other is pulled along
without inertial resistance
doesn’t work for me and
seems very non-physical.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
As the "other" sub-particle has no
inertial mass, it can follow any
acceleration. This is (also)
covered by Newton's law of
inertia. But as both sub-particles
are bound to each other by a field
which is subject to the finite
speed of light, the "other" one
causes the inertia of the whole
configuration by the delay of
field propagation. - It is
essential for the understanding of
this model to understand the
underlying mechanism of inertia.
See further down.
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-forward-container">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478">6)
the fact that the electron’s
z-component of spin 1/2 hbar
is not clearly present in
your model whose radius is
the reduced Compton
wavelength hbar/mc and not
the Dirac amplitude hbar/2mc
which easily yields the
electron’s spin 1/2 ,
zitterbewegung frequency,
double-looping in a resting
electron and the Dirac 720
degree rotational symmetry
of the electron. (This is
the same problem I see with
John M’s electron model,
which also doesn’t have a
clear spin 1/2 hbar since
its radius is also hbar/mc
and not hbar/2mc .)</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
The sub-particles in this model
are bound to each other by a
multi-pole field of the strong
force. This field causes the
inertia of the whole particle and
so tries to inhibit any change of
the motion state. As the
sub-particles orbit at c and also
the binding field moves at c, the
one sub-particle does not receive
the field of the other one from
the opposite direction of the
orbital motion, but the force has
a component in the direction of
the circumference of the orbit.
This inhibits a change of the
orbital motion and causes so an
orbital momentum, i.e. a spin.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
For an approximate calculation:
The mass is given by m = h(bar) /
(R*c) . We can reorder this
equation: m*R*c = h(bar). The left
side is now the classical
definition of the orbital momentum
at speed = c. - This is not
numerically applicable here as the
model does not function as a
classical gyroscope. But it shows
how spin in principle works.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Regarding Dirac: What Dirac has
done is algebra, not physics. It
is often very practical to do
algebra do solve physical
problems, but we should always be
aware of the fact that we have to
trace the algebra back to the
physical processes behind the
calculation. And so also his
period of 720 degrees is a kind of
mathematical trick helpful for
some calculations. But the
physical space does in my
understanding not have a
periodicity of 720 degrees.
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-forward-container">
<div class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
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</div>
<div class="yiv2857717478">7)
the wave nature of your
model is not clear to me.
What in your model produces
the electron's quantum wave
nature, and how does your
moving electron model
generate the relativistic de
Broglie wavelength
quantitatively? Does it? You
seem to accept the pilot
wave concept of de
Broglie-Bohm. Does your
electron model display
quantum non-locality and
entanglement as Bohm’s does
and which is also strongly
experimentally supported?</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
The field which binds both
sub-particles propagates into any
direction in space. So it is
existent also outside of this
configuration "electron". As the
electron circulates, it is an
alternating field which emits
waves into the surrounding space.
When the particle moves, it takes
the wave-field with it. This
guides the particle as anticipated
by de Broglie and, among other
effects, causes the scattering
structure at a double slit.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Non-locality and entanglement:
This was my original motivation to
investigate theoretical physics
(originally I am an
experimentalist). But up to now I
was not successful to find an
explanation for that. - But that
is another topic which has no
direct relation to my model. - It
is a new information for me that
Bohm did have an explanation for
entanglement.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
You are asking for the deduction
of the de Broglie wavelength. For
presenting a quantitative
deduction I have to investigate
some more details, and so I ask
you for some patience. I shall
come back to it.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Finally I would like to emphasize
the fact that this model is the
only one which explains inertia.
As it is meanwhile admitted by
mainstream physics, the Higgs
model is not able to provide this.
The necessary Higgs field does
definitely not exist.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
The reason for mass is that any
extended object has inertia,
independent of "elementary masses"
which may exist inside an object.
The reason is the finiteness of
the speed of light, by which
binding fields, which must be
present in any extended object,
propagate. This is not an idea or
a wage possibility, but it is
completely unavoidable. Applied to
a particle model, a particle can
only have inertial if it is
extended.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Question: Does anyone of you all
here has another working model of
inertia?<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Here I should end today. But I
will be happy to get further - and
critical - questions.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Best regards<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Albrecht<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<blockquote class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-forward-container"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<div class="yiv2857717478">
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div class="yiv2857717478">On
Sep 29, 2015, at 1:48
AM, John Williamson <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk">John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk</a></a>>
wrote:</div>
<br
class="yiv2857717478Apple-interchange-newline"
clear="none">
<div class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-style:
normal; font-variant:
normal; font-weight:
normal;
letter-spacing:
normal; line-height:
normal; text-indent:
0px; text-transform:
none; white-space:
normal; word-spacing:
0px; background-color:
rgb(255, 255, 255);
direction: ltr;
font-family: Tahoma;
font-size: 10pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
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17.1200008392334px;
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font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478">Dear
everyone
especially Al,
Albrecht and
Richard,</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
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font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478">I
have been meaning
to weigh-in for
some time, but
term has just
started and I’m
responsible for
hundreds of new
students, tens of
PhD’s, there is
only one of me and
my mind is working
on less than ten
percent capacity.<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
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17.1200008392334px;
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Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478">I
think we have to
distinguish
between what is
know,
experimentally,
and our precious
(to us) little
theoretical
models. Please
remember everyone
that theory is
just theory. It is
fun to play with
and that is what
we are all doing.
The primary thing
is first to
understand
experiment – and
that is hard as
there is a huge
amount of
mis-information in
our “information”
technology
culture.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
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17.1200008392334px;
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Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478">You
are right, Al,
that Martin has
not carried out
experiments,
directly, himself,
on the electron
size in both high
energy and at low
energy, but I
have.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
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17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478">I
have many papers,
published in the
most prestigious
journals, on
precisely those
topics. They HAVE
had much interest
(in total more
than ten thousand
citations). I have
sat up, late at
night, alone,
performing
experiments<span
class="yiv2857717478"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>both with the
largest lepton
microscope ever
made (The EMC
experiment at
CERN) and with my
superb (best in
the world at the
time) millikelvin
Cryostat looking
at precisely the
inner structure of
single electrons
spread out over
sizes much (orders
of magnitude)
larger than my
experimental
resolution. It is
widely said, but
simply not true,
that “no
experiment
resolves the
electron size”.<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><span
class="yiv2857717478"> </span>This
comes, largely,
from simple
ignorance of what
the experiments
show. I have not
only seen inside
single electrons,
but then used the
observed
properties and
structure,
professionally and
in widely
published and
cited work, to
design new
devices. Have had
them made and
measured (in
collaboration with
others), and seen
them thenwork both
as expected, but
also to reveal
deeper mysteries
again involving
the electron size,
its quantum spin,
its inner charge
distribution and
so on. That work
is still going on,
now carried by my
old colleagues and
by the rest of the
world. Nano – my
device was the
first
nanosemiconductor
device.
Spintronics,
designed the first
devices used for
this. Inner
workings of spin ,
and the exclusion
principle Martin
and I hope to
crack that soon!
Fun! All welcome!</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
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17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478">Now
where Martin is
coming from, and
where he,
personally, late
at night etc … HAS
done lots of
professional
experiments and
has been widely
cited is in
playing the same
kind of games with
light that I have
done with
electrons. This
means that, acting
together, we
really know what
we are talking
about in a wide
range of physics.
Especially
particle
scattering,
quantum electron
transport, and
light. We may be
making up the
theories, but we
are not making up
a wide and deep
understanding of
experiment.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478">I
take your point –
and you are so
right -that there
are so many things
one would like to
read and
understand and has
not yet got round
to. So much and so
little time. Ore
papers written per
second than one
can read per
second. There is,
however, no
substitute for
actually having
been involved in
those very
experiments to
actually
understand what
they mean.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478">So
what I am about to
say is not going
to be “shooting
from the hip”, but
is perhaps more
like having spent
a couple of
decades developing
a very large rail
gun which has just
been loaded for
its one-shot at
intergalactic
exploration …</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478">Now
I hope you will
not take this
badly …<span
class="yiv2857717478"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>it is fun to
think about this
but here goes</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478">Here
is what you said (<span
class="yiv2857717478" style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">making you blue</span>):</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana; color:
rgb(31, 73, 125);
background-color:
white;">You have
not done an
experiment, but
(at best) a
calculation based
on some
hypothtical input
of your choise.
Maybe it's good,
maybe not.<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">Not so: I
have done the
experiments!
Myself. This is
exactly why I
started looking
into the extant
models decades
ago, found them
sadly lacking, and
hence set out to
devise new ones
that did agree
with experiment at
both low and high
energy. This is
the whole point! </span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 5pt; font-family: Helvetica;
background-color:
white;"></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;"> </span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 5pt; font-family: Helvetica;
background-color:
white;"></span><br
class="yiv2857717478webkit-block-placeholder" clear="none">
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">The Sun
scatters as a
point only those
projectiles that
don't get close.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">True,</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
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17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"> </span>
So far, no
scattering off
elecrtons has
gotten close
enough to engage
any internal
structure, "they"
say (I#ll defer to
experts
up-to-date).<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">Not so.
Lots of papers on
this. Some by me.
See e.g.
Williamson,
Timmering,
Harmans, Harris
and Foxon Phys Rev
42 p 7675. Also –
I am an expert (up
to date) on HEP as
well. A more
correct statement
is that no
high-energy
scattering
experiment has
RESOLVED any
internal structure
in free electrons.
If this was all
you knew (and for
many HEP guys it
seems to be) then
one might
interpret this as
meaning the
electron was a
point down to
10-18m. It is not.
It cannot be. It
does not have
enough mass to
account for its
spin (even if at
lightspeed) if it
is that small.
Work it out!</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478webkit-block-placeholder" clear="none">
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="color:
rgb(31, 73,
125);">Nevertheless,
electrons are in
constant motion
at or near the
speed of light
(Zitterbewegung)
and therefore at
the time scales
of the
projectiles buzz
around (zittern)
in a certain
amout of space,
which seems to
me must manifest
itself as if
there were
spacially
exteneded
structure within
the scattering
cross-section.
Why not?</span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
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font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">Because
this is no good if
one does not have
the forces or the
mechanism for
making it
“zitter”.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">More
importantly
-experimentally-
because that is
not what you see.
If it was just
zittering in space
one could see that
zitter. What you
see (in deep
inelastic lepton
scattering, for
example), is that
there is no size
scale for lepton
scattering. That
is, that no
structure is
resolved right
down to 10^-18
metres. This is
NOT the same thing
as an electron
being a point.
That is why one
says (if one knows
a bit about what
one is talking
about) that it is
“point-like” and
not “point”
scattering. These
qualifiers ALWAYS
matter. Point-like
– not a point.
Charged photon-
not a photon.
Localised photon –
not a photon.
Vice-Admiral- not
an admiral.
Vice-president-
more a reason for
not shooting the
president!</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">That
structure is not
resolved does NOT
mean that the
electron is point.<span
class="yiv2857717478"> <span class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>This
is widely accepted
as fact, but just
represents a (far
too widespread)
superficial level
of understanding.
Any
inverse-square,
spherically
symettric
force-field has
this property (eg
spherical planets
if you do not
actually hit
them). The real
problem is to
understand how it
can appear
spherically
symettric and
inverse square in
scattering while
ACTUALLY being
much much larger
than this. This is
exactly what I
started out
working on in 1980
and have been
plugging away at
ever since.
Exactly that! You
need to explain
all of experiment:
that is what this
is all about. </span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana; color:
rgb(31, 73, 125);
background-color:
white;">Not to
defend Albrecht's
model as he
describes it, but
many folks (say
Peter Rowlands at
Liverpool, for
example) model
elemtary particles
in terms of the
partiicle itself
interacting with
its induced
virtual image
(denoted by Peter
as the "rest of
the universe").
This "inducement"
is a kind of
polarization
effect. Every
charge repells all
other like charges
and attracts all
other unlike
charges resulting
in what can be
modeled as a
virtual charge of
the opposite
gender
superimposed on
itself in the
static
approximation.
But, because the
real situation is
fluid, the virtual
charge's motion is
delayed as caused
by finite light
speed, so that the
two chase each
other. Etc. Looks
something like
Albrecht's pairs.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">Yes I
know. This is the
same kind of maths
as “image charges”
used all the time
in modelling the
solid state. These
are all models.
All models have
features. We need
to confront them
with experiment.
Problem with the
pairs is you don’t
see any pairs. If
one of the pair
has zero
mass-energy it is
not there at all.
If there was a
pair, bound to
each other with
some forces, then
one would see
something similar
to what one sees
in proton
scattering (see
below), and you do
not. One then has
to explain why and
how this process
occurs, every
time. You always
(and only) see one
thing for
electrons, muons.
You see a single
object for the
electron, and an
internal structure
for the proton.
This is what your
theory has to deal
with. Really.
Properly. In
detail. At all
energies.</span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 5pt; font-family: Helvetica;
background-color:
white;"></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;"> </span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 5pt; font-family: Helvetica;
background-color:
white;"></span><br
class="yiv2857717478webkit-block-placeholder" clear="none">
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana; color:
rgb(31, 73, 125);
background-color:
white;">I too
havn't read your
97 paper yet, but
I bet it's
unlikely that you
all took such
consideration into
account.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">You could
not know this, but
his could not be
more wrong. We
did. You did not
specify the bet.
Lets make it a
beer. You owe me
(and Martin) a
beer! If you have
not yet read the
paper by the time
we next meet I
think you should
buy all the beers!
Deal?</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">The whole
point of the paper
my reason for
leaving high
energy physics at
all, the seven
years of work
Martin and I put
into it to that
point, was exactly
to resolve this
mystery – on the
basis of an
“electron as a
localised photon”.
My subsequent work
has been to try to
develop a proper
field theory to
deal with the
problems inherent
I the old model
(unknown forces)
and in the Dirac
theory (ad hoc
lump of mass)
(amongst others).
This is the point
of the new theory
of light and
matter:an attempt
to sort all that
out. You should
read it too! Do
that and I will
buy you a beer!</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">Now
Richard, while I
am disagreeing
with everyone I am
going to disagree
with you too! You
keep saying that
the electron
apparent size
scales with gamma
– and you keep
attributing me
with agreeing with
you (and Martin
and Viv and Chip).
Let me say this
once and for all:
I DO NOT agree
with this.<span
class="yiv2857717478"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Now Viv and
Chip must speak
for themselves,
but I’m pretty
sure Martin would
(largely – though
not completely)
agree me here.<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><span
class="yiv2857717478"> </span>I
have said this
many times to you
– though perhaps
not specifically
enough.<span
class="yiv2857717478"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>It is not
quite wrong – but
far too simple. It
scales ON AVERAGE
so. I agree that
it changes
apparent size-
yes, but not with
gamma- no. How it
actually scales
was discussed in
the 1997 paper,
and the
mathematics of
this is explained
(for example) in
my “Light” paper
at SPIE (see Eq.
19). Gamma = ½( x+
1/x). Also, this
is amongst other
things, in
Martin’s “Light is
Heavy” paper.
Really the
apparent size
scales BOTH
linearly AND
inverse linearly
(as x and 1/x
then). It is the
average of these
that gives gamma.
This is how
relativity
actually works.
You do not put
things in, you get
things out. You
need to look at
this and
understand how
gamma is related.
Best thing is to
go through the
maths yourself,
then you will see.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">The bottom
line is that the
reason one does
not resolve the
electron size is
that, in a
collision, this
size scales like
light. It gets
smaller with
increasing energy.
Linearly. Likewise
the scattering
exchange photon
scales like light.
Linearly. The
ratio for head on
collisions remains
constant – but the
exchange photon is
always about an
order of magnitude
bigger that the
electron
(localised
photon). This is
WHY it can be big
(10^-13 m)<span
class="yiv2857717478"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>and yet appear
small. I said this
in my talk, but I
know how hard it
is to take
everything in.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">One does
not see internal
structure because
of this effect –
and the fact that
the electron is a
SINGLE object. Not
composite – like a
proton (and
Albrecht’s model).</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">Now what
would one see with
lepton scatting on
protons? I have
dozens of papers
on this (and
thousands of
citations to those
papers) – so this
is not shooting
from the hip. Let
me explain as
briefly and simply
as I can. Lock and
load …</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">At low
energies
(expresses as a
length much less
than 10^-15 m or
so), one sees
point-like
scattering from,
what looks like, a
spherically
symettric charge
distribution. Ok
there are
differences
between positive
projectiles (which
never overlap) and
negative, but
broad brush this
is so. There is
then a
transitional stage
where one sees
proton structure –
some interesting
resonances and an
effective “size”
of the proton
(though recently
this has been
shown to be
(spectactularly
interestingly)
different for
electron and muon
scattering! (This
means (obviously)
that the electron
and muon have a
different
effective size on
that scale). At
much higher
energies one
begins to see
(almost) that
characteristic
point-like
scattering again,
from some hard
bits in the
proton. Rutherford
atom all over
again. These inner
parts have been
called “partons”.
Initially, this
was the basis
–incorrect in my
view – of making
the association of
quarks with
partons. Problem
nowadays is that
the three valence
quarks carry
almost none of the
energy-momentum of
the proton - -
keeps getting less
and less as the
energies go up. I
think this whole
quark-parton thing
is largely
bullshit.
Experimentally!</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-image:
none;
background-attachment:
scroll;
background-color:
white;
background-position:
0% 0%;
background-repeat:
repeat repeat;">Now
Albrecht you make
some good points.
You are absolutely
right to quote the
experiments on the
relativity of time
with clocks and
with muons. You
are also right
that one is not
much better off
with double loops
(or any other
kinds of loops)
than with two
little hard balls.
This is a problem
for any model of
the electron as a
loop in space
(Viv, John M,
Chip, John D –
this is why the
electron cannot be
a little spatial
loop – it is not
consistent with
scattering
experiments!). Now
this is a problem
in space-space but
not in more
complex spaces as
Martin and I have
argued (see SPIE
electron paper for
up to date
description of
this – from my
perspective). It
is more proper to
say the loops are
in “momentum
space” though this
is not quite
correct either.
They are in the
space(s) they are
in – all nine
degrees of freedom
(dimensions if you
like) of them.
None of the nine
are “space”. For
me, they are not
little loops in
space. In space
they are
spherical. You are
not correct – as
the DESY director
said and as I said
in the “panel”
discussion- that
one would not
“see” this. One
would. Only if one
of the balls were
not there ( I like
your get out of
saying that!),
would one observe
what one observes.
In my view,
however, if it is
not there it is
not there. I’m
open to persuasion
if you can give me
a mechanism
though!</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">Gotta go
... need to sort
out tutorials ...<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana;
background-color:
white;">Regards,
John W.</span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 5pt; font-family: Helvetica;
background-color:
white;"></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin: 0cm
0cm 10pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478webkit-block-placeholder" clear="none">
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-family:
'Times New Roman';
font-size: 16px;">
<hr
class="yiv2857717478"
tabindex="-1">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
id="yiv2857717478divRpF633381" style="direction: ltr;"><font
class="yiv2857717478"
size="2"
face="Tahoma"><b
class="yiv2857717478">From:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>General
[<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>]
on behalf of Dr.
Albrecht Giese [<a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a></a>]<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Sent:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, September 28,
2015 4:39 PM<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">To:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>Richard Gauthier;
Nature of Light
and Particles -
General
Discussion<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Subject:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General]
research papers<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</font><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">Richard,<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
you have asked
some questions
about my electron
model and I am
glad to answer
them.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Does my model
explain the
relativistic mass
increase of the
electron at
motion? Yes it
does. According to
my model the mass
of an electron
is m=h(bar) / (R<sub
class="yiv2857717478">el</sub>*c), where R<sub class="yiv2857717478">el</sub>
is the radius for
the electron
(which is equally
valid for all
elementary
particles). Now,
as the binding
field in the
electron contracts
at motion by gamma
(as initially
found by Heaviside
in 1888), also the
size of the
electron contracts
at motion by
gamma. So the mass
of the electron
increases by gamma
and also of course
its dynamical
energy. - That is
very simple and
elementary. The
same
considerations
apply for the
relativistic
momentum of the
electron.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
(This is all
described in my
web site<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="http://www.ag-physics.org/rmass"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.ag-physics.org/rmass">www.ag-physics.org/rmass</a></a><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>; you can also find
it via Google by
the search string
"origin of mass".
There it is within
the first two
positions of the
list, where the
other one is of
Frank Wilczek;
since 10 years we
both are
struggling to be
the number one.)<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
However, the
contraction only
occurs in the
direction of
motion. So the
cross section of
the electron is
not changed by the
motion. And in so
far this
contraction is not
able to explain
the small size of
the electron found
in scattering
experiments. -
Another point is
that this small
size was also
found in
scattering
experiments at
energies smaller
than 29 GeV. And,
another
determination, in
the Penning trap
the size of the
electron turns out
to be < 10^-22
m.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
So there must be
something in the
electron which is
much smaller than
the Compton
wavelength. The
model of two
orbiting
sub-particles is
an extremely
simple model which
also explains a
lot else.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Regarding the
uncertainty
relation of
Heisenberg, I have
a very "technical"
understanding of
it as I have
explained it in
our meeting. There
is nothing
imprecise within
the electron
itself, only the
measurement has
limited precision.
The reason is
simple. Normally
an interaction of
the electron is an
interaction of its
de Broglie wave
with another
object. This wave
is a wave packet,
the size of which
is round about
given by the size
of the
electron-configuration
(Compton
wavelength); the
size of a wave
packet is not very
precisely defined.
And on the other
hand, the
frequency of a
limited packet is
not precisely
measurable. The
relation of both
limitations is
well known by
electric
engineers, the
rule is sometimes
called "Nyquist
theorem". Now, as
the frequency is
related to the
energy of the
particle, the
Nyquist theorem is
identical with
Heisenberg's
uncertainty
relation; only the
interpretation of
quantum theorists
is less technical.
They assume that
the physical
situation itself
is imprecise, not
only the
measurement. Here
I do not follow
the QM
interpretation.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Albrecht<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<div
class="yiv2857717478moz-cite-prefix">Am
26.09.2015 um
19:57 schrieb
Richard
Gauthier:<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">Albrecht,
Al, Martin et
al</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
One solution
that I think
John W,
Martin, Chip
(I think),
Vivian (as I
remember) and
I all agree on
(I’m not sure
about John M’s
electron
model) with
our electron
models is that
the electron
(as a
circulating
light-speed
entity)
decreases in
size with
increasing
speed of the
electron. Just
as a photon’s
wavelength
(and
presumably
also its
transverse
size or
extent)
decreases
proportionally
as 1/E with a
photon’s
energy E=hf, a
high energy
relativistic
electron
(whose de
Broglie
wavelength is
nearly equal
to the
wavelength of
a high energy
photon having
the same total
energy as the
high energy
electron)
should also
decrease its
lateral size
similarly with
its energy.
The lateral
size of an
electron
decreases as
1/gamma
according to
John and
Martin due to
energy
considerations.
In my model
the radius of
the charged
photon’s
helical
trajectory
decreases as
1/gamma^2 but
with a more
detailed
extended
(internally
superluminal)
model of the
charged photon
also decreases
as 1/gamma . A
1/gamma
decrease is
enough to
match the high
energy (around
29GeV)
scattering
size of an
electron found
to be <
10^-18 meters
even though
the size of
the resting
electron (on
the order of
the Compton
wavelength) is
around 10^-12
- 10^-13 m. So
this I think
is a solved
problem with
respect to our
models.</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
I don’t know
if Albrecht’s
electron model
decreases as
1/gamma with
increasing
electron
speed. I think
not. But
Albrecht’s
model doesn’t
I think take
into account
that the
electron’s
total energy
increases
proportionally
with gamma and
so the
frequency of
the 2
circulating
mass-less
particles
should also
increase
proportionally
with gamma if
the energy of
his model is
to correspond
to the
experimentally
measured
moving
electron’s
energy E=
gamma mc^2 .
That should
require the
radius of the
2-particle
orbit to
decrease with
his electron
model’s speed
if the 2
orbiting
particles are
to continue to
circulate at
light-speed.
So Albrecht's
model’s size
should also
decrease at
least as
1/gamma with
its speed,and
the need for
the 2 massless
particles in
his model is
unnecessary to
explain the
small size of
the electron
at high
speeds. As
far as
conservation
of momentum
requiring 2
circulating
particles,
John W.’s
model proposes
to solve this
with his p-vot
which causes
the photon to
curve into a
double loop
and produce
the electron’s
rest mass (as
I understand
it) and
charge. But
also the delta
x delta p >
hbar/2
requirement of
Heisenberg’s
uncertainty
principle for
detectable
variability in
position and
velocity means
that probably
for any
Compton
wavelength
electron model
the amount of
violation of
conservation
of momentum of
a single
light-speed
photon-like
object looping
around would
not be
experimentally
detectable
(and so
allowed since
it is not
experimentally
detected) as
being (like a
virtual
particle in
QED) under the
wire of the
Heisenberg
uncertainty
principle.</div>
</blockquote>
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
Richard</div>
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">On
Sep 26, 2015,
at 8:57 AM,
John Duffield
<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:johnduffield@btconnect.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:johnduffield@btconnect.com">johnduffield@btconnect.com</a></a>>
wrote:</div>
<br
class="yiv2857717478Apple-interchange-newline"
clear="none">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478WordSection1"
style="font-family:
Helvetica;
font-size:
12px;
font-style:
normal;
font-variant:
normal;
font-weight:
normal;
letter-spacing:
normal;
line-height:
normal;
text-indent:
0px;
text-transform:
none;
white-space:
normal;
word-spacing:
0px;
background-color:
rgb(255, 255,
255);">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">Albrecht:</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);"> </span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">In
case Martin is
tied up,
here’s his
1997 paper:<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.cybsoc.org/electron.pdf"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.cybsoc.org/electron.pdf">http://www.cybsoc.org/electron.pdf</a></a><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>co-authored with John
Williamson.<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);"> </span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">As
regards
electron size,
it’s field is
what it is. In<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
rel="nofollow"
shape="rect"
class="yiv2857717478"
target="_blank"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital#Electron_properties"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;">atomic
orbitals</a><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>electrons “exist as
standing
waves”.
Standing wave,
standing
field. We can
diffract
electrons. I
think the
electron has
size like a
seismic wave
has size. A
seismic wave
might have an
amplitude of 1
metre, and a
wavelength of
a kilometre.
But when it
travels from A
to B it isn’t
just the
houses on top
of the AB line
that shake.
Houses shake a
hundred miles
away. And that
seismic wave
is still
detectable on
the other side
f the Earth.
It’s not
totally
different for
an ocean wave,
see<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true" rel="nofollow" shape="rect" class="yiv2857717478"
target="_blank"
href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Deep_water_wave.gif"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;">this
gif</a>. The
amplitude
might be 1m,
but that isn’t
the size of
the wave, nor
is the
wavelength.
The red test
particles are
still
circulating
deep below the
water.<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);"> </span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">Try
to imagine a
wave going
round and
round, in a
double loop,
then make it a
tighter loop.
Then have a
look at<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true" rel="nofollow" shape="rect" class="yiv2857717478"
target="_blank"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_knot_theory"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;">some
knots</a>.
Photon
momentum is a
measure of
resistance to
change-in-motion
for a wave
propagating
linearly at c.
When it’s a
511keV wave
going round
and round at
c, we don’t
call it a
photon any
more. But it
still exhibits
resistance to
change-in-motion.
Only we don’t
call it a
momentum any
more. We call
it mass. Make
sure you read<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
rel="nofollow"
shape="rect"
class="yiv2857717478"
target="_blank" href="http://www.tardyon.de/mirror/hooft/hooft.htm"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;">this</a>.
It’s not the
Nobel ‘t
Hooft.<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);"> </span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">Regards</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">John
Duffield</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);"> </span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="border-style:
solid none
none;
border-top-color:
rgb(225, 225,
225);
border-top-width:
1pt; padding:
3pt 0cm 0cm;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color:
windowtext;"
lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color:
windowtext;"
lang="EN-US"><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>General [<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>]<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="yiv2857717478">On
Behalf Of<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Dr. Albrecht
Giese<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Sent:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>26 September 2015
15:46<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">To:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Subject:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General]
research
papers</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"> </div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 12pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;">Hi
Martin, Al,
and all,<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
thank you all
for your
contributions.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<u
class="yiv2857717478">Regarding
the size of
the electron:</u><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
As Al argued
in his example
of the sun: If
the scattered
object is
passing by
without
touching, the
angular
distribution
is independent
of the size of
the object
(for the 1/r^2
case). But
that changes
if the
scattered
particle hits
the body of
the "ball". In
a last
experiment in
2004 at DESY
there was an
experiment
performed in
which
electrons were
scattered
against quarks
(of a proton).
The "common"
size of both
particles
resulted in a
bit less than
10^-18 m. This
limit is given
by the ratio
of scattered
events which
react
different from
the 1/r^2
rule. - In
this
experiment it
was also found
that the
electron is
not only
subject to the
electric
interaction
but also to
the strong
interaction. I
think that
this is also
important for
assessing
electron
models.<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
This result of
the size seems
in clear
conflict with
the evaluation
of Schrödinger
and Wilczek
using the
uncertainty
relation.
Schroedinger
made the
following
statement to
it: "Here I
have got the
following
result for the
size of the
electron (i.e.
the Compton
radius). But
we know that
the electron
is point-like.
So, I must
have an error
in my
evaluation.
However, I do
not find this
error." So
also for
Schrödinger
this was an
unsolvable
conflict.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
I think that
if the
electron would
be point like
on the one
hand but
oscillate far
enough so as
to fill the
size of the
Compton
wavelength,
this would be
a violation of
the
conservation
of momentum.
Very clearly,
a single
object cannot
oscillate.
That was also
obvious for
Schrödinger
and clearly
his reason to
call the
internal
motion
"Zitterbewegung".
This is a word
which does not
exist in the
German
vocabulary of
physical
terms. But
Schrödinger
hesitated (by
good reason)
to use the
German word
for
"oscillation".<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
On the other
hand, if the
electron is
built by two
sub-particles,
this solves
the problem.
The
sub-particle
is point-like
(at least with
respect to its
charge), but
both
sub-particles
orbit each
other, which
reserves the
momentum law,
and the
orbital radius
is the reduced
Compton
wavelength. -
The argument
of Martin that
a model of two
sub-particles
is "refuted by
the
experiment" is
often heart
but not
applicable to
my model. The
usual argument
is that a
sufficient
effort has
been done to
decompose an
electron by a
strong
bombardment.
This was also
done here at
DESY. But in
my model the
sub-particles
have no mass
on their own
(the mass of
the electron
is caused by
the dynamics
of the binding
field). And in
such a case
one of the
sub-particles
may be
accelerated by
an arbitrary
amount, the
other one can
always follow
without any
force coming
up. A
decomposition
by bombardment
is therefore
never
possible. - I
have discussed
this point
with the
research
director of
DESY who was
responsible
for such
experiments,
and after at
first
objecting it,
he admitted,
that my model
is not in
conflict with
these
experiments.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Martin: Where
do I find your
paper of 1997?<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<u
class="yiv2857717478">Regarding
dilation:</u><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
There is a lot
of clear
indications
for dilation.
Two examples:<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
- The atomic
clocks in the
GPS satellites
are slowed
down which has
to be
compensated
for<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
- In the Muon
storage ring
at CERN the
lifetime of
these Muons
was extended
by the great
amount ca.
250, which was
in precise
agreement with
special
relativity.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Contraction,
on the other
hand, is in so
far more a
point of
interpretation
as it cannot
be directly
measured - in
contrast to
dilation.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Best wishes<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
Albrecht<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;">Am
26.09.2015 um
01:48 schrieb<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a>:</div>
</div>
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Well!
The water I
was trying to
offer was:
might it not
be a good idea
to distinguish
clearly and
specifically
between the
size of a
point and the
size of the
volumn in
which this
point is
insessently
moving about.
If your 97
paper does
that, my
appologies.
Does it?
Forgive me, I
have over a
couple hundred
papers I'd
like to have
read and
digested
laying about,
I do my best
but still
can't get to
them all. The
chances are
better,
however, if a
paper attracts
lots of
attention
because it
predicted
something new
to be observed
empirically.
Did it? </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">BTW,
I did not
imply that the
work I refered
to is better.
But, it (in
Rowland's
avantar) is
certainly as
extensive as
yours. In any
case, it
potentially
undermines
your
"shot-from-the-hip"
criticism of
Albrecht's
program by
introducing a
feature to
which neither
you nor John
refered to, in
my best
memory, at San
Diego. My
comment was
not intended
ad hominum,
but made on
the presumtion
that you too
have hundreds
of unread
papers
available. </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Best,
Al</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
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12pt;
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'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
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font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="border-style:
none none none
solid;
border-left-color:
rgb(195, 217,
229);
border-left-width:
1.5pt;
padding: 0cm
0cm 0cm 8pt;
margin: 7.5pt
3.75pt 3.75pt
7.5pt;
word-wrap:
break-word;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin-bottom:
7.5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;">Gesendet:</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> Freitag,
25. September
2015 um 19:56
Uhr<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Von:</b> "Mark,
Martin van
der"<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com"><martin.van.der.mark@philips.com></a></a><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">An:</b> "Nature
of Light and
Particles -
General
Discussion"<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org></a></a><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Betreff:</b> Re:
[General]
research
papers</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Al,
just read what
i wrote. It is
not shooting
from the hip.
I am refering
to actual
experiments,
all cited in
the paper i
refered to.
Further, you
are just
repeating what
i said
already. I can
only bring you
to the water,
i cannot make
you drink. And
then you refer
to other
doubtfull
work, as id it
were better.
Good luck.</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Regards,
Martin<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Verstuurd
vanaf mijn
iPhone</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
Op 25 sep.
2015 om 19:16
heeft "<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a>"
<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a>>
het volgende
geschreven:<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
</span></div>
</div>
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Dear
Martin,</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Perhaps
it's my Texas
background,
but I think I
sense some
"shoot'n from
the hip."</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">You
have not done
an experiment,
but (at best)
a calculation
based on some
hypothtical
input of your
choise. Maybe
it's good,
maybe not. </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">The
Sun scatters
as a point
only those
projectiles
that don't get
close. So
far, no
scattering off
electons has
gotten close
enough to
engage any
internal
structure,
"they" say
(I#ll defer to
experts
up-to-date).
Nevertheless,
electrons are
in constant
motion at or
near the speed
of light
(Zitterbewegung)
and therefore
at the time
scales of the
projectiles
buzz around
(zittern) in a
certain amout
of space,
which seems to
me must
manifest
itself as if
there were
spacially
exteneded
structure
within the
scattering
cross-section.
Why not?</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Not
to defend
Albrecht's
model as he
describes it,
but many folks
(say Peter
Rowlands at
Liverpool, for
example) model
elemtary
particles in
terms of the
partiicle
itself
interacting
with its
induced
virtual image
(denoted by
Peter as the
"rest of the
universe").
This
"inducement"
is a kind of
polarization
effect. Every
charge repells
all other like
charges and
attracts all
other unlike
charges
resulting in
what can be
modeled as a
virtual charge
of the
opposite
gender
superimposed
on itself in
the static
approximation.
But, because
the real
situation is
fluid, the
virtual
charge's
motion is
delayed as
caused by
finite light
speed, so that
the two chase
each other.
Etc. Looks
something like
Albrecht's
pairs.</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">I
too havn't
read your 97
paper yet, but
I bet it's
unlikely that
you all took
such
consideration
into account.</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Best,
Al </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="border-style:
none none none
solid;
border-left-color:
rgb(195, 217,
229);
border-left-width:
1.5pt;
padding: 0cm
0cm 0cm 8pt;
margin: 7.5pt
3.75pt 3.75pt
7.5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin-bottom:
7.5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;">Gesendet:</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> Freitag,
25. September
2015 um 18:44
Uhr<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Von:</b> "Mark,
Martin van
der" <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</a></a>><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">An:</b> "Nature
of Light and
Particles -
General
Discussion"
<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>>,
"<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de">phys@a-giese.de</a></a>"
<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de">phys@a-giese.de</a></a>><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Betreff:</b> Re:
[General]
research
papers</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">Dear
Al, dear
Albrecht, dear
all,</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">In
the paper John
W and I
published in
1997, the
situation is
explained
briefly but
adequately.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">Clearly
Albrecht has
not read it
or, perhaps he
did but does
not want to
understand it
because it
really
destroys his
work. This is
a double pity,
of course, but
we are talking
science, not
sentiment, and
I do not want
to take away
anything from
the person you
are Albrecht.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">The
electron has a
finite size,
of the oder of
the Compton
wavelength,
but the
Coulomb
interaction is
perfectly
matched in ANY
experiment,
which means
there are no
internal bits
to the
electron and
that it
behaves as a
point-LIKE
scatterer, not
a to be
mistaken by a
POINT as is
done most of
the time. Note
that even the
sun has
point-like
scattering for
all comets
that go round
it, its
gravitational
field seems to
come from the
centre of the
sun. Until you
hit other
bits. There
are no other
bits for the
electron, but
at very high
energy the
4-momentum
exchange
combined with
the resolving
power at that
high energy
make that a
Compton-size
object CANNOT
be resolved in
principle, if
and only if it
is of
electromagnetic
origin.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">The
electron is a
single thing,
of
electromagnetic
origin only,
there is NO
OTHER WAY to
fit the
experimental
results.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">Well,
maybe there is
another way,
but I cannot
see it.
Certainly it
is not two
parts rotating
about each
other, because
that is
refuted by
experiment,
all those
models can go
in the bin and
are a waste of
time and
energy.</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">Regards,
Martin</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);"> </span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">Dr.
Martin B. van
der Mark</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">Principal
Scientist,
Minimally
Invasive
Healthcare</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: navy;"> </span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">Philips
Research
Europe -
Eindhoven</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">High
Tech Campus,
Building 34
(WB2.025)</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">Prof.
Holstlaan 4</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">5656
AE Eindhoven,
The
Netherlands</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">Tel:
+31 40 2747548</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);"> </span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="border-style:
solid none
none;
border-top-color:
rgb(181, 196,
223);
border-top-width:
1pt; padding:
3pt 0cm 0cm;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size:
10pt;
font-family:
Tahoma,
sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma,
sans-serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>General [<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>]<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="yiv2857717478">On
Behalf Of<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></b><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Sent:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>vrijdag 25 september
2015 18:05<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">To:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de">phys@a-giese.de</a></a>;<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Cc:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and
Particles -
General
Discussion<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Subject:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General]
research
papers</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"> </div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Gentelmen:</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Shouldn't
a clear and
explicit
distinction
between the
"size" of the
electron and
the "extent"
of its
Zitterbewegung
be made. My
best info,
perhaps not
up-to-date, is
that although
scattering
experiments
put an upper
limit on the
size
(10^-19m),
there exists
in fact no
evidence that
the electron
has any finite
size
whatsoever.
This is in
contrast to
the space it
consumes with
its
Zitter-motion,
which is what
would be
calculated
using QM
(Heisenberg
uncertanty
mostly).
Seems to me
that most of
what folks
theorize about
is the latter,
without saying
so, and
perhaps often
without even
recognizing
it. However,
since the
Zitter volumn
will cause
electrons to
be moving
targets, it
must also have
some effect on
its scatering
cross-section
too. I don't
know how this
is sorted out
in scattering
calculations---if
at all.
(Albrectht?)</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Correct
me if I'm
wrong. Best,
Al</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman',
serif;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="border-style:
none none none
solid;
border-left-color:
rgb(195, 217,
229);
border-left-width:
1.5pt;
padding: 0cm
0cm 0cm 8pt;
margin: 7.5pt
3.75pt 3.75pt
7.5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin-bottom:
7.5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;">Gesendet:</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> Freitag,
25. September
2015 um 15:06
Uhr<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Von:</b> "Dr.
Albrecht
Giese" <<a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a></a>><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">An:</b> "Richard
Gauthier" <<a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com">richgauthier@gmail.com</a></a>>,<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de">phys@a-giese.de</a></a><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Cc:</b> "Nature
of Light and
Particles -
General
Discussion"
<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Betreff:</b> Re:
[General]
research
papers</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Hello
Richard,<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
according to
present
mainstream
physics the
size of the
electron is
not more than
10^-19 m. This
is concluded
from
scattering
experiments
where the size
of the
electric
charge is the
quantity of
influence.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
As present
mainstream
physics
(including the
QED of
Feynman)
assume that
the electron
has no
internal
structure and
that the
electric force
is the only
one effective,
this size is
identified
with the size
of the whole
electron. This
is in severe
conflict with
the
calculations
of Schrödinger
and of Wilczek
based on QM.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
I have the
impression
that several
of us
(including me)
have models of
the electron
which assume
some extension
roughly
compatible
with the QM
calculations.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Some details
of my model
related to
this question:
Here the
electron is
built by 2
sub-particles
("basic
particles")
which orbit
each other at
c. The
electric force
is not the
only force
inside. The
radius
following from
the magnetic
moment is the
reduced
Compton
wavelength,
and the mass
of the
electron
follows with
high precision
from this
radius. At
motion the
size decreases
by the
relativistic
factor gamma,
and so the
mass increases
by this
factor. -
However there
was always a
point of a
certain
weakness in my
model: I could
not prove that
the electron
is built by
just 2
sub-particles
carrying 1/2
elementary
charge each.
Now Wilczek
writes in his
article that
in certain
circumstances
-
superconductivity
in the
presence of a
magnetic field
- the electron
is decomposed
into two
halves. This
is the result
of
measurements.
How can this
happen with a
point-like
particle? This
is a mystery
for Wilczek.
But in the
view of my
model it is no
mystery but
quite
plausible. It
only needs now
a quantitative
calculation of
this process
which I
presently do
not have.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
All the best
to you<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Albrecht<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Am
23.09.2015 um
19:02 schrieb
Richard
Gauthier:</span></div>
</div>
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Hello
Albrecht,</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">
Yes, all of
our electron
models here
have a radius
related to the
Compton
wavelength.
Dirac’s
zitterbewegung
amplitude is
1/2 of the
reduced
Compton
wavelength, or
hbar/2mc ,
which is the
radius of the
generic
circulating
charged
photon’s
trajectory in
my circulating
spin 1/2
charged photon
model for a
resting
electron. That
radius
decreases by a
factor of
gamma^2 in a
moving
electron. Does
yours?
Incorporating
a more
detailed spin
1/2 charged
photon model
with the
generic model
could bring
the model's
radius up to
the reduced
Compton
wavelength
hbar/mc.</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">
all the
best,</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">
Richard</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">On
Sep 22, 2015,
at 11:13 AM,
Dr. Albrecht
Giese <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a></a>>
wrote:</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Dear
Richard,<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
thank you for
this reference
to the article
of Frank
Wilczek.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
He has a
quantum
mechanical
argument to
determine a
size for the
electron. It
is the
application of
the
uncertainty
relation to
the magnetic
moment of the
electron. The
result is as
you write: 2.4
x 10^-12 m,
which is the
Compton
wavelength of
the electron.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
This is a bit
similar to the
way as Erwin
Schrödinger
has determined
the size of
the electron
using the
Dirac function
in 1930. There
Schrödinger
determined the
"amplitude of
the
zitterbewegung"
also applying
the
uncertainty
relation to
the rest
energy of the
electron. It
was "roughly"
10^-13 m,
which also
meant in his
words the
Compton
wavelength of
the electron.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
In my electron
model its
radius is 3.86
x 10^-13 m,
which is
exactly the
"reduced"
Compton
wavelength.
But here it is
not an
expectation
value as in
the cases of
Wilczek and
Schrödinger
but the exact
radius of the
orbits of the
basic
particles.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Thank you
again and best
wishes<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Albrecht<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">Am
21.09.2015 um
05:01 schrieb
Richard
Gauthier:</span></div>
</div>
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">This
2013 Nature
comment “The
enigmatic
electron” by
Frank Wilczek
at <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com">http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com</a></a> is
worth a look.
He states that
due to QM
effects, the
size of the
electron is
about 2.4 x
10^-12 m,
which is
roughly in the
range of some
of our
electron
models.</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">
Richard</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;">On
Sep 16, 2015,
at 12:59 PM,
Wolfgang Baer
<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:wolf@nascentinc.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:wolf@nascentinc.com">wolf@nascentinc.com</a></a>>
wrote:</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;
background-color:
white;">I
should add you
sent me
Main-2014.pdf
and that may
be the one not
available on
the web sight.</span><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Helvetica,
sans-serif;
background-color:
white;">I was
looking for a
similar one
that included
the other
topics as
well.</span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;"><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="background-color:
white;">If you
do not have
it, its OK, I
just like
reading from
paper.</span><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="background-color:
white;">best
wishes,</span><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="background-color:
white;">Wolf</span></span><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<pre class="yiv2857717478" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; background-color: white;">Dr. Wolfgang Baer</pre>
<pre class="yiv2857717478" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; background-color: white;">Research Director</pre>
<pre class="yiv2857717478" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; background-color: white;">Nascent Systems Inc.</pre>
<pre class="yiv2857717478" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; background-color: white;">tel/fax 831-659-3120/0432</pre>
<pre class="yiv2857717478" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; background-color: white;">E-mail <span class="yiv2857717478" style="color: purple;"><a moz-do-not-send="true" rel="nofollow" shape="rect" class="yiv2857717478" ymailto="mailto:wolf@NascentInc.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:wolf@NascentInc.com" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">wolf@NascentInc.com</a></span></pre>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;">On
9/14/2015
12:45 PM, Dr.
Albrecht Giese
wrote:</span></div>
</div>
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;
word-spacing:
0px;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;">John,<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
You wrote a
long text, so
I will enter
my answers
within your
text.</span><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Helvetica,
sans-serif;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;">Am
14.09.2015 um
02:54 schrieb
John Macken:</span></div>
</div>
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Hello
David and
Albrecht,</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">It was
through the
contact with
this group
that I was
finally able
to understand
the disconnect
that existed
between my
idea of vacuum
energy and the
picture that
others were
obtaining from
my use of the
term
“energy”.
Many of the
mysteries of
quantum
mechanics and
general
relativity can
be traced to
the fact that
fields exist
and yet we do
not have a
clear idea of
what they
are. My
answer is that
we live within
a sea of
vacuum
activity which
is the
physical basis
of the
mysterious
fields. I
combine all
fields into a
single
“spacetime
field” which
is the basis
of all
particles,
fields and
forces.<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;">David</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">, you
asked about
the words<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>quantum, quantifying
and
quantizing. I
did a word
search and I
did not use
the word
“quantizing”
in either the
email or the
attachment to
my last post.
However, the
paper<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">Energetic Spacetime: The New Aether</i><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>submitted
to SPIE as
part of the
conference
presentation,
used and
defines the
word
“quantization”.
This paper was
attached to
previous
posts, and is
available at
my website: <span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://onlyspacetime.com/"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://onlyspacetime.com/">http://onlyspacetime.com/</a></a></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;">Albrecht</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">: I can
combine my
answer to you
with the
clarification
for David of
the word
“quantify” and
its
derivatives.
I claim that
my model of
the universe
“quantifies”
particles and
fields. I
will start my
explanation of
this concept
by giving
examples of
models which
do not
“quantify”
particles and
fields. There
have been
numerous
particle
models from
this group and
others which
show an
electron model
as two balls
orbiting
around a
center of
mass. Most of
the group
identifies
these balls as
photons but
Albrecht names
the two balls
“charges of
the strong
force”. Both
photons and
charges of
strong force
are just
words. To be
quantifiable,
it is
necessary to
describe the
model of the
universe which
gives the
strong force
or the
electromagnetic
force. What
exactly are
these? How
much energy
and energy
density does
one charge of
strong force
have? Can a
photon occupy
a volume
smaller than a
reduced
Compton
wavelength in
radius? Does a
muon have the
same basic
strong force
charge but
just rotate
faster? Are
the charges of
strong force
or photons
made of any
other more
basic
component?</span></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-family:
Helvetica,
sans-serif;">Regarding
charge: This
is a basic
entity in my
model. At some
point a
physical
theory has to
start. My
model starts
with the
assumption
that a charge
is an "atomic"
entity, so
possibly
point-like,
which emits
exchange
particles (in
this point I
follow the
general
understanding
of QM). There
are two types
of charges:
the electric
ones which we
are very
familiar with,
having two
signs, and the
strong ones,
which are not
so obvious in
everyday
physics; they
also have two
signs. In the
physical
nature we find
the charges of
the strong
force only in
configurations
made of those
different
signs, never
isolated. This
is in contrast
to the
electric
charges.<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
The basic
particles are
composed of a
collection of
charges of the
strong force
so that both
basic
particles are
bound to each
other in a way
that they keep
a certain
distance. This
distance
characterizes
an elementary
particle. In
several (or
most) cases
there is
additionally
an electric
charge in the
basic
particle.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
The two
parameters I
have to set -
or to find -
are the shape
of the strong
field in the
elementary
particle. Here
I have defined
an equation
describing a
minimum
multi-pole
field to make
the elementary
particle
stable. The
other setting
is the
strength of
this field.
This strength
can be found
e.g. using the
electron
because the
electron is
well known and
precisely
measured. This
field is then
applicable for
all leptons as
well as for
all quarks. It
is also
applicable for
the photon
with the
restriction
that there may
be a
correction
factor caused
by the fact
that the
photon is not
fundamental in
the sense of
this model but
composed of
(maybe) two
other
particles.<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
The size of
the photon is
(at least
roughly)
described by
its
wavelength.
This follows
from the mass
formula
resulting from
my model, as
with this
assumption the
(dynamic) mass
of the photon
is the correct
result.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
As I wrote,
the results of
this model are
very precise,
the prove is
in practice
only limited
by limitations
of the
measurement
processes.</span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I could
go on with
more questions
until it is
possible to
calculate the
properties of
an electron
from the
answers. So
far both
models lack
any
quantifiable
details except
perhaps a
connection to
the particle’s
Compton
frequency. I
am not
demanding
anything more
than I have
already done.
For example, I
cannot
calculate the
electron’s
Compton
frequency or
the fine
structure
constant.
However, once
I install
these into the
model that I
create, and
combine this
with the
properties of
the spacetime
field, then I
get an
electron.
Installing a
muon’s Compton
frequency
generates a
muon with the
correct
electric
field,
electrostatic
force,
curvature of
spacetime,
gravitational
force and de
Broglie
waves. I am
able to
quantify the
distortion of
spacetime
produced by a
charged
particle, an
electric field
and a photon.
I am able to
test these
models and
show that they
generate both
the correct
energy density
and generate a
black hole
when we reach
the distortion
limits of the
spacetime
field.<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;">In
my model the
Compton
frequency of
the electron
(and of the
other leptons)
follows
directly from
the size of
the particle
and the fact
that the basic
particle move
with c. The
fine structure
constant tells
us the
relation of
the electric
force to the
strong force.
This
explanation
follows very
directly from
this model,
however was
also found by
other
theorists
using algebra
of particle
physics.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Another result
of the model
is that
Planck's
constant -
multiplied by
c - is the
field constant
of the strong
force. Also
this is the
result of
other models
(however not
of mainstream
physics).<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">My model
starts with a
quantifiable
description of
the properties
of spacetime.
The spacetime
model has a
specific
impedance
which
describes the
properties of
waves that can
exist in
spacetime.
Then the
amplitude and
frequency of
the waves in
spacetime is
quantified.
This
combination
allows the
energy density
of spacetime
to be
calculated and
this agrees
with the
energy density
of zero point
energy. The
particle
models are
then defined
as ½<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>ħ<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>units of quantized
angular
momentum
existing in
the spacetime
field. This
model is
quantifiable
as to size,
structure,
energy, etc.
Also the fact
that the rate
of time and
proper volume
is being
modulated, it
is possible to
calculate the
effect that
such a
structure
would have on
the
surrounding
volume of
spacetime. It
is possible to
calculate the
effect if the
spacetime-based
particle model
would have if
the coupling
constant was
equal to 1
(Planck
charge), To
get charge<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">e</i>,
it is
necessary to
manually
install the
fine structure
constant. <span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;">How
do you get the
value<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">½<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>ħ</span><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;"> </span></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;">for
the angular
momentum? What
is the
calculation
behind it? - I
understand
that in your
model the
electric
charge is a
parameter
deduced from
other facts.
Which ones?
From alpha?
How do you
then get
alpha?<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
I personally
have in so far
a problem with
all
considerations
using
spacetime as I
have quite
thoroughly
investigated
how Einstein
came to the
idea of this
4-dimentional
construct. His
main
motivation was
that he wanted
in any case to
avoid an
ether. And in
his
discussions
with Ernst
Mach he had to
realize that
he was running
into a lot of
problems with
this
assumption. He
could solve
these problems
in general by
his "curved
spacetime".
But this
concept still
causes logical
conflicts
which are
eagerly
neglected by
the followers
of Einstein's
relativity
(and which do
not exist in
the Lorentzian
way of
relativity).<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">The
quantifiable
properties of
spacetime
imply that
there should
be boundary
conditions
which imply
that the waves
in spacetime
should be
nonlinear.
When the
nonlinear
component is
calculated and
treated as
separate
waves, the
characteristics
of the
particle’s
gravitational
field are
obtained
(correct:
curvature,
effect on the
rate of time,
force and
energy
density).</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">In my
last post I
have given an
answer about
the factor of
10<sup
class="yiv2857717478">120</sup><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>difference between
the observable
energy density
of the
universe and
the
non-observable
energy of the
universe.
This
non-observable
energy density
is absolutely
necessary for
QED
calculations,
zero point
energy, the
uncertainty
principle,
Lamb shift,
spontaneous
emission and
quantum
mechanics in
general. This
non-observable
energy density
is responsible
for the
tremendously
large
impedance of
spacetime c<sup
class="yiv2857717478">3</sup>/G. Since I can also show how this
non-observable
energy density
is obtainable
from
gravitational
wave
equations, it
is necessary
for<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="yiv2857717478">you</b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>to
show how all
these effects
can be
achieved
without
spacetime
being a single
field with
this
non-observable
energy
density. In
fact, the name
non-observable
only applied
to direct
observation.
The indirect
evidence is
everywhere.
It forms the
basis of the
universe and
therefore is
the
“background
noise” of the
universe. For
this reason it
is not
directly
observable
because we can
only detect
differences in
energy. The
constants<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">c,</i><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">G</i>,<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">ħ</i><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">ε<sub class="yiv2857717478">o</sub></i><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>testify
that spacetime
is not an
empty void. <span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;">Up
to now I did
not find any
necessity for
zero-point
energy. And I
find it a
dangerous way
to assume
physical facts
which cannot
be observed.
The greatest
argument in
favour of this
energy is its
use in Feynman
diagrams. But
is there
really no
other way? I
have a lecture
of Feynman
here where he
states that
his formalism
has good
results. But
that he has no
physical
understanding
why it is
successful. In
my
understanding
of the
development of
physics this
is a weak
point.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
The
discrepancy of
10^120 between
assumed and
observed
energy is
taken as a
great and
unresolved
problem by
present main
stream
physics. Those
representatives
would have all
reason to find
a solution to
keep present
QM clean. But
they are not
able to. This
causes me some
concern.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
The constants
you have
listed: c is
the speed of
light what
ever the
reason for it
is. (I have a
model, but it
is a bit
speculative.)
But it has
nothing to do
with energy. G
is the
gravitational
constant which
is as little
understood as
gravity
itself.
Planck's
constant I
have
explained, it
is (with c)
the field
constant of
the strong
force (any
force has to
be described
by a field
constant); and<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">ε<sub
class="yiv2857717478">o</sub></span></i><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;"> </span></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;">is
the field
constant of
the electric
force with a
similar
background.<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">If
spacetime was
an empty void,
why should
particles have
a speed limit
of<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">c</i>? For a thought experiment, suppose that two
spaceships
leave earth
going opposite
directions and
accelerate
until they
reach a speed
of 0.75<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">c</i><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>relative
to the earth.
The earth
bound observer
sees them
separating at
1.5<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">c</i><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>but
the rules of
relativistic
addition of
velocity has a
spaceship
observer
seeing the
other
spaceship
moving away at
only 0.96<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="yiv2857717478">c</i>.
How is this
possible if
spacetime is
an empty
void. My
model of the
universe
answers this
because all
particles,
fields and
forces are
also made of
the spacetime
field and they
combine to
achieve
Lorentz
transformations
which affects
ruler length
and clocks.
None of this
can happen
unless
spacetime is
filled with
dipole waves
in spacetime
and everything
is made of the
single
component.
The universe
is only
spacetime.<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;">If
two spaceships
move at 0.75 c
in opposite
direction, the
observer at
rest may add
these speeds
and may get
1.5 c as a
result. Why
not? If an
observer in
one of the
spaceships
measures the
relative speed
of the other
spaceship, the
result will be
less then c
(as you write
it). The
reason is the
well known
fact that the
measurement
tools
accessible for
the observer
in the ship
are changed
and run
differently at
this high
speed. The
reason for
these changes
is for time
dilation the
internal speed
c in
elementary
particles. For
contraction it
is the
contraction of
fields at
motion which
is a fact
independent of
relativity
(and which was
already known
before
Einstein). In
addition when
the speed of
another object
is to be
measured
several clocks
are to be used
positioned
along the
measurement
section. These
clocks are
de-synchronized
in relation to
the clocks of
the observer
at rest. These
phenomena
together cause
the
measurement
result < c.
You find these
considerations
in papers and
books about
the Lorentzian
interpretation
of relativity.
So, following
Lorentz, there
is no reason
to assume
Einstein's
spacetime.</span><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"><span class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-family:
Helvetica,
sans-serif;"> </span></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">John M.</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica,
sans-serif;">Perhaps
I should read
your book. But
that chould
take a lot of
time, I am
afraid.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Albrecht<span
class="yiv2857717478Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="border-style:
solid none
none;
border-top-color:
rgb(225, 225,
225);
border-top-width:
1pt; padding:
3pt 0cm 0cm;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size:
11pt;
font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"><span class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
11pt;
font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">Dr.
Albrecht Giese
[<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">mailto:genmail@a-giese.de</a></a>]<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Sent:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, September 13,
2015 1:43 PM<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">To:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>John Macken<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:john@macken.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:john@macken.com"><john@macken.com></a></a>;
'Nature of
Light and
Particles -
General
Discussion'<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Subject:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General]
research
papers</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">Hello
John,<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
great that you
have looked so
deeply into
the model
which I have
presented.
Thank you.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
There are some
questions
which I can
answer quite
easily. I
think that
this model in
fact explains
several points
just in
contrast to
main stream
physics. In
standard
physics the
electron (just
as an example)
is a
point-like
object without
any internal
structure. So,
how can a
magnetic
moment be
explained? How
can the spin
be explained?
How can the
mass be
explained? The
position of
main stream
physics is:
That cannot be
explained but
is subject to
quantum
mechanics. And
the fact that
it cannot be
explained
shows how
necessary QM
is.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
In contrast,
if the
electron is
assumed to
have a
structure like
in the model
presented,
these
parameters can
be explained
in a classical
way, and this
explanation is
not merely a
qualitative
one but has
precise
quantitative
results.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
To your
questions in
detail:<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
The fact of
two basic
particles is
necessary to
explain the
fact of an
oscillation
and to fulfil
the
conservation
of momentum. A
single object
(as
point-like)
cannot
oscillate. The
basic
particles are
composed of
charges of the
strong force.
In this model
the strong
force is
assumed to be
the universal
force in our
world
effective on
all particles.
A charge is a
fundamental
object in the
scope of this
model. There
are two kinds
of charges
according to
the two kinds
of forces in
our world, the
strong one and
the electric
one. The weak
force is in
fact the
strong force
but has a
smaller
coupling
constant
caused by
geometric
circumstances.
And gravity is
not a force at
all but a
refraction
process, which
is so a side
effect of the
other forces.
And, by the
way, gravity
is not curved
spacetime.
This is not
necessary, and
besides of
this,
Einstein's
spacetime
leads to
logical
conflicts.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
The forces
(i.e. strong
force) inside
an elementary
particle are
configured in
a way that at
a certain
distance there
is a potential
minimum and in
this way the
distance
between the
basic
particles is
enforced. So,
this field has
attracting and
repulsive
components.
Outside the
elementary
particle the
attracting
forces
dominate to
make the
particle a
stable one.
And those
field parts
outside have
an opposite
sign. Now, as
the basic
particles are
orbiting each
other, the
outside field
is an
alternating
field (of the
strong forth).
If this field
propagates, it
is builds a
wave. This
wave is
described by
the
Schrödinger
equation and
fulfils the
assumptions of
de Broglie.<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
With the
assumption of
two basic
particles
orbiting at c
and subject to
strong force,
the parameters
mass, magnetic
moment, spin
result from it
numerically
correctly
without
further
assumptions.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
This model
does not need
any vacuum
energy or
virtual
particles.
Those are
simply not
necessary and
they are
anyway very
speculative
because not
directly
observable.
And in the
case of the
vacuum energy
of the
universe we
are confronted
with the
discrepancy of
10^120 which
you also
mention in
your paper
attached to
your mail.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
The Coulomb
law can be
easily
explained by
the assumption
(standard at
quantum
mechanics)
that a force
is realized by
exchange
particles. The
density of
exchange
particles and
so the
strength of
the field
diminishes by
1/r^2, which
is simple
geometry.<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
So John, this
is my
position. Now
I am curious
about your
objections of
further
questions.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Best regards<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
Albrecht<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">Am
11.09.2015 um
23:51 schrieb
John Macken:</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Hello
Albrecht and
All,</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I have
attached a one
page addition
that I will
make to my
book. It is a
preliminary
explanation of
my model of
the spacetime
field. It has
been very
helpful to me
to interact
with this
group because
I now
understand
better the key
stumbling
block for some
scientists to
accept my
thesis.
Therefore I
have written
the attached
introduction
to ease the
reader of my
book into my
model. <span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;">Albrecht:</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> <span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>I
appreciate
your email.
We agree on
several points
which include
the size of
the electron
and there is a
similarity in
the
explanation of
gravity. The
key points of
disagreement
are the same
as I have with
the rest of
the group.
Your
explanation of
a fundamental
particle is
not really an
explanation.
You substitute
a fundamental
particle such
as an electron
with two
“basic
particles”.
Have we made
any progress
or did we just
double the
problem? What
is your basic
particles made
of? What is
the physics
behind the
force of
attraction
between the
particles?
What is the
physics behind
an electric
field? How
does your
model create
de Broglie
waves? How
does your
model create a
gravitational
field (curved
spacetime)?
Can you derive
the Coulomb
law and
Newtonian
gravitational
equation from
your model? <span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">These
might seem
like unfair
questions, but
my model does
all of these
things. All it
requires is
the reader
accept the
fact that the
vacuum
possesses
activity which
can be
characterized
as a type of
energy density
that is not
observable (no
rest mass or
momentum).
This is no
different that
accepting that
QED
calculations
should be
believed when
they assume
vacuum energy
or that zero
point energy
really
exists. <span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;">Albrecht</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">,
perhaps I have
come on too
strong, but I
have decided
to take a
firmer stand.
You just
happen to be
the first
person that I
contrast to my
model. I am
actually happy
to discuss the
scientific
details in a
less
confrontational
way. I just
wanted to make
an initial
point.</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">John M.</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="border-style:
solid none
none;
border-top-color:
rgb(225, 225,
225);
border-top-width:
1pt; padding:
3pt 0cm 0cm;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size:
11pt;
font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"><span class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
11pt;
font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">General
[</span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color:
purple;"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">]<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="yiv2857717478">On
Behalf Of<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Dr. Albrecht
Giese<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Sent:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, September 11,
2015 9:52 AM<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">To:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Subject:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General]
research
papers</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">Dear
John Macken,<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
I would like
to answer a
specific topic
in your mail
below. You
write "...
would have
particular
relevance to
the concept
that the Higgs
field is
needed to give
inertia to
fermions".<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
We should not
overlook that
even
mainstream
physicists
working on
elementary
particles
admit that the
Higgs theory
is not able to
explain
inertia. I
give you as a
reference:<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">>Steven
D. Brass, The
cosmological
constant
puzzle,
Journal of
Physics G,
Nuclear and
Particle
Physics 38,
4(2011)
43201< ,</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">which
has the result
that the Higgs
field, which
causes inertia
according to
the theory, is
by at least 56
orders of
magnitude too
small to
explain the
mass of the
elementary
particles.
(Another
weakness is
the fact that
the Higgs
theory does
not tell us
the mass of
any elementary
particle even
if all other
parameters are
known.)<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
As you may
remember, in
our meeting I
have presented
a model
explaining
inertia which
does not only
work as a
general idea
but provides
very precise
results for
the mass of
leptons. The
mass is
classically
deduced from
the size of a
particle. It
also explains
the mass of
quarks, but
here the
verification
is more
difficult, due
to the lack of
measurements.
In addition I
have shown
that the model
also explains
the (dynamic)
mass of
photons, if
the size of a
photon is
related to its
wavelength.<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
You may find
details in the
proceedings of
our San Diego
meeting, but
also on the
following web
sites:<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</span><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;
color:
purple;"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.ag-physics.org/rmass"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.ag-physics.org/rmass">www.ag-physics.org/rmass</a></a></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
</span><span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;
color:
purple;"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="http://www.ag-physics.org/electron"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.ag-physics.org/electron">www.ag-physics.org/electron</a></a></span><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"><span class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
You may also
find the sites
by Google
search
entering the
string "origin
of mass". You
will find it
on position 1
or 2 of the
list, where it
has constantly
been during
the past 12
years.<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
If you have
any questions
about it,
please ask me.
I will be
happy about
any
discussion.<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
With best
regards<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
Albrecht Giese</span><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<span
class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
11pt;
font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Am
04.09.2015 um
18:40 schrieb
John Macken:</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<blockquote
class="yiv2857717478"
type="cite"
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Martin,</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I wanted
to remind you
that I think
that you
should update
your article
“Light Is
Heavy” to
include the
mathematical
proof that
confined light
has exactly
the same
inertia as
particles with
equal energy.
Accelerating a
reflecting box
causes
different
photon
pressure which
results in a
net inertial
force. I
already
reference your
Light Is Heavy
article in my
book, but
expanding the
article would
be even
better. An
expanded
article would
have
particular
relevance to
the concept
that the Higgs
field is
needed to give
inertia to
fermions. The
Higgs field is
not needed to
give inertia
to confined
light.
Furthermore,
confined light
exerts exactly
the correct
inertia and
kinetic
energy, even
at
relativistic
conditions. I
have not seen
a proof that
the Higgs
field gives
exactly the
correct amount
of inertia or
kinetic energy
to fermions.
Any particle
model that
includes
either a
confined
photon or
confined waves
in spacetime
propagating at
the speed of
light gets
inertia and
kinetic energy
from the same
principles as
confined light
in a
reflecting
box.</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">John M.<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"
style="border-style:
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none;
border-top-color:
rgb(225, 225,
225);
border-top-width:
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3pt 0cm 0cm;">
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><b
class="yiv2857717478"><span class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size:
11pt;
font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"><span class="yiv2857717478"
style="font-size:
11pt;
font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">General
[</span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color:
purple;"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a></span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">]<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="yiv2857717478">On
Behalf Of<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Mark, Martin van
der<br
class="yiv2857717478"
clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Sent:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, September 04,
2015 6:34 AM<br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">To:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and
Particles -
General
Discussion<span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span><<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a>><br
class="yiv2857717478" clear="none">
<b
class="yiv2857717478">Subject:</b><span
class="yiv2857717478apple-converted-space"> </span>[General] research
papers</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">Dear
all,</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">My
recent (and
old) work can
be found on
Researchgate:</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);"><a
moz-do-not-send="true" rel="nofollow" shape="rect" class="yiv2857717478"
target="_blank"
href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin_Van_der_Mark/publications"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="color: purple;"></span></a><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin_Van_der_Mark/publications"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin_Van_der_Mark/publications">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin_Van_der_Mark/publications</a></a></span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">In
particular you
will find the
most recent
work:</span></div>
<ul
class="yiv2857717478"
style="margin-bottom:
0cm;"
type="disc">
<li
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">On
the nature of
“stuff” and
the hierarchy
of forces</span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"></span></li>
<li
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">Quantum
mechanical
probability
current as
electromagnetic
4-current from
topological EM
fields</span><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;"></span></li>
</ul>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">Very
best regards,</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478MsoNormal"
style="margin:
0cm 0cm 10pt;
line-height:
17.1200008392334px;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
Cambria;"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(31,
73, 125);">Martin</span></div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">Dr.
Martin B. van
der Mark</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">Principal
Scientist,
Minimally
Invasive
Healthcare</span></div>
</div>
<div
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<div
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sans-serif;
color: navy;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div
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<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">Philips
Research
Europe -
Eindhoven</span></div>
</div>
<div
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<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">High
Tech Campus,
Building 34
(WB2.025)</span></div>
</div>
<div
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<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
color: navy;">Prof.
Holstlaan 4</span></div>
</div>
<div
class="yiv2857717478">
<div
class="yiv2857717478"><span
class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
sans-serif;
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AE Eindhoven,
The
Netherlands</span></div>
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<div
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class="yiv2857717478" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,
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