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<div style="direction: ltr;font-family: Tahoma;color: #000000;font-size: 10pt;">David,<br>
<br>
I think this is a misunderstanding of what the speed of light is and what it means.
<br>
<br>
There are already, necessarily, velocities faster than light as Martin has said. <br>
<br>
The Maxwell equations are not - in themselves the same thing as a U(1) symmetry at all. The U(1) symmetry is, in fact, far too simple for the Maxwell equations. This is despite the stream of crap spouting from the standard source. (U(1) is just isomorphic
to the unit complex circle given by all objects e^(j theta)). Complex, but not nearly complex enough for Maxwell which needs at least (minimally) a Cl(1,3) group. This group (Cl(1,3)) CONTAINS U(1), SU(2) and SU(3). All of this has absolutely and completely
nothing at all to do with the speed of light.<br>
<br>
Hope this clears that up.<br>
<br>
Regards, John W.<br>
<br>
Comments in blue<br>
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<div style="direction: ltr;" id="divRpF292209"><font face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2"><b>From:</b> General [general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] on behalf of davidmathes8@yahoo.com [davidmathes8@yahoo.com]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 26, 2015 5:09 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] To Infinity and Beyond: zero phase index?<br>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3447">John</div>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr" class="">At issue is the speed of light...the question is whether a conditioned EM wave could travel faster than c. An unconditioned EM wave is considered to have U(1) symmetry. In terms of conditioned EM
waves there are higher symmetries other than EM U(1) aka Maxwell Equations. So per Barrett, does topology matter in EM? </div>
<div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_4275" class=""><br>
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<div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_4275" class=""><a href="http://aflb.ensmp.fr/AFLB-26j/aflb26jp055.pdf" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3707" class="" target="_blank">Topological Foundations of Electromagnetism</a> <br id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_4277" class="">
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<div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_4275" class=""><br>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr"><b id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_4917"><i id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_4916">Would conditioning an EM U(1) X SU(2) wave permit higher than c velocities that a simple EM U(1) wave?<br>
<br>
<font color="0000FF">No</font><br>
</i></b></div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr"><br>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr">The direction(s) of photonic electron theory suggests that some sort of symmetry breaking is involved. Topological electromagnetism should be considered.<br>
<br>
<font color="0000FF">This is what I am doing</font><br>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr"><br>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr">Since we are discussing symmetry as well...Phat photons suggest that photon amplitudes can be quantized (E vector). Given the symmetry of the Dirac equations, shouldn't the B-vector also be quantized.
<br>
<font color="0000FF"><br>
Photon quantisation implies B quantisation. Phat photons are good.</font><br>
<br>
Of course, there are three possibilities. </div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr"><br>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr">For n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5...</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr"><br>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr">With the Dirac symmetric equations, if we look at the Poynting Vector, S = E X B and extend phat photon theory to the B component, we have three possibilities.</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr"><br>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr" class="">S = n^2E X n^2B = n^2(E X B) - Current phat photon<br id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_4845" class="">
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr">S = n^2E X B - Asymmetric E-photon <br>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr"><br>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr">S = E X n^2B - Asymmetric B-photon<br>
<font color="0000FF"><br>
Do not see this ... they do not balance so how would they work?</font><br>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr">Best</div>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3449" dir="ltr">David</div>
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<font id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3511" face="Arial" size="2"><b id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3510"><span id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3509" style="font-weight:bold">From:</span></b> John Williamson <John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> "davidmathes8@yahoo.com" <davidmathes8@yahoo.com>; Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org>
<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> Sunday, October 25, 2015 7:53 PM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> Re: [General] To Infinity and Beyond: zero phase index?<br>
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David,<br clear="none">
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I do not get what you mean about SU(2) having a velocity. Is that what you are saying or am I just being dumb?<br clear="none">
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In any event in my book there is - and should not be - any "spooky action at a distance. Whatever that is.<br clear="none">
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Regards, John W.<br clear="none">
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<div id="yiv8902797518divRpF528942" style="direction:ltr"><font id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445834421255_3849" face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2"><b>From:</b> General [general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] on behalf of
davidmathes8@yahoo.com [davidmathes8@yahoo.com]<br clear="none">
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 26, 2015 2:47 AM<br clear="none">
<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br clear="none">
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] To Infinity and Beyond: zero phase index?<br clear="none">
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<div id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9348"><span>Martin</span></div>
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<div id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9310"><span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9424">So to pick up this old threadfrom a week ago...</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9310">Agreed that phase velocity can have "...any velocity, <span class="yiv8902797518" id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9553" style="font-size:14.999999046325684px">+/- infinity."</span></div>
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<div id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9310">However, the assumption is a EM U(1) symmetry. SU(2) and higher may be a better fit for not only what we observe, but what may be possible although not yet observed.</div>
<div id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9310"><br clear="none">
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<div id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9310">Non locality or spooky action at a distance should also have a velocity. This phenomena may not be EM. However, when discussing the speed of light, any velocity should be compared to light-like velocity.</div>
<div id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9310"><br clear="none">
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<div class="yiv8902797518" id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9310">What is the velocity or velocity range of entanglement? There appears to be an upper limit but beyond that of c.</div>
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<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" class="yiv8902797518" id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9983" href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/1303.0614v1.pdf" target="_blank">Bounding the speed of ‘spooky action at a distance</a><br class="yiv8902797518" id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9559" clear="none">
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David</div>
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<font id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9279" face="Arial" size="2"><b><span style="font-weight:bold">From:</span></b> "Mark, Martin van der" <martin.van.der.mark@philips.com><br clear="none">
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> "davidmathes8@yahoo.com" <davidmathes8@yahoo.com>; Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org>
<br clear="none">
<b id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_11786"><span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_11785" style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, October 20, 2015 4:53 AM<br clear="none">
<b id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_11773"><span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_11772" style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> Re: [General] To Infinity and Beyond: zero phase index?<br clear="none">
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<span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_11810" style="font-size:11.0pt">David and all,</span></div>
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<span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9284" style="font-size:11.0pt">Just for the record, there are three kinds of velocity for electromagnetic waves:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="">1)<span style="font:7.0pt"> </span>
</span></span><span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9286" style="font-size:11.0pt">The phase velocity, it governs refraction and as you may guess, the refractive index, n, is the material property related to it. May have any velocity, +/- infinity.
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<span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_11815" style="font-size:11.0pt">v_phase = omega/k</span></div>
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<span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_11814" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_11813" style="">2)<span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_11812" style="font:7.0pt">
</span></span></span><span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9290" style="font-size:11.0pt">The group velocity, this how fast a pulse of light moves and it is always slower than c.
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt">v_group = domega/dk</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="">3)<span style="font:7.0pt"> </span>
</span></span><span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9292" style="font-size:11.0pt">The energy transport velocity, relevant for resonant structures, always slower than c</span></div>
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<span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9294" style="font-size:11.0pt">v_energy = see Amsterdam effect and the book by Brillouin on propagation</span></div>
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<span id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445820941368_9297" style="font-size:11.0pt">Then (as indicated in the first point), on top of this there is the possibility of negative epsilon and mu leading to negative refractive index. This may happen at a resonance
(small bandwidth, limited response time), and is associated with so-called perfect lenses and optical cloaks. Can be made as a meta material. It amplifies the near-field (longitudinal component).</span></div>
<div class="yiv8902797518MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I hope this helps some.</span></div>
<div class="yiv8902797518MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Cheers, Martin</span></div>
<div class="yiv8902797518MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv8902797518MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt" lang="DE">Dr. Martin B. van der Mark</span><span style="color:navy" lang="DE"></span></div>
<div class="yiv8902797518MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Principal Scientist, Minimally Invasive Healthcare</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></div>
<div class="yiv8902797518MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv8902797518MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Prof. Holstlaan 4</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv8902797518MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> General [mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>davidmathes8@yahoo.com<br clear="none">
<b>Sent:</b> dinsdag 20 oktober 2015 1:26<br clear="none">
<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion; Richard Gauthier; Chip Akins<br clear="none">
<b>Subject:</b> [General] To Infinity and Beyond: zero phase index?</span></div>
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<h1 style="margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:15.0pt; margin-left:0cm; background:white">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt">Rich, Chip, John W, Martin et al</span><span style=""></span></h1>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt">I've wondered if the photon or quanta within the confines of an electron could really travel at FTL velocities. </span><span style=""></span></h1>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt">Indeed, one of the parametric models Richard has proposed does fit known experiments to date. </span><span style=""></span></h1>
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<div class="yiv8902797518MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="">So here is an interesting tool for experimentalists: an o</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt">n-chip zero-index metamaterial.</span><span style=""></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style=""><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" id="yiv8902797518yui_3_16_0_1_1445294444662_15318" href="http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nphoton.2015.198.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nphoton.2015.198.html</span></a></span></h1>
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<div class="yiv8902797518MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="">"This novel on-chip metamaterial platform opens the door to exploring the physics of zero index and its applications in integrated optics."</span><span style=""></span></div>
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<div class="yiv8902797518yqt3234319069" id="yiv8902797518yqtfd41381">David</div>
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