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    <font size="-1">Hi Al,<br>
      <br>
      I have gotten a different understanding of what a virtual particle
      or a virtual charge is. This phenomenon was invented by Julian
      Schwinger and Richard Feynman. They thought to need it in order to
      explain certain reactions in particle physics. In the case of
      Schwinger it was the Landé factor, where I have shown that this
      assumption is not necessary.<br>
      <br>
      If there is a charge then of course this charge is subject to
      interactions with all other charges in the universe. That is
      correct. But because of the normal distribution of these other
      charges in the universe, which cause a good compensation of the
      effects, and because of the distance law we can think about models
      without reference to those. And also there is the problem with
      virtual particles and vacuum polarization (which is equivalent),
      in that we have this huge problem that the integrated energy of it
      over the universe is by a factor of 10^120 higher than the energy
      measured. I think this is a really big argument against virtual
      effects. <br>
      <br>
      Your example of the virtual image of a charge in a conducting
      surface is a different case. It is, as you write, the
      rearrangement of charges in the conducting surface. So the partner
      of the charge is physically the mirror, not the picture behind it.
      But which mirror can cause the second particle in a model if the
      second particle is not assumed to be real?<br>
      <br>
      And what in general is the problem with a two particle model? It
      fulfils the momentum law. And it does not cause further conflicts.
      It also explains why an accelerated electron sometimes radiates,
      sometimes not. For an experimental evidence I refer again to the
      article of Frank Wilczek in "Nature" which was mentioned here
      earlier:<br>
      <br>
      <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com">http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com</a>:
      <br>
      <br>
    </font>
    <div class="t m88 x28 h2 y37 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws2"><small><span
          class=""><span class="current-selection">He writes: "By co</span></span><span
          class="_ _0"></span><span class="current-selection">mb</span><span
          class="_ _0"></span><span class="current-selection">ining
          fragmen</span><span class="_ _0"></span><span
          class="current-selection">tatio</span><span class="_ _0"></span><span
          class="current-selection">n with su</span><span class="_ _0"></span><span
          class="current-selection">per</span><span class="ls0 ws0
          current-selection">-</span><span class="current-selection">con</span><span
          class="_ _0"></span><span class="current-selection">ductivity</span><span
          class="_ _3"></span><span class="current-selection">, w</span><span
          class="_ _0"></span><span class="current-selection">e can get
          half-electro</span><span class="_ _0"></span><span
          class="current-selection">ns tha</span><span class="_ _0"></span><span
          class="current-selection">t </span></small><small><span
          class="current-selection">ar</span><span class="_ _0"></span><span
          class="current-selection">e their o</span><span class="_ _0"></span><span
          class="current-selection">wn an</span><span class="_ _0"></span><span
          class=""><span class="current-selection">tiparticles." <br>
          </span> </span></small><br>
    </div>
    <font size="-1">For Wilczek this is a mysterious result, in view of
      my model it is not, on the contrary it is kind of a proof. <br>
      <br>
      Grüße<br>
      Albrecht<br>
      <br>
      <br>
    </font>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><font size="-1">Am 12.11.2015 um 03:06
        schrieb <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
          href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a>:</font><br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:trinity-af9720c9-20d0-419e-b9ab-3d9b301ebd28-1447294017031@3capp-webde-bap02"
      type="cite">
      <div style="font-family: Verdana;font-size: 12.0px;">
        <div>
          <div>Hi Albrecht:</div>
          <div> </div>
          <div>Virtual particles are proxys for an ensemble of real
            particles.  There is nothing folly-lolly about them!  They
            simply summarize the total effect of particles that cannot
            be ignored.  To ignore the remainder of the universe becasue
            it is inconvenient for theory formulation is for certain
            leading to error.  "No man is an island,"  and no single
            particle is a universe!  Thus, it can be argued that, to
            reject the concept of virtual particles is to reject a facit
            of reality that must be essential for an explantion of the
            material world.</div>
          <div> </div>
          <div>For example, if a positive charge is placed near a
            conducting surface, the charges in that surface will respond
            to the positive charge by rearranging themselves so as to
            give a total field on the surface of zero strength as if
            there were a negative charge (virtual) behind the mirror.
             Without the real charges on the mirror surface, the concept
            of "virtual" negative charge would not be necessary or even
            useful.  </div>
          <div> </div>
          <div>The concept of virtual charge as the second particle in
            your model seems to me to be not just a wild supposition,
            but an absolute necessity.  Every charge is, without choice,
            in constant interaction with every other charge in the
            universe, has been so since the big bang (if such were) and
            will remain so till the big crunch (if such is to be)!  The
            universe cannot be ignored. If you reject including the
            universe by means of virtual charges, them you have a lot
            more work to do to make your theory reasonable some how
            else.  In particular in view of the fact that the second
            particles in your model have never ever been seen or even
            suspected in the various experiments resulting in the
            disasssmbly of whatever targert was used.  </div>
          <div> </div>
          <div>MfG,  Al</div>
          <div> 
            <div name="quote" style="margin:10px 5px 5px 10px; padding:
              10px 0 10px 10px; border-left:2px solid #C3D9E5;
              word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space;
              -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">
              <div style="margin:0 0 10px 0;"><b>Gesendet:</b> Mittwoch,
                11. November 2015 um 22:37 Uhr<br>
                <b>Von:</b> "Dr. Albrecht Giese" <a
                  class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                  href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><genmail@a-giese.de></a></a><br>
                <b>An:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                  href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a>,
                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                  href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a><br>
                <b>Betreff:</b> Re: [General] Reply of comments from
                what a model…</div>
              <div name="quoted-content">
                <div style="background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">Hi Al,<br>
                  <br>
                  if we think in categories of a virtual image, then we
                  are in my understanding fully on the path of present
                  main stream QM. I have understood that we all want to
                  do something better than that.<br>
                  <br>
                  Regarding virtual phenomena I would like to remind you
                  again of the history of such ideas. In the 1940ies
                  Julian Schwinger has introduced vacuum polarization
                  (which is equivalent to virtual particles according to
                  Feynman) to determine the Landé factor for refining
                  the Bohr magneton. This was the birth of it.<br>
                  <br>
                  On the other hand I have shown that I can deduce the
                  Bohr magneton as well as the Landé factor in a
                  classical way if I use my particle model. And that is
                  possible and was done on a pure classical way. For me
                  this is a good example that we can do things better
                  than by QM. In particular I try to have correct
                  results without using any virtual objects.<br>
                  <br>
                  Back to your question: If we build a particle model on
                  a classical basis then there is no place for a virtual
                  image, and so I see the need for two sub-particles.<br>
                  <br>
                  Ciao, Albrecht<br>
                  <br>
                  <br>
                   
                  <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 11.11.2015 um 17:27
                    schrieb <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                      href="af.kracklauer@web.de" target="_parent">af.kracklauer@web.de</a>:</div>
                  <blockquote>
                    <div style="font-family: Verdana;font-size: 12.0px;">
                      <div> 
                        <div> 
                          <div style="margin: 10.0px 5.0px 5.0px
                            10.0px;padding: 10.0px 0 10.0px
                            10.0px;border-left: 2.0px solid
                            rgb(195,217,229);">
                            <div style="margin: 0 0 10.0px 0;"><b>Gesendet:</b> Mittwoch,

                              11. November 2015 um 11:54 Uhr<br>
                              <b>Von:</b> "Dr. Albrecht Giese" <a
                                class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                                href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><genmail@a-giese.de></a></a><br>
                              <b>An:</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                                href="general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
                                target="_parent">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a><br>
                              <b>Betreff:</b> Re: [General] Reply of
                              comments from what a model…</div>
                            <div>
                              <div style="background-color:
                                rgb(255,255,255);">
                                <div>Hi  Albrecht:</div>
                                <div> </div>
                                <div><font color="#006600">You said:  A
                                    model with only one particle is in
                                    my view also not possible as it
                                    violates the conservation of
                                    momentum. A single object can never
                                    oscillate.</font></div>
                                <div> </div>
                                <div><font color="#006600">I ask: </font><span
                                    style="color:
                                    rgb(0,102,0);font-family:
                                    Verdana;font-size:
                                    12.0px;line-height: 19.2px;">  Why
                                    can't a single particle oscillate
                                    against, or in consort with, its own
                                    virtual image. (Presuming there is
                                    charge complex around---mirror in
                                    2d, negative sphere (I think) in
                                    3d)? </span></div>
                                <div> </div>
                                <div><span style="color:
                                    rgb(0,102,0);font-family:
                                    Verdana;font-size:
                                    12.0px;line-height: 19.2px;">ciao,
                                     Al</span></div>
                                 
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