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Hello Richard,<br>
<br>
here only a little response to your last paragraph as you refer to
my particle model. The electron has an energy of 0.511 MeV. This,
however, does not mean that each of the sub-particles have half of
this energy. The sub-particles would exhibit zero energy if they
would move single and freely in space. The energy and the mass of
the whole particle is caused by the bind and the process of motion
which goes on in the electron. <br>
<br>
Further on the spin is not 1 hbar. There would be this spin if we
would have 2 objects circling at the given radius with speed c and
having the mass of 1/2 electron-mass each. But the constituents of
the electron do not have any mass. In the case here, however, the
spin is also given by the force effective at distance between both
particles. This causes a tangential inertial force on both
constituents. That is the spin.<br>
<br>
Best regards<br>
Albrecht<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 19.11.2015 um 14:45 schrieb Richard
Gauthier:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:0A2315A8-B3EB-4A67-A797-560E9BE5BB76@gmail.com"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<div class="">Hello John D and Albrecht,</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> We’re not quite there by merely replacing
Albrecht’s two circulating massless particles by a
double-looping photon. By doing this the radius of the circle
drops from hbar/mc to hbar/2mc because the total loop length is
still one Compton wavelength. A double loop of length 1 Compton
wavelength h/mc has half the radius of a single loop and
therefore (if the circulating photon carries charge -e moving at
light speed) half the calculated magnetic moment of Albrecht’s
model, i.e. 1/2 Bohr magneton. The loss in magnetic moment from
Albrecht’s 2-particle model has to be made up in some other way.
But this double-looping photon model of the electron has spin
1/2 hbar while Albrecht's two-particle model has spin 1 hbar. No
argument about retarded light-speed forces between his 2
light-speed circling massless particles will bring the total
spin of the two-particle system down to exactly 1/2 hbar while
keeping its magnetic moment at 1 Bohr magneton. That would be
like pulling a magical rabbit out of a hat which so far only
Dirac with his equation has been able to do successfully (he
wasn’t called a magician for nothing.) The Williamson - van der
Mark 1997 electron model comes close with its proposed centrally
located static electric charge -e inferred from their twisting
double-looping uncharged photon’s inward pointing electric
fields at the model’s equator. (But what happened to their
double-looping photon's electric field at and near the model’s
two poles?) . This model can’t convincingly explain how a sphere
enclosing a double-looping uncharged photon can have a non-zero
divergence of its electric field (indicating a non-zero enclosed
electric charge) without violating Gauss’ law (the first Maxwell
equation). I think that in order to retain a viable
double-looping photon model of the electron, one may have to
bite the bullet and accept that the circulating double-looping
photon is itself electrically charged and also has a rest mass
of 0.511 MeV/c^2 and a spin of 1/2 hbar.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> By the way, Albrecht’s two circulating particles
may each have no rest mass as he describes, but they certainly
each carry 1/2 of 0.511 MeV of a resting electron's total
energy. This strongly implies that they are two circulating
photons (or gluons?) each having energy 1/2 x 0.511 MeV. This
also gives his electron model a spin of 1 hbar.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> with best regards,</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<div class=""> </div>
<br class="">
<div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Nov 19, 2015, at 12:13 AM, John Duffield <<a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:johnduffield@btconnect.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:johnduffield@btconnect.com">johnduffield@btconnect.com</a></a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;
font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style:
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans:
auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform:
none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing:
0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color:
rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">Albrecht:<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">It’s
easy to understand the electron if you look at the
evidence of things like gamma-gamma pair production,
electron magnetic moment, the Einstein-de Haas effect,
electron diffraction, spherical harmonics, and
electron-positron annihilation back to gamma photons.
An electron is a wave going round and round in a
standing-wave configuration, such that a
field-variation looks like a standing field. It isn’t
complicated or mysterious. Nor is inertia. The mass of
a body is a measure of its energy-content. It’s like
the photon in the box, see<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.06478"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.06478">http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.06478</a></a>.
Photon energy-momentum is resistance to
change-in-motion for a wave propagating linearly at c.
Electron mass is resistance to change-in-motion for a
wave going round and round at c. Forget Wilczek, the
guy is a peddler of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://frankwilczek.com/2013/multiverseEnergy01.pdf"
style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;"
class="">pompous woo</a>, and there re is no
mystery. But don’t forget the wave nature of matter.
Replace your two particles by two loops of a 511keV
E=hf photon wave, and then your model matches
observation. Win win!<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""></span><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><image001.jpg></span><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">Regards<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">John D<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span></div>
<div class="">
<div style="border-style: solid none none;
border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225);
border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 3pt 0cm 0cm;" class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><b
class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
windowtext;" class="" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: windowtext;" class=""
lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General
[<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">mailto:general-bounces+johnduffield=btconnect.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">On Behalf Of<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Dr.
Albrecht Giese<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>18
November 2015 20:19<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>John
Williamson <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk</a>>;
Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion
<<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:pete@leathergoth.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:pete@leathergoth.com">pete@leathergoth.com</a></a>;
Nick Bailey <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:nick@bailey-family.org.uk"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">nick@bailey-family.org.uk</a>>;
Mark, Martin van der <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</a>>;
David Williamson <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:david.williamson@ed.ac.uk"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">david.williamson@ed.ac.uk</a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re:
[General] Reply of comments from what a model…<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
class="" lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt;" class="" lang="EN-US">John,<br
class="">
<br class="">
Wilczek has written about several aspects of the
electron. Some of them sound to my like the usual QM
mystifications. Among them also aspects of collective
states. But at the end his remark about<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">half-electrons<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>is
another view</span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;"
class="" lang="EN-US">:<span class="current-selection"><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>"</span></span><span
class="current-selection"><span style="font-size:
10pt;" class="" lang="EN-US">By combining
fragmentation with super</span></span><span
class="ls0"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""
lang="EN-US">-</span></span><span
class="current-selection"><span style="font-size:
10pt;" class="" lang="EN-US">conductivity, we can
get half-electrons that are their own
antiparticles."</span></span><span style="font-size:
10pt;" class="" lang="EN-US"><br class="">
This is a clear statement in my understanding.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><br class="">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""
lang="EN-US"><br class="">
And else, his whole article is a fight with the usual
logical paradoxes, if one tries to understand the
electron on the basis of present main stream physics.
This is also obvious in his last paragraph: "<span
class="current-selection">So, what is an electron?
An electron is a particle and a wave; it is ideally
simple and unimaginably complex .." Do we not have a
better understanding today? At least I have it, if I
look to my model. There may be open questions left
but no mystery.</span><br class="">
<br class="">
<span class="current-selection">But apart of this: I
found it a funny incident to see this article in
view of our discussion about my 2-particle-model.
But this reference is of course not my serious
argument. The most powerful argument is that this
assumption of a 2-particle extended model explains
inertia. And it yields not just an idea what inertia
could be, but precise mathematical results. In
contrast to all what is available these days about
this topic in particle physics.</span><br class="">
<br class="">
Regards<br class="">
Albrecht<br class="">
<br class="">
</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
class="" lang="EN-US">Am 17.11.2015 um 07:13 schrieb
John Williamson:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;"
class="" type="cite">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times,
serif;" class=""> </span><span class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times,
serif;" class="">Sorry Albrecht, but you are not
really getting what Frank is talking about in his
article at all.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times,
serif;" class=""><br class="">
<br class="">
</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times,
serif;" class="">He is, as Al is alluding to,
discussing collective systems – the Fractional
quantum Hall effect and superconductors – and
(theoretical) attempts that are being made to
understand them. In those attempts people are
coming up with models like yours – with multiple
components – three for the fractional quantum Hall
effect – two for superconductors. These are
COMPOSITE systems of light and matter.
Simple-minded attempts to understand them without
getting what the electron is or what the photon is
(the current situation) is bound to prove
challenging. In superconductors you have,
practically, a di-electron system – but it is also
extended to include an overlap over a whole
crystal – extra protons in the system then. One is
looking a whole, collective, state of matter –
with pairs of spin-opposite, electrons extended
for many centimetres (whatever the size of the
superconductor is). Ok there are TWO paired,
opposite spin electrons in any “Cooper pair” and ,
at some level, one is going to observe this and
the symmetries inherent in this. Antiparticles
they are only the sense you know they have
opposite spin. Everything else, in the
experiments, is spin – if you will pardon the pun.
One is blindly thrashing about in the mist
further.</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times,
serif;" class=""><br class="">
Regards, John</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;
font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div class="">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; text-align: center;" align="center">
<hr class="" size="2" width="100%" align="center"></div>
<div id="divRpF530990" class="">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
serif;"><b class=""><span style="font-size:
10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"
class="">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma,
sans-serif;" class=""><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General
[<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]
on behalf of Dr. Albrecht Giese [<a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a></a>]<br
class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday,
November 16, 2015 9:16 PM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Chip
Akins; 'Nature of Light and Particles -
General Discussion'<br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re:
[General] Reply of comments from what a model…</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
serif;">Hi Chip,<br class="">
<br class="">
thanks for your proposals. I have inserted some
comments into the text.<o:p class=""></o:p></p>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class="">Am 14.11.2015 um 17:13 schrieb Chip
Akins:<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom:
5pt;" class="" type="cite">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US">Hi
Albrecht<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US"> <o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US">What if,
for purposes of conjecture, we replace your
two “particles” in the electron, with an EM
wave which has a wavelength of twice the
circumference? <span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class="">How can you bind a wave to something?
That sounds very strange to me. In the vicinity
of a charge we can feel a force. It is an
abstraction to call this situation a field. And
if this field changes with time and propagates
into the space, we call it a wave. You cannot
bind a wave to something, so as you cannot bind
the wind to a tree.<br class="">
<br class="">
What we can bind is the charge which is the
cause of the field and of a wave. And a wave
cannot build a spin. As a comparison, a squirl
in the air or in the water can build an angular
momentum. But that has to do with the air or the
water. The squirl without air or water, which is
a pure abstraction, cannot cause any binding
forces. Similar to an electric wave apart from a
charge.<br class="">
<br class="">
An EM wave is an electric field which is
modulated and which propagates. The magnetic
part of it is, as discussed here before, nothing
than an impression which we have of the electric
field. A relativistic side effect. Similar to
the Coriolis force which is as well an
impression (i.e. also a seeming side effect, but
in this case not relativistic).<br class="">
<br class="">
So we should talk about real things and that are
charges in my understanding.<br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom:
5pt;" class="" type="cite">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US">And now
let us consider that the “binding force”
which holds this wave in a circular
confinement is the same “force” which causes
spin angular momentum in light. The EM
“wave” would have the negative portion
always away from the center for the
electron, and the confinement of the wave
causes a curvature in (divergence of) the E
field which in turn would be the cause for
the appearance of the elementary charge.<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US"> <o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US">It seems
that such a model would 1) conserve
momentum, 2) cause inertial mass<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">(because of confined momentum and
the speed of light velocity limit)</i>,
and 3) radiate when accelerated under most
circumstances<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">(except gravitational
acceleration, if gravity is simply the
diffraction of waves.)</i><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class="">How do you think to accelerate an
abstract wave?<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="">
<br class="">
If you understand this wave as a cause of
inertial mass, can you present a quantitative
calculation of the mass which is the result of
this effect? - I can do it for my model with
high precision (see below).<br class="">
<br class="">
If gravity is a case of diffraction, or better
of refraction, then there is an object refracted
or a moving charge, but not a wave.<br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom:
5pt;" class="" type="cite">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US"> <o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US">If we do
this, we have an electron model which
consists of<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">just one item</i><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and
explains (it seems) the same things that
your model explains, but without the need
for two entities within this elementary
particle.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class="">As a wave cannot have a momentum it
will not violate the conservation of momentum,
true, but it cannot build anything than
mathematical equations.<br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom:
5pt;" class="" type="cite">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US"> <o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US">The
reason for posing this question is that
there is no experimental evidence that the
electron is comprised of two particles.
However there is much evidence that it is a
single thing comprised of energy.<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class="">I say it again: There is evidence for
two sub-particles. And I refer again to the
experiment described by Frank Wilczek where two
halves of an electron have been observed:<br
class="">
<br class="">
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com"
target="_blank" style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;" class="">http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com</a><br
class="">
<br class="">
And there is NO evidence of a "single thing" if
investigated in relation to my model (having
mass-less constituents).<br class="">
<br class="">
And another evidence (an indirect one): Only an
object built by two constituents (as a minimum)
can have inertia. We all know that the Higgs
model does not work for inertia. And my model
using 2 sub-particles yields the mass of e.g.
the electron with an accuracy of 1 : 500'000. Do
you know any model which yields results of this
accuracy? -<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="">
I do not know any else model for this, and am
presenting this model since 15 years on
conferences all over the world, and there have
been no objections.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br
class="">
<br class="">
Best<br class="">
Albrecht<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom:
5pt;" class="" type="cite">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US"> <o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US">Chip<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US"> <o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div class="">
<div style="border-style: solid none none;
border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225);
border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 3pt 0cm
0cm;" class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><b class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family:
Calibri, sans-serif; color:
windowtext;" class="" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family:
Calibri, sans-serif; color: windowtext;"
class="" lang="EN-US"><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General
[<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">On Behalf Of<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Dr.
Albrecht Giese<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Saturday,
November 14, 2015 7:52 AM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re:
[General] Reply of comments from what a
model…</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"
class=""><span class="" lang="EN-US"> <o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm
12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;"><span class="" lang="EN-US">Hi
Al,<br class="">
<br class="">
Why do we need a background? If I assume
only local forces (strong and electric) for
my model, the calculation conforms to the
measurement (e.g. between mass and magnetic
moment) with a precision of 2 : 1'000'000.
This is no incident. Not possible, if a
poorly defined and stable background has a
measurable influence. - And if there should
be such background and it has such little
effect, which mistake do we make if we
ignore that?<br class="">
<br class="">
For the competition of the 1/r<sup class="">2</sup><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>law
for range of charges and the r<sup class="">2</sup><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>law
for the quantity of charges we have a
popular example when we look at the sky at
night. The sky is dark and that shows that
the r<sup class="">2</sup><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>case
(number of shining stars) does in no way
compensates for the 1/r<sup class="">2</sup><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>case
(light flow density from the stars).<br
class="">
<br class="">
Why is a 2 particle model necessary?<br
class="">
<br class="">
1.) for the conservation of momentum<br
class="">
2.) for a cause of the inertial mass<br
class="">
3.) for the radiation at acceleration which
occurs most time, but does not occur in
specific situations. Not explained
elsewhere.<br class="">
<br class="">
Ciao, Albrecht<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span class=""
lang="EN-US">Am 13.11.2015 um 20:31
schrieb<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a>:<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt;
margin-bottom: 5pt;" class="" type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">Hi Albrecht:</span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">Your proposed experiment
is hampered by reality! If you do the
measurement with a gaget bought in a
store that has knobes and a display,
then the measurement is for certain
for signals under a couple hundred GHz
and based on some phenomena for which
the sensitivity of man-made devices is
limited. And, if limited to the
electric field, then there is a good
chance it is missing altogether
oscillating signals by virtue of its
limited reaction time of reset time,
etc. etc. The vast majority of the
background will be much higher, the
phenomena most attuned to detecting
might be in fact the quantum effects
otherwise explained with mystical
hokus-pokus! Also to be noted is
that, the processes invovled in your
model, if they pertain to elementray
entities, will have to be at very
small size and if at the velocity (c)
will be very high energy, etc. so that
once again, it is quite reasonable to
suppose that the universe is anything
but irrelavant! </span><span class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">Of course, there is then
the issue of the divergence of the
this SED background. Ameliorated to
some extent with the realization that
there is no energy at a point in empty
space until a charged entity is put
there, whereupon the energy of
interaction with the rest of the
universe (not just by itself being
there and ignoring the universe---as
QM theorists, and yourself, are wont
to do) is given by the sum of
interactions over all particles not by
the integral over all space, including
empty space. Looks at first blush to
be finite. </span><span class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">Why fight it? Where the
hell else will you find a credible 2nd
particle? </span><span class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">ciao, Al</span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US"> <span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div name="quote" style="border-style:
none none none solid; border-left-color:
rgb(195, 217, 229); border-left-width:
1.5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 8pt; margin:
7.5pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; word-wrap:
break-word;" class="">
<div style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;"
class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times
New Roman', serif;" class=""><b
class=""><span style="font-size:
9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">Gesendet:</span></b><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"
class="" lang="EN-US"> Freitag,
13. November 2015 um 12:11 Uhr<br
class="">
<b class="">Von:</b> "Dr. Albrecht
Giese"<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><genmail@a-giese.de></a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">An:</b> <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a><br class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b> <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Betreff:</b> Re:
[General] Reply of comments from
what a model…</span><span class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div name="quoted-content" class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman',
serif; background-color: white;"
class=""><span style="font-size:
9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">Hi Al,<br class="">
<br class="">
if we look to charges you
mention the law 1/r<sup class="">2</sup>.
Now we can perform a simple
physical experiment having an
electrically charged object and
using it to measure the electric
field around us. I say: it is
very weak. Now look to the
distance of the two half-charges
within the particle having a
distance of 4*10<sup class="">-13</sup><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>m.
This means an increase of force
of about 25 orders of magnitude
compared to what we do in a lab.
And the difference is much
greater if we refer to charges
acting from the universe. So I
think we do not make a big
mistake assuming that there is
nothing outside the particle.<br
class="">
<br class="">
Regarding my model, the logic of
deduction was very simple for
me:<br class="">
<br class="">
1.) We have dilation, so there
must be a permanent motion with
c<br class="">
2.) There must be 2
sub-particles otherwise the
momentum law is violated; 3 are
not possible as in conflict with
experiments.<br class="">
3.) The sub-particles must be
mass-less, otherwise c is not
possible<br class="">
4.) The whole particle has mass
even though the sub-particles
are mass-less. So there must be
a mechanism to cause inertia. It
was immediately clear for me
that inertia is a consequence of
extension. Another reason to
assume a particle which is
composed of parts. (There is no
other working mechanism of
inertia known until today.)<br
class="">
5.) I had to find the binding
field for the sub-particles. I
have taken the simplest one
which I could find which has a
potential minimum at some
distance. And my first attempt
worked.<br class="">
<br class="">
That is all, and I do not see
any possibility to change one of
the points 1.) thru 5.) without
getting in conflict with
fundamental physical rules. And
I do not invent new facts or
rules beyond those already known
in physics.<br class="">
<br class="">
So, where do you see any kind of
arbitrariness or missing
justification?<br class="">
<br class="">
Tschüß!<br class="">
Albrecht<br class="">
<br class="">
<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman',
serif; background-color: white;"
class=""><span style="font-size:
9pt; font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">Am 12.11.2015 um
17:51 schrieb<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a>:</span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt;
margin-bottom: 5pt;" class=""
type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">Hi Albrect:</span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">We are
making some progress. </span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">To your
remark that Swinger
& Feynman introduced
virtual charges, I note
that they used the same
term: "virtual
charge/particle," in
spite of the much older
meaning in accord with
the charge and mirror
example. In the finest
of quantum traditions,
they too ignored the
rest of the universe and
instead tried to vest
its effect in the
"vacuum." This idea was
suitably mystical to
allow them to introduce
the associated plaver
into the folk lore of
QM, given the sociology
of the day. Even in
spite of this BS, the
idea still has merit.
Your objection on the
basis of the 1/r²
fall-off is true but not
conclusive. This
fall-off is matched by a
r² increase in muber of
charges, so the
integrated total
interaction can be
expected to have at
least some effect, no
matter what. Think of
the universe to 1st
order as a neutral,
low-density plasma. I
(and some others) hold
that this interaction is
responcible for all
quantum effects. In any
case, no particle is a
universe unto itself,
the rest have the
poulation and time to
take a toll! </span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">BTW, this
is history repeating
itself. Once upon a
time there was theory of
Brownian motion that
posited an internal
cause known as "elan
vital" to dust specks
observed hopping about
like Mexican jumping
beans. Ultimately this
nonsense was displaced
by the observation that
the dust spots were not
alone in their immediate
universe but imbededded
in a slurry of other
particles, also in
motion, to which they
were reacting. Nowadays
atoms are analysed in QM
text books as if they
were the only object in
the universe---all
others being too far
away (so it is argued,
anyway). </span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">Your model,
as it stands, can be
free of contradiction
and still unstatisfying
because the inputs seem
to be just what is
needed to make the
conclusions you aim to
make. Fine, but what
most critics will expect
is that these inputs
have to have some kind
of justification or
motivation. This is
what the second particle
lacks. Where is it when
one really looks for it?
It has no empirical
motivation. Thus, this
theory then has about
the same ultimate
structure, and
pursuasiveness, as
saying: 'don't worry
about it, God did it; go
home, open a beer, pop
your feet up, and forget
about it---a theory
which explains
absolutely everything!</span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color: white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: Verdana,
sans-serif;" class=""
lang="EN-US">Tschuß, Al</span><span
class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="border-style:
none none none solid;
border-left-color:
rgb(195, 217, 229);
border-left-width: 1.5pt;
padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 8pt;
margin: 7.5pt 3.75pt
3.75pt 7.5pt;" class="">
<div style="margin-bottom:
7.5pt;" class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm
0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times
New Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;" class=""><b
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">Gesendet:</span></b><span
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> Donnerstag,
12. November 2015 um
16:18 Uhr<br
class="">
<b class="">Von:</b> "Dr.
Albrecht Giese"<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""><genmail@a-giese.de></a><br
class="">
<b class="">An:</b> <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b> <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Betreff:</b> Re:
[General] Reply of
comments from what a
model…</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times
New Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;" class=""><span
style="font-size:
10pt; font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">Hi
Al,<br class="">
<br class="">
I have gotten a
different
understanding of
what a virtual
particle or a
virtual charge is.
This phenomenon
was invented by
Julian Schwinger
and Richard
Feynman. They
thought to need it
in order to
explain certain
reactions in
particle physics.
In the case of
Schwinger it was
the Landé factor,
where I have shown
that this
assumption is not
necessary.<br
class="">
<br class="">
If there is a
charge then of
course this charge
is subject to
interactions with
all other charges
in the universe.
That is correct.
But because of the
normal
distribution of
these other
charges in the
universe, which
cause a good
compensation of
the effects, and
because of the
distance law we
can think about
models without
reference to
those. And also
there is the
problem with
virtual particles
and vacuum
polarization
(which is
equivalent), in
that we have this
huge problem that
the integrated
energy of it over
the universe is by
a factor of 10^120
higher than the
energy measured. I
think this is a
really big
argument against
virtual effects.<br
class="">
<br class="">
Your example of
the virtual image
of a charge in a
conducting surface
is a different
case. It is, as
you write, the
rearrangement of
charges in the
conducting
surface. So the
partner of the
charge is
physically the
mirror, not the
picture behind it.
But which mirror
can cause the
second particle in
a model if the
second particle is
not assumed to be
real?<br class="">
<br class="">
And what in
general is the
problem with a two
particle model? It
fulfils the
momentum law. And
it does not cause
further conflicts.
It also explains
why an accelerated
electron sometimes
radiates,
sometimes not. For
an experimental
evidence I refer
again to the
article of Frank
Wilczek in
"Nature" which was
mentioned here
earlier:<br
class="">
<br class="">
<a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com">http://www.nature.com/articles/498031a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ben9To-3oo1NBniBt2zIw9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mr0WZkh3ZGwaOU__QIZA8EEsfyjmdvPM68ya-MFh194zghek6jh7WqtGYeYWmES35o2U71x2DQVk0PFLoHQk5V5M-cak670GmcqKy2iZm7PPrWZKcv_J3SBA-hRXn4VJI1r9NxMvgmKog-topZaM03&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com</a></a>:<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"><br
class="">
<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
'Times New Roman',
serif;
background-color:
white;" class=""><span
class="current-selection"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">He
writes: "By
combining
fragmentation
with super</span></span><span
class="ls0"><span
style="font-size:
7.5pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">-</span></span><span
class="current-selection"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">conductivity,
we can get
half-electrons
that are their
own
antiparticles."<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span
style="font-size:
7.5pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"><br
class="">
</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div style="margin:
0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times
New Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;" class=""><span
style="font-size:
10pt; font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">For
Wilczek this is a
mysterious result,
in view of my
model it is not,
on the contrary it
is kind of a
proof.<br class="">
<br class="">
Grüße<br class="">
Albrecht</span><span
style="font-size:
9pt; font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"><br
class="">
<br class="">
<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
'Times New Roman',
serif;
background-color:
white;" class=""><span
style="font-size:
10pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">Am
12.11.2015 um
03:06 schrieb<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class="">af.kracklauer@web.de</a>:</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<blockquote
style="margin-top:
5pt; margin-bottom:
5pt;" class=""
type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">Hi
Albrecht:</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">Virtual
particles are
proxys for an
ensemble of
real
particles.
There is
nothing
folly-lolly
about them!
They simply
summarize the
total effect
of particles
that cannot be
ignored. To
ignore the
remainder of
the universe
becasue it is
inconvenient
for theory
formulation is
for certain
leading to
error. "No
man is an
island," and
no single
particle is a
universe!
Thus, it can
be argued
that, to
reject the
concept of
virtual
particles is
to reject a
facit of
reality that
must be
essential for
an explantion
of the
material
world.</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">For
example, if a
positive
charge is
placed near a
conducting
surface, the
charges in
that surface
will respond
to the
positive
charge by
rearranging
themselves so
as to give a
total field on
the surface of
zero strength
as if there
were a
negative
charge
(virtual)
behind the
mirror.
Without the
real charges
on the mirror
surface, the
concept of
"virtual"
negative
charge would
not be
necessary or
even useful. </span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">The
concept of
virtual charge
as the second
particle in
your model
seems to me to
be not just a
wild
supposition,
but an
absolute
necessity.
Every charge
is, without
choice, in
constant
interaction
with every
other charge
in the
universe, has
been so since
the big bang
(if such were)
and will
remain so till
the big crunch
(if such is to
be)! The
universe
cannot be
ignored. If
you reject
including the
universe by
means of
virtual
charges, them
you have a lot
more work to
do to make
your theory
reasonable
some how else.
In particular
in view of the
fact that the
second
particles in
your model
have never
ever been seen
or even
suspected in
the various
experiments
resulting in
the
disasssmbly of
whatever
targert was
used. </span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">MfG,
Al</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> <span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div
style="border-style:
none none none
solid;
border-left-color:
rgb(195, 217,
229);
border-left-width:
1.5pt;
padding: 0cm
0cm 0cm 8pt;
margin: 7.5pt
3.75pt 3.75pt
7.5pt;"
class="">
<div
style="margin-bottom:
7.5pt;"
class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><b
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">Gesendet:</span></b><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> Mittwoch,
11. November
2015 um 22:37
Uhr<br
class="">
<b class="">Von:</b> "Dr.
Albrecht
Giese"<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><genmail@a-giese.de></a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">An:</b> <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a></a>,<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class="">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a><br
class="">
<b class="">Betreff:</b> Re:
[General]
Reply of
comments from
what a model…</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">Hi
Al,<br
class="">
<br class="">
if we think in
categories of
a virtual
image, then we
are in my
understanding
fully on the
path of
present main
stream QM. I
have
understood
that we all
want to do
something
better than
that.<br
class="">
<br class="">
Regarding
virtual
phenomena I
would like to
remind you
again of the
history of
such ideas. In
the 1940ies
Julian
Schwinger has
introduced
vacuum
polarization
(which is
equivalent to
virtual
particles
according to
Feynman) to
determine the
Landé factor
for refining
the Bohr
magneton. This
was the birth
of it.<br
class="">
<br class="">
On the other
hand I have
shown that I
can deduce the
Bohr magneton
as well as the
Landé factor
in a classical
way if I use
my particle
model. And
that is
possible and
was done on a
pure classical
way. For me
this is a good
example that
we can do
things better
than by QM. In
particular I
try to have
correct
results
without using
any virtual
objects.<br
class="">
<br class="">
Back to your
question: If
we build a
particle model
on a classical
basis then
there is no
place for a
virtual image,
and so I see
the need for
two
sub-particles.<br
class="">
<br class="">
Ciao, Albrecht<br
class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">Am
11.11.2015 um
17:27 schrieb<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class="">af.kracklauer@web.de</a>:</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<blockquote
style="margin-top:
5pt;
margin-bottom:
5pt;" class=""
type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> <span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> <span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div
style="border-style:
none none none
solid;
border-left-color:
rgb(195, 217,
229);
border-left-width:
1.5pt;
padding: 0cm
0cm 0cm 8pt;
margin: 7.5pt
3.75pt 3.75pt
7.5pt;"
class="">
<div
style="margin-bottom:
7.5pt;"
class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><b
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">Gesendet:</span></b><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> Mittwoch,
11. November
2015 um 11:54
Uhr<br
class="">
<b class="">Von:</b> "Dr.
Albrecht
Giese"<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"><genmail@a-giese.de></a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">An:</b> <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Betreff:</b> Re:
[General]
Reply of
comments from
what a model…</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US">Hi
Albrecht:</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(0,
102, 0);"
class=""
lang="EN-US">You
said: A model
with only one
particle is in
my view also
not possible
as it violates
the
conservation
of momentum. A
single object
can never
oscillate.</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;
color: rgb(0,
102, 0);"
class=""
lang="EN-US">I
ask: Why
can't a single
particle
oscillate
against, or in
consort with,
its own
virtual image.
(Presuming
there is
charge complex
around---mirror
in 2d,
negative
sphere (I
think) in
3d)? </span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
'Times New
Roman', serif;
background-color:
white;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
9pt;
font-family:
Verdana,
sans-serif;"
class=""
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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class=""><span
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sans-serif;
color: rgb(0,
102, 0);"
class=""
lang="EN-US">ciao,
Al</span><span
class=""
lang="EN-US"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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