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Dear John,<br>
<br>
<font color="#003300">thank you, and some comments from my part
below in the text.</font><br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 07.12.2015 um 09:32 schrieb John
Williamson:<br>
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font-size:10pt">Dear Albrecht,<br>
<br>
Let me help a little: this is off the top of my head - but
will give the right ballpark.<br>
<br>
The strong interaction (for nucleons) has a coupling constant
about a hundred times bigger than EM. Interaction
probabilities need 2 particles so this is about ten thousand
times (coupling constant squared) bigger than EM.
<br>
<br>
This is not a "small effect". Believe me - if they were there
for leptons DESY would have noticed. Even more so we at the
EMC (European Muon Collaboration) would have noticed if they
were there for muons. They are not. You can believe this if
you like, but you are wrong.<br>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<font color="#003300">The strong force binds the nuclei in the atom
and binds the quarks in a nucleus. They have to be bound in a way
that they do not touch each other. This is like the atoms in a
molecule which are also bound to each other in a way that they do
not touch. This is, as we know, achieved by a multipole field. In
the molecule it is the van der Waals field based on the electric
force. In the nucleus it must be also a multipole field, but based
on the strong force. (In nuclear physics this is normally not
explained in such a detail but only the result given; this is the
typical way in QM). <br>
<br>
Such multipole field has a minimum of the potential at a certain
distance. This distance defines the distance of the participants.
But outside this range the field is still existent; at distance it
could decrease by the 1/r^2 law. At least I assume this for my
particle model and I see it confirmed by the fact that the Landé
factor of the electron has the correct value if I make this
assumption.<br>
<br>
If now two objects are bound to each other in this way, then the
combined field seen from outside has a steeper decrease with r, in
the example of my model with 1/r^4 at greater distances. So, if
there is an electrical charge in addition, the fall-off at some
distance will cause that outside the strong force is in effect
weaker than the electrical one.</font>
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<br>
Once again - if there were two bits inside the electron, held
together by whatever forces, we would have seen this. We did
not, so there are not. End of story. The electron, whatever it
is, acts as one thing - at least up to energies up to 400 000
times its mass-energy.<br>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<font color="#003300">This is clearly not correct. I have discussed
this case with a former research director of DESY. He has spent
his entire scientific life with electron scattering experiments
and was known for his excellent knowledge of electron experiments
all over the world. I could not convince him of my model of a
composed and extended electron. But he admitted that there is no
experimental evidence which is in conflict with my model. I have
explained the reasons in detail here before, so I do not repeat it
this time again.</font><br>
<blockquote
cite="mid:7DC02B7BFEAA614DA666120C8A0260C914725AB9@CMS08-01.campus.gla.ac.uk"
type="cite">
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<br>
There IS something holding the electron charge together
though. These have been, for the last century, designated the
"Poincare stresses". Feynmann talks about these in his
lectures. As far as I know, except for the description in my
new papers (the interaction between electric field and p-vot)
and the forces Martin and I have been calculating with and
talking about over the last two decades, these remain
otherwise mysterious. A mystery that endured for most of a
century. In my theory everything is smooth and the whole
object is a single self-confining wave. Just one thing.<br>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<font color="#003300">My impression regarding my electron model
(which covers also all leptons and all quarks) is a simple and
stable model which covers everything understood today and some
facts in addition. <br>
</font>
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</font><br>
Sorry if I gave the impression my talk at Mendel was on the
proton size. It was not. I did talk about my model for quarks
and the strong force though, though that is not in the
proceedings paper (attached) which was on a possible reason
for the exclusion principle for fermions.<br>
<br>
There is something on this on the internet in the talk I gave
at CYBCOM, for which Nick Green provided a link earlier.<br>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<font color="#003300">Thanks!</font><br>
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<br>
Regards, John W.<br>
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</blockquote>
<font color="#003300">Regards<br>
Albrecht</font><br>
<br>
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<div id="divRpF849082" style="direction:ltr"><font size="2"
color="#000000" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b> Albrecht
Giese [<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a>]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, December 06, 2015 9:29 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> John Williamson; Nature of Light and
Particles - General Discussion<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Mark, Martin van der; Nick Bailey; David
Williamson; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:pete@leathergoth.com">pete@leathergoth.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Reply of comments from
what a model…<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hello John,<br>
<br>
there seems indeed something not understood about the
reaction between nucleons (i.e. quarks) and leptons. I
have heard about the differently measured size of a
proton depending on whether it is in contact with
electrons or muons. Thanks that you have reminded me of
this.<br>
<br>
The case of a muon in the atomic orbit, from which a
smaller size of the proton follows, can be at least
qualitatively deduced from the assumption of a strong
force in leptons as given in my model. I should
calculate this quantitatively but need some extra time
to do it. Have it on schedule.<br>
<br>
There is another influence of the assumption of strong
force in electrons in my model. I have shown in my talk
in San Diego that the simultaneous influence of the
electrical force and the strong force explains
classically the Landé factor.
<br>
<br>
You write about a talk which you have given about the
topic of the proton's size at MEDEL2012 and about
proceedings of it. Could you do me the favor and give me
a link or some other connection to your contribution?<br>
<br>
Regards<br>
Albrecht<br>
<br>
<br>
Am 01.12.2015 um 01:35 schrieb John Williamson:</div>
<blockquote type="cite"><br>
<div class="moz-forward-container">Hello Albrecht,<br>
<div style="direction:ltr; font-family:Tahoma;
color:#000000; font-size:10pt"><br>
Good for you. I knew about this (peripherally) - but
would have been worried if there had been a direct
measurement of leptons feeling the "strong force" -
which this is not.<br>
<br>
There are a set of these "anomalies". The most
important (and oldest to my knowledge) is that
measured in spin-spin scattering at the ZGS
(O'Fallon et al 1977). There is another (the EMC
effect) with my own name on the papers (I am not
central to this work and am one of dozens of
"authors" on the papers: my role was just to write
some of the code for electromagnetic (QED) shower
simulation and for parts of a "QCD" monte-carlo used
in some of the analysis).<br>
<br>
There are more recent experiments where the proton
"size" differs (its cross-section - that is the
inter-action rate) depending on which lepton you
observe it with.<br>
<br>
These are all, in my view, down to a lack of
understanding as to what the "strong" force is.
There are no actual calculations for this because
the only theory we have (QCD) is non-perturbative. I
will translate (for mothers) "non perturbative" is
shorthand for - one cannot calculate anything with
it using any known techniques. Yes - that bad.<br>
<br>
The underlying anomlies all come fron the proper
nature of the strong force. THis was part of my
invited (keynote) talk at MENDEL2012 and there is
something on this in the proceedings.<br>
<br>
Regards, John.<br>
<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;
color:#000000; font-size:16px">
<hr tabindex="-1">
<div id="divRpF506109" style="direction:ltr"><font
size="2" color="#000000" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
Albrecht Giese [<a moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"
target="_blank">genmail@a-giese.de</a>]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, November 30, 2015 8:19 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> John Williamson; Nature of Light
and Particles - General Discussion<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Reply of
comments from what a model…<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div>Hello John,<br>
<br>
it took me some time to find references, sorry.
And I could not find the original paper of DESY
about it, but a magazine.
<br>
<br>
The indication of the strong force to leptons is
a more indirect conclusion. In 1997 two teams at
the HERA storage ring at DESY found an
unexpected excess of events in quark-positron
interactions. These events were unexpected as
the Standard Model excludes an interaction of
quarks with leptons on the basis of the strong
force. It was then made the ad hoc assumption
that an unknown particle may exist with name
leptoquark. Such particle is not excluded by the
Standard Model, and it is assumed to react with
leptons and with quarks. The following search
for leptoquarks at DESY and at other labs was
without success. So the direct interaction
between quarks and leptons by the strong force
will remain as a solution.<br>
<br>
I can give the following references for this:<br>
1.) Scientific American, March 24, 1997 about
the detection of additional events<br>
2.) <small> </small>"Search for contact
interactions, large extra dimensions and finite
quark radius in
<i>ep </i>collisions at HERA", ZEUS
Collaboration, Physics Letters B 591 (2004)
23-41 as an example for the search for
leptoquarks.<br>
<br>
But I would like to emphasize again that the
assumption for the strong force in e.g. the
electron makes it possible to deduce the
inertial mass of this particle (as also of
others). I do not know any other approach which
provides an origin of inertia deduced from
basics.<br>
<br>
Regards<br>
Albrecht<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 27.11.2015 um
03:46 schrieb John Williamson:<br>
</div>
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<div style="direction:ltr; font-family:Tahoma;
color:#000000; font-size:10pt">Hello
Albrecht,<br>
<br>
So the strong force has been observed to act
on electrons at DESY? Very interesting. Do
you have a reference for that?<br>
<br>
Regards, John.<br>
<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;
color:#000000; font-size:16px">
<hr tabindex="-1">
<div id="divRpF304961"
style="direction:ltr"><font size="2"
color="#000000" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
General [<a moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
target="_blank">general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]
on behalf of Albrecht Giese [<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"
target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a></a>]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, November 26,
2015 4:53 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Richard Gauthier<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Nature of Light and
Particles - General Discussion<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Reply of
comments from what a model…<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div>Hallo Richard,<br>
<br>
thank you for your alternative proposal.
Unfortunately there are some points of
misunderstanding with respect to my
model. And also some other physical
arguments I like to point to - in your
text.<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am
23.11.2015 um 19:43 schrieb Richard
Gauthier:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">Hello Albrecht,
<div class=""><br class="">
<div class=""> I’m glad that you
say that developing a 2-particle
model of the electron was not your
main interest. I think it will be
useful to see what parts of your
model may be saved, and what parts
may have to go, to get a working
model in progress for the electron
which most of us here might agree
on. First, since there is no
generally accepted evidence of a
nuclear strong force relation to
electrons, let’s drop that
proposal for holding your 2
circulating charged massless
particles in orbit, at least for
now. </div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Here I object. 1) The strong force in
the electron was seen at DESY
experiments in the 1990s. 2) Without
referring to the strong force, the
calculation of the mass of the electron
has incorrect results by a factor of
several hundred. This was found out by
physicists in the 1940s, e.g. by Helmut
Hönl. (I can send you his paper if you
are interested, however in German.)<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class="">Second, since there’s
no evidence for a two-particle
structure of the electron from any
scattering or other experiments,
let’s also consider dropping that
proposal for now. Your insistence
that a 2-particle model is
required for conservation of
momentum at the sub-electron level
does not seem sufficient to accept
this part of your 2-particle
model. We don’t even know
experimentally that conservation
of momentum exists at the
sub-electron level, do we? Just an
article of faith?</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
This may be a point of personal
judgement, but in my view the
conservation if momentum is a
fundamental law in physics, maybe the
most fundamental law. It follows
logically from the symmetry of space
(refer to Emmy Noether, who has set some
logical basics for QM).<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> So what is left of
your model? You claim that your
two particles are massless and
travel at light speed. But you
don’t say that they are also
without energy, do you? If there
are two massless particles, they
will still each have to have
0.511/2 MeV of energy if the
electron’s total resting energy
0.511 MeV is divided equally
between them.
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
I have explained this in a former
comment. The two "basic" particles do
not have any energy by themselves. The
energy is caused by the motion of the
basic particles in the situation of a
bind. Mass is anyway a dynamic property
of matter as it is even seen by present
main stream physics.<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class="">One kind of particle
that has no rest mass but has
energy and travels at light speed
is a photon.
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
This assumption is not true as explained
above. <br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class="">(Let’s forget about
gluons here for now since there is
no accepted evidence for a strong
nuclear force on electrons). So
each of your two particles (if
there are still two for some other
reason besides conservation of
momentum, and a need for an
attractive force between them to
overcome their electric repulsion)
could be a charged photon
(circulating charge is necessary
to get a magnetic moment for the
model) with energy 0.511/2 MeV,
which has energy but no rest mass.
OK.
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Not true!<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class="">But each of these two
charged photons, each of energy
0.511/2 MeV = mc^2/2 will have a
wavelength of 2 Compton
wavelengths = 2 h/mc . If 1
wavelength of each photon is
turned into a single closed loop,
the each loop would have a radius
2hbar/mc, which is twice the
radius hbar/mc of your proposed
electron model. To make each of
these photons move circularly in a
way that each of their wavelengths
gives a radius of hbar/mc as in
your model, each photon would have
to move in a double loop. So there
will be two photons each of energy
0.511/2 moving in a double loop
in this model. This is getting
complicated.</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
The Compton wavelength has a different
origin. It comes from scattering of
photons at an electron (example). The
Compton wavelength is then the maximum
change of the wavelength of the photon
in such process. - This wavelength is in
this way not any geometrical extension
of the electron. Yes, we find this value
in some calculations, but we should be
cautious to use it for the determination
of dimension.
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Let’s drop one of
the two photons for simplicity
(Occam’s razor put to good use) so
that the other photon will have
the full electron energy 0.511 MeV
.
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
What is the origin of this energy in the
photon? And which mechanism causes
actually the energy of this photon? A
photon can in general have any energy,
doesn't it?<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class="">This photon will now
have a wavelength 1 Compton
wavelength. If this 1 Compton
wavelength charged photon moves in
a single loop it will create an
electron with magnetic moment 1
Bohr magneton and a spin of 1
hbar. That’s good for the
experimental magnetic moment of
the electron (slightly more than 1
Bohr magneton) but bad for its
experimental spin (which you tried
to reduce to 1/2 hbar in your
model by a delayed force
argument). If the photon moves in
a double loop it will be good for
the spin (which now is exactly 1/2
hbar) but bad for the magnetic
moment (now 1/2 Bohr magneton).
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Why does the double loop reduce the
spin? Why the Bohr magneton? The
magnetic moment depends on the area in
the loop. How large is this area in this
case?<br>
<br>
The magnetic moment is larger than the
Bohr magneton. In my model this is the
contribution of the (small) electrical
charges in view of the (large) strong
charges.<br>
<br>
And which mechanism causes the double
loop? It cannot come from itself. A
circuit is a simple structure which does
not need many influences. A double loop
is more and needs a cause.<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class="">So there’s still a
problem with the model’s magnetic
moment. But this double-looping
charged photon model now has
gained the zitterbewegung
frequency of the Dirac electron
which is desirable for an electron
model which hopes to model the
Dirac electron. And it also has
720 degree symmetry which the
Dirac electron has (while your
original 2-particle model has a
rotational symmetry of 180
degrees, since each particle would
take the place of the other after
a half-circle rotation).</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
In my model the zitterbewegung frequency
is the circulation frequency of the
basic particles. The rotational symmetry
is not 180 but 360 degrees as the strong
field of the basic particles is not
equal, but one basic particle changes
the other one by electrical influence.
This works analogue to the case of the
van der Waals force. <br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> What do you think
of this new model so far?</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Did I explain it sufficiently?<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Albrecht<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
<div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Nov 22, 2015,
at 9:43 AM, Albrecht Giese
<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de" target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a></a>>
wrote:</div>
<br
class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
class="">Hello Richard,<br
class="">
<br class="">
I never have persistently
tried to develop a
2-particle model. What I
have persistently tried
was to find a good
explanation for
relativistic dilation. And
there I found a solution
which has satisfied me.
All the rest including the
2 particles in my model
where logical consequences
where I did not see
alternatives. If there
should be a model which is
an alternative in one or
the other aspect, I will
be happy to see it.<br
class="">
<br class="">
<div
class="moz-cite-prefix">Am
22.11.2015 um 00:13
schrieb Richard
Gauthier:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
class="">Hello Albrecht,
<div class=""><br
class="">
<div class=""> I
admire your
persistence in
trying to save your
doomed (in my
opinion) 2-particle
electron model.
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Why 2 particles in the
model? I say it again:<br
class="">
<br class="">
1) to maintain the
conservation of momentum
in the view of
oscillations<br class="">
2) to have a mechanism for
inertia (which has very
precise results, otherwise
non-existent in present
physics)<br class="">
<br class="">
I will be happy to see
alternatives for both
points. Up to now I have
not seen any.<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite"
class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">Do you
understand how
unreasonable and
irrational it
appears for you to
write: "Then I had
to determine the
field constant S
which is normally
provided by
experiments. But
quantum mechanics is
so unprecise
regarding the
numeric value of the
strong force that
there is no number
available in the
data tables. Here I
found that I could
use the Bohr
magneton to
determine the
constant. (Which
turned out to be S =
hbar*c, merely a
constant).” ?
<br class="">
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
I have once asked one of
the leading theorists at
DESY for a better
quantitative explanation
or determination of the
strong force. His answer:
Sorry, the strong force is
not good enough understood
so that I cannot give you
better information.
<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite"
class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">How
could the number S
that you could not
find in “unprecise”
tables about the
strong force
possibly be the same
number that can be
found precisely from
the electron’s Bohr
magneton ehbar/2m
and which you claim
is S = hbar*c ? This
is an unbelievable,
desperate stretch of
imagination and
"grasping at
straws", in my
opinion. <br
class="">
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
When I have realized that
my model deduces the Bohr
magneton, I have used the
measurements available in
that context to determine
my field constant. (I
could also go the other
way: I can use the Planck
/ Einstein relation E = h
* f and the
Einstein-relation E = m*c<sup
class="">2</sup> to
determine the constant S
from the internal
frequency in my model.
Same result. But I like
the other way better. BTW:
Do you know any other
model which deduces these
relations rather than
using them as given?)<br
class="">
<blockquote type="cite"
class="">
<div class="">
<div class=""><br
class="">
</div>
<div class="">Here is
the meaning of
“grasping at straws”
from <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/grasp+at+straws"
target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/grasp+at+straws">http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/grasp+at+straws</a></a> :</div>
<h2 class=""
style="font-size:1.8rem;
line-height:1.8rem;
display:inline-block;
margin:0px 0.2rem
6px 0px;
color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
grasp at straws</h2>
<div class=""><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">Also,</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><b
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"><span
class="hvr"
style="">clutch</span> at <span
class="hvr"
style="">straws</span></b><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">.</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">Make</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">a</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">desperate</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">attempt</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">at</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">saving</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">oneself.</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">For</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">example,</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><i
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">He <span
class="hvr"
style="">had </span><span
class="hvr"
style="">lost</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">the</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">argument,</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">but</span> he <span
class="hvr"
style="">kept</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">grasping</span> at <span
class="hvr"
style="">straws,</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">naming</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">numerous</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">previous</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">cases</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">that </span><span
class="hvr"
style="">had</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">little</span> to do <span
class="hvr"
style="">with</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">this</span> <span
class="hvr"
style="">one</span></i><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">.</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">This</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">metaphoric</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">expression</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">alludes</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">to</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">a</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">drowning</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">person </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">trying</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">to</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">save</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">himself</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">by</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">grabbing</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">at</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">flimsy</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">reeds.</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">First</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">recorded</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">in</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">1534,</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">the</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">term</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">was </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">used</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">figuratively</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">by</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">the</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">late</span><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px"> </span><span
class="hvr"
style="color:rgb(64,64,64);
font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
line-height:19.5px">1600s.</span> </div>
<div class=""><br
class="">
</div>
<div class="">I am not
at all opposed to
using desperate
measures to find or
save a hypothesis
that is very
important to you.
Max Planck described
his efforts to fit
the black body
radiation equation
using quantized
energies of
hypothetical
oscillators as an
"act of
desperation”. So
you are of course
free to keep
desperately trying
to save your
2-particle electron
hypothesis. I
personally think
that your many
talents in physics
could be better
spent in other ways,
for example in
revising your
electron model to
make it more
consistent with
experimental facts.</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Do you know any other
electron model which is so
much consistent with
experimental facts (e.g.
size and mass) as this one
(without needing the usual
mystifications of quantum
mechanics)?<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite"
class="">
<div class="">
<div class=""> </div>
<div class=""> By
the way, van der
Waals forces do not
"bind atoms to form
a molecule". They
are attractive or
repulsive forces
between molecules or
between parts of a
molecule. According
to Wikipedia:</div>
<div class=""><br
class="">
</div>
<div class="">" <span
class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">the </span><b class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px">van
der Waals forces</b><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> (or </span><b class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px">van
der Waals'
interaction</b><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">), named after </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"
class=""
style="text-decoration:none;
color:rgb(11,0,128);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px"
target="_blank">Dutch</a><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientist"
title="Scientist"
class=""
style="text-decoration:none;
color:rgb(11,0,128);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px"
target="_blank">scientist</a><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals"
title="Johannes
Diderik van der
Waals" class=""
style="text-decoration:none;
color:rgb(11,0,128);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px"
target="_blank">Johannes
Diderik van der
Waals</a><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">, is the sum of the attractive or
repulsive forces
between </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecule"
title="Molecule"
class=""
style="text-decoration:none;
color:rgb(11,0,128);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px"
target="_blank">molecules</a><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> (or between parts of the same
molecule) other
than those due to </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond"
title="Covalent
bond" class=""
style="text-decoration:none;
color:rgb(11,0,128);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px"
target="_blank">covalent
bonds</a><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">, or the </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_interaction"
title="Electrostatic
interaction"
class="mw-redirect"
style="text-decoration:none;
color:rgb(11,0,128);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px"
target="_blank">electrostatic
interaction</a><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> of </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion" class=""
style="text-decoration:none;
color:rgb(11,0,128);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px"
target="_blank">ions</a><span
class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> with one another, with neutral
molecules, or with
charged molecules.</span><sup
id="cite_ref-1"
class="reference"
style="line-height:1;
font-size:11px;
color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force#cite_note-1"
class=""
style="text-decoration:none;
color:rgb(11,0,128);
white-space:nowrap" target="_blank">[1]</a></sup><span class=""
style="color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:22px;
background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> The resulting van der Waals forces
can be attractive
or repulsive.</span><sup
id="cite_ref-Van_OssAbsolom1980_2-0" class="reference"
style="line-height:1;
font-size:11px;
color:rgb(37,37,37);
font-family:sans-serif"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force#cite_note-Van_OssAbsolom1980-2"
class=""
style="text-decoration:none;
color:rgb(11,0,128);
white-space:nowrap" target="_blank">[2]</a></sup></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
Yes, my arrangement of
charges of the strong
force causes as well a
combination of attractive
and repulsive forces and
is doing the same like in
the van der Waals case.
That was my reason to
refer to them.<br class="">
<br class="">
Best regards<br class="">
Albrecht<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite"
class="">
<div class="">
<div class=""><br
class="">
</div>
<div class="">with
best regards,</div>
<div class="">
Richard</div>
<div class=""><br
class="">
</div>
<br>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
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</blockquote>
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