<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Hello Albrecht,<div class=""><br class=""><div class=""> I understand your deductive logic for thinking that photons are composite, but I think your beginning premise "electric charges can only interact with other electric charges” is faulty. And although your second premise “electrons can interact with photons” is correct, your conclusion "a photon must contain electric charges” is therefore, like your first premise, also faulty. Electric charges can interact with electric fields which are not electric charges. For example, an electron is accelerated to radiate a photon. The electron then annihilates with a positron to produce two photons. So there are no more electric charges, and only photons remain.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""> Your second explanation also is faulty. No one knows the composition of a photon. A photon may consist of a single particle with a helical spatio-temporal movement. For example, my model of a spin-1 photon is that a photon is composed of a single transluminal energy quantum (TEQ) moving helically at speed c sqrt(2) but having a longitudinal speed of c. It has energy E=hf. It has the photon’s momentum p=h/lambda and it has spin 1 hbar. Its forward helical angle is 45 degrees for all different energies of photons. Now I think that this TEQ generates speed-of-light quantum Huygens wavelets which predict where it will be found in the future, and which allow the photon to display reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference and to go through double slits as a quantum wave pattern, and yet be detected as a single localized particle on the other side.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""> Richard</div><div class=""><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jun 4, 2016, at 7:41 AM, Albrecht Giese <<a href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de" class="">genmail@a-giese.de</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" class="">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" class=""><p class="">Hello Richard,</p><p class="">the experimental evidence that a photon must be a composite
object happens e.g. in every radio exchange. The photon interacts
with electric charges, this is only possible if one assumes that
the photon has electric charge. Now, as it is electrically neutral
as a whole, there must be a balance of positive and negative
electric charge(s). Those have to have some separation as
otherwise they could not react with an outside charge. This is one
of the indications that a photon has to be composite.</p><p class="">The other way to understand the photon is the way of quantum
mechanics. In the view of QM the photon is merely a quantum of
energy. Any further understanding of it is - by the view of QM -
not possible. To treat a photon physically and quantitatively
requires the use of the QM formalism, however, (as usual at QM)
without a direct understanding. - This is the position of QM which
is formally allows for a point-like photon. But I think that no
one in our group is willing to follow QM in this respect. All
efforts undertaken here come from the desire to have a physical
understanding. And this includes necessarily (in my view) that the
photon is composite.</p><p class="">Albrecht<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 03.06.2016 um 00:53 schrieb Richard
Gauthier:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:5ACC36DB-AD84-49B1-B5D5-BFBE5FA3F157@gmail.com" type="cite" class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class="">
<div class="">Hello Albrecht,</div>
<div class=""> My electron model is built of a single
circulating spin-1/2 charged photon. It is not built “by
photons”. I know of no experimental evidence that a photon is a
composite particle as you claim. Please cite any accepted
experimental evidence that a photon is a composite particle.
Thanks.</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<br class="">
<div class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Jun 2, 2016, at 1:37 PM, Albrecht Giese <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de" class=""></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a>> wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" class="">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" class=""><p class="">Hello Richard,</p><p class="">Zero evidence for a composite particle? I
think that the evidence for a composite particle model
is very obvious:</p><p class="">- The model explains the mass and the
momentum of a particle with NO new parameters, from the
scratch<br class="">
- The model explains the magnetic moment of a particle
classically with no new parameters<br class="">
- The model explains the constancy of the spin
classically<br class="">
- The model explains the equation E = h*f classically
(was never deduced before)<br class="">
- The model explains the relativistic increase of mass
and the mass-energy relation E=m*c^2 independent of
Einstein's space-time ideas.</p><p class="">And what is the evidence that the electron is
NOT a composite particle? Your electron model is built
by photons, where the photon is also a composite
particle. So, what?<br class="">
</p><p class="">I do not know any other particle models with
this ability. Do you? Such properties are taken as a
good evidence in physics. Or why do main stream physics
trust in the existence of an up-quark and a down-quark?
For both there was no direct evidence in any experiment.
The reason to accept their existence is the fact that
this assumption makes some other facts understandable. -
The model of a composite particle is in no way weaker.</p><p class="">Albrecht</p><p class=""><br class="">
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 31.05.2016 um 20:19
schrieb Richard Gauthier:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:57CFBD3A-0E79-40B4-B1B3-F3582ECCA2D3@gmail.com" type="cite" class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=utf-8" class="">
<div class="">Hello Albrecht and all,</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Since there is zero experimental
evidence that the electron is a composite particle, I
will no longer comment on Albrecht's electron model,
which postulates as a principal feature that the
electron is a composite particle, unless new
experimental evidence is found that the electron is a
composite particle after all.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Galileo’s and Newton's “law of inertia"
is clearly an expression of conservation of momentum
of objects or “bodies” in the absence of an imposed
external net force. It revolutionized mechanics
because Aristotle had taught otherwise. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> If a resting electron is a circulating
light-speed electrically charged photon with
circulating momentum Eo/c, then an external force F on
the electron equals the additional rate of change of
momentum dp/dt of the circulating charged photon
corresponding to that external force: F=dp/dt ,
beyond the constant rate of change of momentum of the
circulating charged photon. The ratio of this applied
force F (for example due to an applied electric field)
to the circulating charged photon’s additional
acceleration “a" is called the electron's inertial
mass and is defined by F=ma or m=F/a . There is no
separate mass-stuff or inertia-stuff to be accelerated
in a particle. There is only the circulating momentum
Eo/c of the circling speed-of-light particle with rest
energy Eo , that is being additionally accelerated by
the applied force F. Since the value m = Eo/c^2 of a
resting particle (derived from the rate of change of
the circulating momentum Eo/c as compared to its
centripetal acceleration) is the same value in
different reference frames, it is called the
particle’s invariant mass m, but this invariant mass m
is still derived from the resting particle’s
internally circulating momentum Eo/c . If the
electron is moving relativistically at v < c, it
has an additional linear momentum p=gamma mv, which
when added vectorially to the transverse circulating
momentum Eo/c gives by the Pythagorean theorem a total
circulating vector momentum P=gamma Eo/c = gamma
mc=E/c where E is the electron’s total energy E=gamma
mc^2. This is the origin of the electron’s
relativistic energy-momentum equation E^2 = p^2 c^2 +
m^2 c^4 which is just another way to write the
Pythagorean momentum vector relationship above: P^2 =
p^2 + (Eo/c)^2 .</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> In my understanding, the Higgs field
gives a non-zero invariant mass (without being able to
predict the magnitude of that mass) to certain
particles according to the relativistic
energy-momentum equation, so that any particle moving
at v < c in a Higgs field has invariant mass m
> 0. But the inertia of that invariant mass m is
not explained by the action of the Higgs field, in my
understanding.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> To try to theoretically explain why a
photon has momentum p = hf/c and energy E=hf is a
separate topic beyond trying to explain why a particle
has inertial mass, or resistance to acceleration by an
applied force.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<div class=""> </div>
<br class="">
<div class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On May 30, 2016, at 1:04 PM, Albrecht
Giese <<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" class="">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" class=""><p class="">Hello Richard,</p><p class="">your new paper has again a lot of
nice mathematics. However, it again does not
answer the question of inertia. As earlier,
you relate the inertial mass of an electron to
the mass of the circling photon which builds
in your understanding the electron. Then the
mass and the momentum of the electron is
calculated from the mass and momentum of the
photon. <br class="">
<br class="">
Such calculation is of course possible if one
follows this picture of an electron. However,
it does not answer the question of what the
cause of inertia and momentum of the photon
is. You take this as an 'a priory' fact. But
this is not our present state of
understanding. Physics are able to go deeper.
<br class="">
<br class="">
You write in your paper: "The fact is that the
inertial property of the mass of elementary
particles is not understood". How can you
write this? Main stream physics have the Higgs
model which is assumed to describe the mass of
elementary particles. And I have presented a
model which uses the fact that any extended
object inevitably has inertia. The reason is,
as you know, that the fields of the
constituents of an extended object propagate
with the finite speed of light. If the
extension of an elementary particle is taken
from its magnetic moment, this model provides
very precisely the mass, the momentum, and a
lot of other parameters and properties of a
particle. <br class="">
<br class="">
If you intend to explain the mass of an
electron by the mass of a photon, you should
have an appropriate explanation of the mass
and other parameters of a photon. Otherwise I
do not see any real progress in the
considerations of your paper. <br class="">
<br class="">
Albrecht</p><p class=""><br class="">
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 30.05.2016 um
07:40 schrieb Richard Gauthier:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:02CD2095-A3DB-4EBC-B7C2-63D08507238C@gmail.com" type="cite" class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class="">
<div class="">Hello Vladimir,</div>
<div class=""> Thanks. That could be an
explanation. But I’m hoping I can find a
simpler explanation, if possible.</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<br class="">
<div class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On May 29, 2016, at 7:29 PM,
Vladimir Tamari <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:vladimirtamari@hotmail.com" class=""></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:vladimirtamari@hotmail.com">vladimirtamari@hotmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:
Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style:
normal; font-variant: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing:
normal; line-height: normal; orphans:
auto; text-align: start; text-indent:
0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class="">
<div class=""><font class="" size="3"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
Richard, </font></div>
<div class=""><font class="" size="3"><br class="">
</font></div>
<div class=""><font class="" size="3">without
going into the details of your
model, you mentioned:</font></div>
<div class=""><font class="" size="3"><br class="">
</font></div>
<div class=""><span style="line-height: 21.3px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);" class=""><font class="" color="#ac193d" size="3">"It may
be that vector momentum is just
not conserved within fundamental
particles even though it is
conserved between two or more
particles in their mutual
interactions"</font></span></div>
<div class=""><span style="color:
rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height:
21.3px; background-color: rgb(255,
255, 255);" class=""><font class="" size="3"><br class="">
</font></span></div>
<div class=""><font class="" color="#444444" size="3"><span style="line-height: 21.3px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);" class="">In
cellular-automata schemes, such
as my<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://vladimirtamari.com/beautiful_univ_rev_oct_2011.pdf" class="">Beautiful Universe</a>,
a particle is made up of a
pattern of spinning nodes in a
matrix. The same type of
spinning nodes also form the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 21.3px;" class="">surrounding magnetic,
gravitational or electrostatic
field etc. Any changes in the
angular momentum or the axis of
spin of the constituent nodes of
a particle (or photon wave) is
transmitted as a domino effect
adjusting the angular momentum
of surrounding nodes both
internally and externally. The
domino effect is diffused unto
infinity in inverse-square
fashion. Nothing is hidden or
lost or subject to uncertainty,
and energy is always conserved. </span></font></div>
<div class=""><font class="" color="#444444" size="3"><span style="line-height: 21.3px;" class=""><br class="">
</span></font></div>
<div class=""><font class="" color="#444444" size="3"><span style="line-height: 21.3px;" class="">In your case by taking
the photon and electron in
isolation conservation issues
seem to be arising? </span></font><span style="line-height: 21.3px; color:
rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 12pt;" class="">Hope this helps.</span></div>
<div class=""><font class="" color="#444444" size="3"><span style="line-height: 21.3px;" class="">Best wishes</span></font></div>
<div class=""><font class="" color="#444444" size="3"><span style="line-height: 21.3px;" class="">Vladimir</span></font></div>
<div class=""><font class="" color="#444444"><span style="font-size: 15px;
line-height: 21.3px;" class=""><br class="">
</span></font></div>
<div class=""><br class="">
<div class="">
<hr id="stopSpelling" class="">From:
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com">richgauthier@gmail.com</a><br class="">
Date: Sat, 28 May 2016 17:31:33
-0700<br class="">
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a><br class="">
CC: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:jsarfatti@aol.com" class="">jsarfatti@aol.com</a><br class="">
Subject: Re: [General] inertia<br class="">
<br class="">
<div class="">Hello all,</div>
<div class=""> I’ve been thinking
about the unexplained 0.424
Newtons force acting on a
circulating double-looped
charged photon to keep it in its
trajectory. Any
double-looping-photon electron
model should have this force
acting on the circling photon,
such John and Martin’s model and
Chip’s model. The force doesn’t
have an obvious source. It
continuously changes the
direction of the circling
momentum without changing the
resting energy of the photon. It
may be that vector momentum is
just not conserved within
fundamental particles even
though it is conserved between
two or more particles in their
mutual interactions. I believe
that the Dirac equation solution
for a free electron hints at
this internal non-conservation
of momentum also during
zitterbewegung motion of the
free electron whose average
velocity is v but whose
eigenvalue for speed is c. The
position-momentum relations for
the double-looped photon model
of the electron, as I recall,
are below or just at the the
exact uncertainty expression of
the Heisenberg uncertainty
principle: delta x times delta
p > 1/2 hbar , for position
and momentum of an object in a
particular coordinate direction.
So it might not be possible to
experimentally determine if
linear momentum is conserved or
not within a particle. The
indirect evidence that there is
such circulating momentum in a
particle is the inertial mass
m=Eo/c^2 of the particle as it
is derived from the photon’s
circulating momentum p=Eo/c . If
there is circling momentum for a
single particle, then momentum
conservation within the particle
IS being violated. An analogy:
just as an electron has spin but
it not experimentally known what
inside it is “spinning", an
electron has inertial mass but
it is not known what inside the
particle is “massing”. But but
the spin and the inertial mass
are known experimentally. A
double-looping photon model
explains both what is “spinning"
and what is “massing" in an
electron.</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<br class="">
<div class="">
<blockquote class="">
<div class="">On May 27, 2016,
at 11:50 AM, Richard
Gauthier <<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="ecxApple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div style="word-wrap:
break-word;" class="">
<div class="">Hello all,</div>
<div class="">Jack
Sarfatti, a well-known
physicist, wrote back to
me about my article
saying that no one cares
about this work, that it
is just re-inventing the
wheel and that it is not
a good problem to work
on. Comments?</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<br class="">
<div class="">
<blockquote class="">
<div class="">On May
26, 2016, at 8:25
PM, Richard Gauthier
<<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="ecxApple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div style="word-wrap:
break-word;" class="">
<div class="">Dear
John W, Martin,
Chandra,
Alexander, Chip,
Andrew, Vivian,
Albrecht, John
M, David and
all,</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</div>
<span id="ecxcid:16EB32ED-15F5-4669-9E25-C792C203C28F@hsd1.ca.comcast.net." class=""><A New
Derivation of
E=mc^2 explains a
particle's
inertia.pdf></span>
<div style="word-wrap:
break-word;" class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Here’s
my latest input
to the
inertia/particles
discussion: my
proposed new
derivation of
Eo=mc^2 and the
inertial mass of
a particle from
the momentum of
a circling
photon.</div>
<div class="">
Richard</div>
<div class=""> </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<br class="">
<div class="">
<blockquote class="">
<div class="">On
May 17, 2016,
at 6:47 PM,
Richard
Gauthier <<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="ecxApple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div style="word-wrap:
break-word;" class="">David
<div class="">
These newly
discovered
photons seem
very similar
to
helically-moving
spin-1/2
charged
photons,
except for
their lack of
electric
charge.
Perhaps these
new spin-1/2
photons become
spin-1/2
charged
photons when
they curl up
in pairs of
photons with
opposite
charge, as in
e-p pair
production : "<span style="color:
rgb(51, 51,
51);
font-family:
Roboto;
font-size:
16px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Researchers made their
discovery
after passing
light through
special
crystals to
create a light
beam with a
hollow,
screw-like
structure.
Using quantum
mechanics, the
physicists
theorized that
the beam's
twisting
photons were
being slowed
to a
half-integer
of Planck's
constant.</span><font class="" face="Roboto" color="#333333" size="3">”</font></div>
<div class=""><font class="" face="Roboto" color="#333333" size="3"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);" class="">
Richard</span></font></div>
<div class=""><font class="" face="Roboto" color="#333333" size="3"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);" class=""><br class="">
</span></font>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<blockquote class="">
<div class="">On
May 17, 2016,
at 1:56 PM,
<<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:davidmathes8@yahoo.com"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:davidmathes8@yahoo.com">davidmathes8@yahoo.com</a>>
<<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:davidmathes8@yahoo.com"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:davidmathes8@yahoo.com">davidmathes8@yahoo.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="ecxApple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="background-color:
rgb(255, 255,
255);
font-family:
HelveticaNeue,
'Helvetica
Neue',
Helvetica,
Arial, 'Lucida
Grande',
sans-serif;
font-size:
16px;" class="">
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5808" class=""><span id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6124" class="">Richard</span></div>
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5808" class=""><span class=""><br class="">
</span></div>
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5808" class=""><span id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6125" class="">If pbotons weren't
confusing
enough...just
as Williams
proposed a
quantum number
for energy,
these
researchers
are proposing
a quantum
number for
angular
momentum.</span></div>
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5808" class=""><span class=""><br class="">
</span></div>
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6237" class=""><span id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6238" class="">The article</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6239" class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2016/05/17/Scientists-discover-new-form-of-light/9061463490086/" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6240" target="_blank" class="">Scientists
discover new
form of light</a><br id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6241" class="">
</div>
<div dir="ltr" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6242" class=""><br id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6243" class="">
</div>
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5808" dir="ltr" class=""><span id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6193" style="color: rgb(51, 51,
51);
font-family:
Roboto;" class="">"The
newly
discovered
form of light,
however,
features
photons with
an angular
momentum of
just half the
value of
Planck's
constant. The
difference
sounds small,
but
researchers
say the
significance
of the
discovery is
great.'</span><span class=""><br class="">
</span></div>
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5808" class=""><span class=""><br class="">
</span></div>
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5808" class="">The
paper<br class="">
</div>
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5825" dir="ltr" class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/4/e1501748.full" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5937" class="ecxenhancr2_bf135610-f16d-2671-d86c-6194a194d730" target="_blank">There
are many ways
to spin a
photon:
Half-quantization
of a total
optical
angular
momentum |
Science
Advances</a><br class="">
</div>
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5946" class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="ecxqtdSeparateBR" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5807">Best</div>
<div class="ecxqtdSeparateBR" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5807"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="ecxqtdSeparateBR" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5807">David</div>
<div class="ecxqtdSeparateBR" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5807"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="ecxyahoo_quoted" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5860" style="display: block;">
<blockquote id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5859" style="border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid;
border-left-color:
rgb(16, 16,
255);
padding-left:
5px;" class="">
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5858" style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial,
'Lucida
Grande',
sans-serif;
font-size:
16px;" class="">
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5857" style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial,
'Lucida
Grande',
sans-serif;
font-size:
16px;" class="">
<div dir="ltr" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5862" class=""><font id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5983" class="" face="Arial" size="2">
<hr class="" size="1"><b class=""><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="">From:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Richard
Gauthier <<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
<b class=""><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="">To:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature
of Light and
Particles -
General
Discussion
<<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="">
<b class=""><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="">Cc:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Alexander
Burinskii <<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:bur@ibrae.ac.ru"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:bur@ibrae.ac.ru">bur@ibrae.ac.ru</a>><br class="">
<b class=""><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="">Sent:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Saturday,
May 14, 2016
12:30 AM<br class="">
<b id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6278" class=""><span id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_6277" style="font-weight: bold;" class="">Subject:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] inertia<br class="">
</font></div>
<div class="ecxy_msg_container" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5856"><br class="">
<div id="ecxyiv2438876326" class="">
<div id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5855" class="">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5861">Hello Chandra and all,</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326" id="ecxyui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1463518019710_5854"> This is very good news.
I’ve been
reading
several of
Alexander
Burinskii’s
recent (2015
and 2016)
published
papers on his
Kerr-Newman
bag model of
the electron
(2 pdf’s
attached). His
approach
integrates
black-hole
gravitational
theory, Higgs
theory and
electromagnetism
to produce a
internally-light-speed
model of the
electron with
radius
hbar/2mc like
John W and
Martin’s,
Chip’s,
Vivian’s and
my
double-looping-photon
electron
models.
Alexander's
electron model
is
energetically
stable,
contains a
circulating
light-speed
singularity (a
photon?) in
addition to an
electromagnetic wave circling along its outer rim along a circular
gravitational
string, has
g=2 (Dirac
magnetic
moment of
magnitude 1
Bohr
magneton), is
a fermion and
carries the
electron’s
charge. I
think
Alexander’s
electron model
has much to
offer, coming
from a
different
perspective
than much of
our group’s
electron
modeling. I
request
Alexander to
give us a
summary of the
key features
(and perhaps a
brief history)
of his
electron
model,
emphasizing
the nature of
its stability
(an important
issue in
circling-photon
electron
models.) I
hope that this
will stimulate
a critical
discussion of
his approach
in comparison
with our
various
approaches to
electron
modeling,
which could
lead to better
light-speed-based electron models coming up to the next SPIE “What are
photons”
conference in
San Diego in
August 2017.</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326yqt7623502451" id="ecxyiv2438876326yqtfd01392">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
Richard </div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br class="">
<br class="">
<div id="ecxyiv2438876326" class="">
<div class=""><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<div class="">
<blockquote class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">On
May 12, 2016,
at 6:12 PM,
Roychoudhuri,
Chandra <<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:chandra.roychoudhuri@uconn.edu"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:chandra.roychoudhuri@uconn.edu">chandra.roychoudhuri@uconn.edu</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326Apple-interchange-newline" clear="none">
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">I
will request
Burinskii to
participate in
our next
conference. </div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">Chandra. </div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326" id="ecxyiv2438876326composer_signature">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(87, 87, 87);">Sent via the Samsung
Galaxy S® 5
ACTIVE™, an
AT&T 4G
LTE smartphone</div>
</div>
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
--------
Original
message
--------<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
From: Richard
Gauthier <<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
Date:
5/12/2016 2:09
AM (GMT-05:00)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
To: Nature of
Light and
Particles -
General
Discussion
<<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
Cc: Alexander
Burinskii <<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:bur@ibrae.ac.ru"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:bur@ibrae.ac.ru">bur@ibrae.ac.ru</a>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
Subject: Re:
[General]
inertia<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">Dear
John W,
Martin,
Chandra,
Vivian,
Andrew, John
M, Chip,
Albrecht,
Hodge and
others,</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
I am in
contact with
the Russian
physicist and
academician
Alexander
Burinskii
(arXiv page of
his articles
at<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://arxiv.org/find/all/1/all:+AND+Alexander+Burinskii/0/1/0/all/0/1"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://arxiv.org/find/all/1/all:+AND+Alexander+Burinskii/0/1/0/all/0/1">http://arxiv.org/find/all/1/all:+AND+Alexander+Burinskii/0/1/0/all/0/1</a> ,
biography at<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.scirp.org/journal/DetailedInforOfEditorialBoard.aspx?personID=10183"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.scirp.org/journal/DetailedInforOfEditorialBoard.aspx?personID=10183">http://www.scirp.org/journal/DetailedInforOfEditorialBoard.aspx?personID=10183</a> ),
who has
written a very
interesting
article on
arXiv:
“Gravity vs.
quantum
theory: Is the
electron
really
pointlike?”
at <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0225"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0225">http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0225</a> .
He draws on
the
interesting
resemblance of
Kerr-Newman
gravity
formulations
to the
properties of
the Dirac
electron as a
light-speed
particle that
can only be
measured at
sub-light
speeds. Here’s
part of the
abstract:</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><span class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande', helvetica,
arial,
verdana,
sans-serif;
font-size:
14px;
background-color:
rgb(255, 255,
255);">"Contrary
to the
widespread
opinion that
gravity plays
essential role
only on the
Planck scales,
the
Kerr-Newman
gravity
displays a new
dimensional
parameter </span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax_Preview" style="color: rgb(136, 136,
136);
font-family:
'Lucida
Grande',
helvetica,
arial,
verdana,
sans-serif;
font-size:
14px;"></span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Element-5-Frame" style="display: inline; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: normal; white-space:
nowrap;
direction:
ltr;
max-width:
none;
max-height:
none;
min-width:
0px;
min-height:
0px; border:
0px; padding:
0px;
font-family:
'Lucida
Grande',
helvetica,
arial,
verdana,
sans-serif;"><span class="ecxyiv2438876326math" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-30" style="display:
inline-block;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px;
vertical-align: 0px; width: 5.722em;"><span class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="display:
inline-block;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px;
vertical-align: 0px; width: 4.788em; height: 0px; font-size: 17px;"><span class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px;
vertical-align:
0px;"><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mrow" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-31" style="display: inline; border:
0px; padding:
0px;
vertical-align:
0px;"><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mi" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-32" style="display: inline; border:
0px; padding:
0px;
vertical-align:
0px;
font-family:
STIXGeneral-Italic;">a</span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mo" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-33" style="display:
inline;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px
0px 0px
0.295em;
vertical-align:
0px;
font-family:
STIXGeneral-Regular;">=</span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mi" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-34" style="display:
inline;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px
0px 0px
0.295em;
vertical-align:
0px;
font-family:
STIXVariants;">ℏ</span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326texatom" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-35" style="display:
inline;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px;
vertical-align: 0px;"><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mrow" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-36" style="display: inline; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: 0px;"><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mo" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-37" style="display:
inline;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px;
vertical-align: 0px; font-family: STIXGeneral-Regular;">/</span></span></span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mo" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-38" style="display:
inline;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px;
vertical-align: 0px; font-family: STIXGeneral-Regular;">(</span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mn" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-39" style="display: inline; border:
0px; padding:
0px;
vertical-align:
0px;
font-family:
STIXGeneral-Regular;">2</span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mi" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-40" style="display:
inline;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px;
vertical-align: 0px; font-family: STIXGeneral-Italic;">m</span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mo" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-41" style="display: inline; border:
0px; padding:
0px;
vertical-align:
0px;
font-family:
STIXGeneral-Regular;">)</span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326mo" id="ecxyiv2438876326MathJax-Span-42" style="display:
inline;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px;
vertical-align: 0px; font-family: STIXGeneral-Regular;">,</span></span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="display: inline-block; border: 0px;
padding: 0px;
vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 2.512em;"></span></span></span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="display: inline-block; border-width:
0px;
border-left-style:
solid;
padding: 0px;
vertical-align: -0.274em; overflow: hidden; width: 0px; height:
1.184em;"></span></span></span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande', helvetica,
arial,
verdana,
sans-serif;
font-size:
14px;
background-color:
rgb(255, 255,
255);"> which
for parameters
of an electron
corresponds to
the Compton
wavelength and
turns out to
be very far
from the
Planck scale.
Extremely
large spin of
the electron
with respect
to its mass
produces the
Kerr geometry
without
horizon, which
displays very
essential
topological
changes at the
Compton
distance
resulting in a
two-fold
structure of
the electron
background.
The
corresponding
gravitational
and
electromagnetic
fields of the
electron are
concentrated
near the Kerr
ring, forming
a sort of a
closed string,
structure of
which is close
to the
described by
Sen heterotic
string. The
indicated by
Gravity
stringlike
structure of
the electron
contradicts to
the statements
of Quantum
theory that
electron is
pointlike and
structureless.
However, it
confirms the
peculiar role
of the Compton
zone of the
"dressed"
electron and
matches with
the known
limit of the
localization
of the Dirac
electron." </span></div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><span class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande', helvetica,
arial,
verdana,
sans-serif;
font-size:
14px;
background-color:
rgb(255, 255,
255);"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</span></div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
I think that
there some
potential for
Alexander
Burinskii's
Kerr-Newman
gravity
approach to
the electron
and the
various
double-looping
photon models
of the
electron to
find some
common ground
which may
benefit both
approaches to
modeling the
electron. In
particular the
centripetal
force of 0.424
N causing a
photon of
energy 0.511
MeV to move in
a closed
double-looping
trajectory of
radius
Ro=hbar/2mc in
a resting
electron model
could be
related to the
gravitational
and
electromagnetic
fields and
gravity
stringlike
structure of
the
Kerr-Newman
electron
model. </div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
Richard</div>
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<blockquote class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">On
May 9, 2016,
at 4:37 AM,
Albrecht Giese
<<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326Apple-interchange-newline" clear="none">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326moz-cite-prefix">Hello
Richard,<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
it is true
that we do not
know
everything in
physics
(otherwise
there would be
no reason for
further
research).
However, many
facts and
rules are
understood,
and I do not
see a good
reason to go
behind this
knowledge.<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
From my
2-particle
model it
follows for
leptons and
for quarks
that there is
E = h*ny. The
frequency is
the
circulation,
the energy
follows from
the mass which
the model
yields, when
using E =
m*c^2. This
latter
relation also
follows from
this model. (I
have presented
all this in
San Diego; it
was also
discussed here
earlier as I
remember; and
it is on my
web site "The
Origin of
Mass". Of
course I can
explain it
here again if
there is a
demand.)<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
As these
relations
obviously also
apply to the
photon, it
seems very
plausible that
the photon has
a similar
structure like
a lepton and a
quark. The
rules apply if
c is inserted
for the speed.
This also
leads to
p=h*ny/c.<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
And which
further
details do we
know about the
photon? It
must have an
extension as
it has a spin
which is
physically not
possible
without an
extension. And
it must have
charges as it
reacts with an
electric field
which is
otherwise not
explainable.
There must be
at least two
charges, a
positive and a
negative one,
as the photon
as a whole is
neutral. The
spin is twice
the one of a
lepton or a
quark, this
may be an
indication
that the
photon is
built by 4
sub-particles
rather than 2
of the kind
which I have
described.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
So, if the
photon has
positive and
negative
charges, which
means that it
has
sub-particles
with positive
and negative
charges, it is
quite
plausible that
the photon can
decompose into
a positive and
a negative
elementary
particle, so
into a
positron and
an electron.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
(You may call
this
speculative.
But it has
some strongly
plausible
aspects which
I am missing
in the other
models
presented
here.)<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
The curling-up
which you have
mentioned has
an orbital
component. To
move on an
orbit needs
some physical
conditions.
E.g. an
influence
which causes
the
acceleration
to its center.
This should be
physically
explained.<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
The conflict
between the
necessary
Higgs field
and the vacuum
field in the
universe is
treated in the
article of
F.J. Tipler in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<span class="ecxyiv2438876326st"><em class="ecxyiv2438876326">arXiv</em>:<em class="ecxyiv2438876326">astro</em>-<em class="ecxyiv2438876326">ph</em>/<em class="ecxyiv2438876326">0111520v1
.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></em>It
is well known
by particle
physicists I
have at
conferences
here<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326st">asked<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326st">several times the presenters of the Higgs
model for this
discrepancy.
They have
always
admitted that
this conflict
exists, but
some have
tried to blame
the
astronomers
for it. No one
ever has
presented a
solution for
the conflict.<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
Albrecht</span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
Am 07.05.2016
um 23:32
schrieb
Richard
Gauthier:<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<blockquote class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">Hello
Albrecht,</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
Thank your
for your
further
comments and
questions.</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
Your are
asking me why
photons have
momentum
p=hv/c .
That’s like
asking why
photons have
energy E=hv .
In physics
nobody knows
“why” anything
happens.
“Why?”
questions
always lead
back to a big
unknown.
Physicists
observe nature
qualitatively
and
quantitatively
and search for
cause-effect
relations,
equations,
theoretical
models and
symmetry
relations that
work ("save
the
appearances"),
and lead to
further and
better (more
accurate)
physical
predictions
that often
lead to
practical
applications
and hopefully
deeper
“understanding”
of physical
phenomena.</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
You ask why
a spin-1/2
photon curls
up. You could
just as well
ask why a
spin-1 photon
doesn’t curl
up, since it
has spin. (My
transluminal
energy quantum
model of a
spin-1 photon
at<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.academia.edu/4429810/Transluminal_Energy_Quantum_Models_of_the_Photon_and_the_Electron"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.academia.edu/4429810/Transluminal_Energy_Quantum_Models_of_the_Photon_and_the_Electron">https://www.academia.edu/4429810/Transluminal_Energy_Quantum_Models_of_the_Photon_and_the_Electron</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> is a helical model that is
consistent
with both a
photon's
spin-1 hbar
and its
forward linear
momentum
p=h/lambda). </div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
Your own
comments on
the possible
nature and
make-up of
photons are
extremely
speculative to
say the least.
You have no
photon model
at all. There
is zero
experimental
evidence that
a photon is
composite. You
should at
least try to
show how a
sufficiently
energetic
photon leads
to your
electron model
in
electron-positron
pair
production.</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
You claim
that
astronomers
deny the
existence of a
Higgs field
strong enough
to explain
noticeable
forces in
elementary
particles.
That is a
blanket
statement that
needs
supporting
evidence.
Please support
your claim
here with
sources. It’s
like claiming
that
“scientists
say”. Thanks.</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
Richard</div>
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<blockquote class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">On
May 7, 2016,
at 10:23 AM,
Albrecht Giese
<<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:genmail@a-giese.de">genmail@a-giese.de</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326Apple-interchange-newline" clear="none">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326moz-cite-prefix" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
font-variant:
normal;
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normal;
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normal;
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normal;
text-indent:
0px;
text-transform:
none;
white-space:
normal;
word-spacing:
0px;
background-color:
rgb(255, 255,
255);">Hello
Richard,<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
thank you for
your mail. I
still have
questions to
your
explanations:<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
To para 1):<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
According to
you
explanations
the circular
motion is
mainly
achieved by
the fact that
the particles
are "curling
up". Which
physical law
do you have in
mind that
causes them to
curl up? What
are the
quantitative
consequences?
- You say that
there is a
"configurational"
force which
controls the
internal
motion of an
electron and a
positron. You
assume that
this may come
from the Higgs
field. I think
that this is
highly
speculative as
astronomers
deny the
existence of a
Higgs field
which is
strong enough
to be an
explanation
for noticeable
forces in
elementary
particles.<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
To para 2):<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
The momentum
of a photon is
h<span class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="font-family: Symbol;">*n</span><span class="ecxyiv2438876326Apple-converted-space"> </span>y/c,
true. But what
is the
physical
mechanism
causing this
momentum?
Still not
answered.<span class="ecxyiv2438876326Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
I believe that
my mass
mechanism is
applicable to
the photon.
The photon has
an extension,
so it has
inertia by the
standard
mechanism for
extended
objects. And
in addition I
think that the
photon may be
composed by
the same
sub-particles
("basic
particles")
like leptons
and quarks.
The question
still open for
me is, why the
photon moves
steadily with
c. An
explanation
may be that it
moves always
into a certain
direction with
respect to its
internal set
up. On the
other hand,
the fact that
the rest mass
of the photon
is zero is
nothing more
than a
mathematical
result. Was
never
measured.<span class="ecxyiv2438876326Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
Albrecht<span class="ecxyiv2438876326Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
Am Sat, 30 Apr
2016 um
17:22:00
schrieb
Richard
Gauthier:<br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<blockquote class="ecxyiv2438876326" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
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<div class="ecxyiv2438876326moz-forward-container">
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">Hello
Albrecht,</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<span class="ecxyiv2438876326Apple-converted-space"> </span>Thank
you for your
two thoughtful
questions.</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">To
try to answer
them:</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">1)
I think it is
an incorrect
assumption
that only a
second
electric
charge or a
corresponding
permanent
field can
cause a
spin-1/2
charged photon
to move in a
circular or
helical
configuration.
Have you
considered
other possible
explanations?
One I have
considered, in
the context of
e-p
production, is
that two
uncharged
spin-1/2
photons of are
formed in the
process of
electron-positron
pair
production
from a spin-1
photon of
sufficient
energy
(greater than
1.022 MeV). At
first the two
uncharged
spin-1/2
photons both
move forward
together in a
kind of
unstable
equilibrium.
One has a
negative
charge
potentiality
and the other
has a positive
charge
potentiality,
yet both are
still neutral.
These two
uncharged
spin-1/2
photons can
either then
unite with
each other to
form a spin-1
photon, or
they can
separate in
the presence
of a nearby
charged
nucleus and
each curl up,
gaining
negative and
positive
charge
respectively,
as well as
rest mass
Eo/c^2, and
slowing down
(as they
become an
electron and
positron) to
less than
light-speed as
they curl up.
(Internally
these spin-1/2
charged
photons
maintain
light-speed c
in their
forward
direction, but
their
curled-up
configurations
as a electron
and a positron
have v < c
.) Once they
are both fully
curled up to
form a fully
charged
electron and
positron, they
continue to
move apart.
Now they each
have a stable
internal
equilibrium
(because of
conservation
of electric
charge) and
they cannot
individually
unroll (except
perhaps
virtually) to
become an
uncharged
spin-1/2
photon, and so
they remain a
stable
electron and a
stable
positron.
Their own
charged
curled-up
stable
equilibrium
maintains them
in their
curled-up
configurations,
supplying the
necessary
configurational
force that
maintains
their
circulating
motion to form
an electron or
a positron.
This
configurational
force that
maintains each
of them curled
up would be a
non-electrical
force. Perhaps
this
configurational
force that
maintains the
electron and
the positron
curled up with
rest mass and
moving at less
than
light-speed c,
comes from the
Higgs field.</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">
<span class="ecxyiv2438876326Apple-converted-space"> </span>When
an electron
and positron
meet, they may
first form a
positronium
atom. Then
they both
uncurl and
unite to form
an unstable
neutral
particle which
decays
immediately
into two or
three spin-1
photons, in
the process of
electron-positron annihilation.</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">2)
Why does the
spin-1/2
charged photon
have momentum?
you ask. It
is because it
is a photon
with momentum
hv/c . My
model of the
spin-1/2
charged photon
is similar to
my internally
transluminal
model of an
uncharged
photon, except
that the
spin-1/2
charged photon
makes two
helical loops
instead of one
per photon
wavelength,
and the
spin-1/2
charged photon
model's
helical radius
is 1/2 that of
the helical
radius of a
spin-1 photon
model , being
R=lambda/4pi
instead of
lambda/2 pi.
The uncurled
transluminal
spin-1/2
uncharged
photon model
curls up
nicely into a
curled-up
double-looping
spin-1/2
charged photon
model of an
electron. You
can read about
my
superluminal
uncharged
photon model
at <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.academia.edu/4429810/Transluminal_Energy_Quantum_Models_of_the_Photon_and_the_Electron"></a><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.academia.edu/4429810/Transluminal_Energy_Quantum_Models_of_the_Photon_and_the_Electron">https://www.academia.edu/4429810/Transluminal_Energy_Quantum_Models_of_the_Photon_and_the_Electron</a> or
I can e-mail
you a copy. I
have only
talked about
my current
model of the
superluminal
spin-1/2
charged photon
on the “Nature
of Light and
Particles”
e-list during
the past year.</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">I
hope these
possible
explanations
of the
spin-1/2
charged-photon
model are
helpful. I
don’t think
that you have
a photon model
yet that is
consistent
with your
two-particle
electron
model, in
terms of e-p
production and
e-p
annihilation.</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326">The
figure below,
which I
included in
this e-list
some months
ago, shows a
curled-up spin
1/2 charged
photon forming
a resting
electron (top
graphic) and
at different
increasing
relativistic
speeds (lower
graphics). The
green line is
the
double-looping
helical
trajectory of
the
circulating
charged photon
forming the
electron,
while the red
line is the
trajectory of
the
superluminal
energy quantum
of the
spin-1/2
photon model.
The
superluminal
energy quantum
in the resting
electron moves
on the surface
of a
mathematical
horn torus. As
the speed v of
the electron
model
increases, the
radius of the
green helical
trajectory
decreases as
1/gamma^2 ,
while the
radius of the
red trajectory
of the
superluminal
quantum
decreases as
1/gamma. </div>
<div class="ecxyiv2438876326"><br class="ecxyiv2438876326" clear="none">
</div>
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