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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Hello Everyone,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Attached is a draft of a new technical paper that I have just written titled “<b>Gravitational Waves Verify the Existence of Vacuum Energy</b>”. I would appreciate any comments, suggestions or criticism from this group. I am planning to submit it to a journal in about one week. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>While I have not participated much recently in the group discussion, still the group did influence this paper. In the past the main objection to my model of an electron and photons was criticized because it was based on the existence of vacuum energy with the very large energy density predicted by quantum field theory. Martin summarized the objections succinctly when he wrote, “If it cannot be measured, it does not exist.” Shortly after that time, the announcement was made that the first gravitational wave had been detected by LIGO. Finally, this was the proof that I have been waiting for. The gravitational wave had measured the properties of vacuum energy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> Gravitational waves strongly interact with vacuum energy and prove its existence. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>The attached paper takes the experimentally observed LIGO data plus other gravitational wave information and proves that the “stiffness” of spacetime encountered by gravitational waves can be quantified and modeled. I believe that reading this paper will result in improved models of electrons and photons because the vacuum is not an empty void. The properties of the vacuum must be incorporated into these models. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>John Macken<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>