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    <p><font size="-1">Al, <br>
        true that there are particles which are accessible more easily.
        But photons can be deflected by double slits, also by the
        Compton effect. And they can also interact with other photons
        under specific conditions. There is just a new report published
        by the university of Vienna/Wien (Austria). Published in "Nature
        Photonics". And on the other hand: If one wants to manipulate a
        neutron and get it into a specific direction, is that simple? <br>
      </font></p>
    <p><font size="-1">Is there in easy access to your paper of 1978?</font></p>
    <p><font size="-1">Albrecht</font><br>
    </p>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:7d40c472-7132-93f3-6ffa-f93e4c82b389@a-giese.de"
      type="cite">
      <div class="moz-forward-container">
        <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><font size="-1">Am 02.09.2016 um
            19:25 schrieb <a moz-do-not-send="true"
              class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
              href="mailto:af.kracklauer@web.de">af.kracklauer@web.de</a>:</font><br>
        </div>
        <blockquote
cite="mid:trinity-d98bff51-f419-4195-885c-f664d0f09e02-1472837107701@3capp-webde-bap50"
          type="cite">
          <div style="font-family: Verdana;font-size: 12.0px;">
            <div>
              <div>Albert:</div>
              <div> </div>
              <div>Philosophically you have a point: no one has ever
                "seen" an electron by means of eyeballs. But, it is a
                matter of degree.  Photons are not manipulable.  If it
                is intended to casue them to do something, then they are
                not engagned, rather the electrons for an electron
                current are, etc.  Likewise, if it is itneded to receive
                a photon, then it is required to arrange to have
                electrons lined up (in an antenna, say) waiting for
                them.  The properteies ascribed to "photons" in fact are
                not measured directly, but infered from those of the
                source/sink electrons (sometimes positrons, or whatever
                is taken to be such in a bubble chamber, etc.).  If the
                purpose is to do FUNDAMENTAL physics, then pedantic
                points such as these can turn out to be critical.  If
                all that is needed are recipies to enable the design of
                gadgets, then ...</div>
              <div> </div>
              <div>Mp point is to attract attention to the only closed,
                self consitent formulation of Electrodynamcis [all
                common versions are in fact just approximations], as
                described in an old paper of mine (J Math Phys. 19(4),
                838 (1978). </div>
              <div> 
                <div name="quote" style="margin:10px 5px 5px 10px;
                  padding: 10px 0 10px 10px; border-left:2px solid
                  #C3D9E5; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode:
                  space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">
                  <div style="margin:0 0 10px 0;"><b>Gesendet:</b> Freitag,
                    02. September 2016 um 14:29 Uhr<br>
                    <b>Von:</b> "Albrecht Giese" <a
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                      href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de"><phys@a-giese.de></a><br>
                    <b>An:</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                      href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a><br>
                    <b>Betreff:</b> Re: [General] photons: particles or?</div>
                  <div name="quoted-content">
                    <div style="background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">
                      <p><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"
                          size="-2">Al Kracklauer says:<br>
                          <br>
                          "Photons are a phantasy!  All that is know
                          about photons comes from infering what caused
                          a photo-electron (positron) to do what it did.
                           NO experimenter knows anything about a
                          "photon" as it as such is unobservable. "</font></p>
                      <p><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"
                          size="-2">I have described an experiment which
                          I have made for my PhD thesis. How can the
                          result of my experiment explained in the view
                          that photons are fantasy? I have expected here
                          an answer to this question.</font></p>
                      <p><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"
                          size="-2">And "a photon is unobservable". Was
                          a quark ever be observed? The up-quark and the
                          down-quark cannot even be isolated. But they
                          are understood to be particles. Was an
                          electron or a positron ever be observed? I
                          have never seen any of them even though in the
                          research-centre, which I was working for,
                          electrons have been the main focus of
                          observation. No properties of a photon known?
                          A photon has a known energy, momentum,
                          frequency, charge (=0), spin. Not enough?</font></p>
                      <p><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"
                          size="-2">How is the existence of a particle
                          is defined? A definition could be that it is
                          an object which carries a clearly defined
                          amount of energy. If this is accepted then the
                          objects / photons in my experiment have
                          clearly </font><font face="Helvetica, Arial,
                          sans-serif" size="-2"> been </font><font
                          face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" size="-2">particles.
                          If it is not accepted, please give us a usable
                          definition.</font></p>
                      <p><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"
                          size="-2">Albrecht</font><br>
                         </p>
                      <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><font
                          face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" size="-2">Am
                          30.08.2016 um 19:10 schrieb <a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                            href="af.kracklauer@web.de" target="_parent">af.kracklauer@web.de</a>:</font></div>
                      <blockquote>
                        <div style="font-family: Verdana;font-size:
                          12.0px;">
                          <div>
                            <p>Albert Giese wrote:</p>
                            <p><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"
                                size="-1">"Another point in the
                                discussion is the question of how
                                photons can be understood. It is said
                                (at different places of the foregoing
                                discussion) that matter (i.e. leptons
                                and quarks) can be converted into pure
                                energy, which means photons in this
                                context. Why is it denied that a photon
                                is a particle? It has all properties of
                                a particle which the speciality that it
                                permanently moves with c. And with this
                                latter property it is very close to a
                                neutrino for which nobody questions that
                                it is a particle. And a photon has a
                                well defined energy. This fact was
                                indeed questioned by some contributions
                                in this forum. To those who are
                                questioning it I would like to explain
                                the following: ..."</font></p>
                            <p> </p>
                            <p><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"
                                size="-1">To this one might retort:</font></p>
                            <p> </p>
                            <p>Photons are a phantasy!  All that is know
                              about photons comes from infering what
                              caused a photo-electron (positron) to do
                              what it did.  NO experimenter knows
                              anything about a "photon" as it as such is
                              unobservable.  Only photo induced
                              electrons are.  Thus any theory about what
                              has happend behind the veil is just
                              guess-work.  Further, any imaginary
                              concoction that correctly predics the
                              behaviour of photo-electrons is equally
                              valid.  Honesty with one's self requires
                              acknowledging that theories about the
                              unknowable are are also unverifiable.</p>
                            <p>No matter what "people" do or don't
                              question about nutrinos [a thoretical
                              entity with an even more vague pedigree!],
                              the state of knowledge about these
                              entities is beyond the knowable and in the
                              realm of myth.  It is, therefore,
                              eminently arguabble that, electric
                              interaction should be denoted as just that
                              and limit the theory to what
                              source-electrons do to sink-electrons
                              without imaginay intermediate, artificial
                              constructs. </p>
                            <p>For what it's worth,  Al Krackauer</p>
                            <p> </p>
                            <p> </p>
                          </div>
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