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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#20188C'>Hi Chip,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#20188C'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#20188C'>I do have an answer for your question about the stiffness of space. I have been working on this for a long time and I believe that I have come up with some amazing results. Attached is my latest version of a paper I have been writing on this subject. Here is the abstract from this paper.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#20188C'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Abstract: </span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Gravitational waves </span>(GWs) have some characteristics of acoustic waves.<span style='font-size:11.0pt'> </span>For example, GWs <span style='font-size:11.0pt'>have amplitude, frequency, intensity, propagation speed and encounter</span> spacetime as having a<span style='font-size:11.0pt'> quantifiable impedance. These </span>characteristics <span style='font-size:11.0pt'>permit</span> GWs to be analyzed to obtain the apparent “acoustic” properties of spacetime. The result is that GWs encounter spacetime as if it is <span style='font-size:11.0pt'>an extremely stiff elastic medium</span> with a large energy density. The energy density encountered by GWs scales with frequency squared and equals Planck energy density (<span style='font-family:"Cambria Math",serif'>∿</span>10<sup>113</sup> J/m<sup>3</sup>) at Planck frequency. <span style='font-size:11.0pt'>This matches the vacuum energy density predicted by quantum </span>field theory at this frequency. This finding <span style='font-size:11.0pt'>makes a new contribution to one of the major mysteries of physics known as the cosmological constant problem.</span> <span style='font-size:11.0pt'>An analysis of the </span>GW<span style='font-size:11.0pt'> designated GW150914 is also given as a numerical example. A model of vacuum energy is proposed</span> to be Planck length vacuum fluctuations at Planck frequency.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#20188C'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#20188C'>John M.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#20188C'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> General [mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Chip Akins<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 06, 2017 8:16 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'Hodge John' <jchodge@frontier.com>; 'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion' <general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Hi John H<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Not like inertia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Chandra and I both feel that space is comprised of a tension medium.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>But if that is the case then it seems that medium must be very “stiff”. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>So that it would take a large force to displace space a small amount.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>But the stiffness would be due to the tensor strength of the medium. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Space would then be “frictionless” for all practical purposes. But would oppose displacement with a force.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Chip<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Hodge John<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 06, 2017 9:57 AM<br><b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1507301688974_3068"><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'>"Stiff" like inertia?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1507301688974_3068"><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'>Hodge<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>On Friday, October 6, 2017 7:22 AM, Chip Akins <<a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com">chipakins@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div id=yiv2981976839><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'>Hi John M<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'>Earlier, while reading your work, I noticed you discussed the stiffness of space.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'>I am looking for some insight into how to quantify just how “stiff” the medium of space is. Hoping to relate fundamental force to fundamental displacement.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'>Do you have any thoughts on how to address this issue?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'>Chip<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'>_______________________________________________<br>If you no longer wish to receive communication from the Nature of Light and Particles General Discussion List at <a href="mailto:jchodge@frontier.com">jchodge@frontier.com</a><br><a href="<a href="http://lists.natureoflightandparticles.org/options.cgi/general-natureoflightandparticles.org/jchodge%40frontier.com?unsub=1&unsubconfirm=1" target="_blank">http://lists.natureoflightandparticles.org/options.cgi/general-natureoflightandparticles.org/jchodge%40frontier.com?unsub=1&unsubconfirm=1</a>"><br>Click here to unsubscribe<br></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>