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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Adam and Chip:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">You may be aware that I invited Carver Mead to be the Keynote Speaker for our 2013 conference on the Nature of Light. His speech can be found on our web:
<a href="https://www.natureoflight.org/">https://www.natureoflight.org/</a> . Carver Mead openly appreciates Non-Interaction of Waves. He learned from Feynman about the “electron tunneling” I solids and became the “father’ of VLSI (very large scale integrated
circuit). Without the steady advancement of VLSI, we could not have enjoyed the ongoing IT revolutions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Now some of my comments related to CTF:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></i></b><![endif]><b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt">“CTF”:</span></i></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> I have been trying to choose naming phrases as descriptive as possible to reflect what I mean. This is to avoid future confusion
in interpretation what is meant by some phrases or terms. “Complex” implying that there are many more intrinsic physical properties possessed by CTF beyond “Epsilon” and “Mu” of electromagnetism, which we still have to identify, name and quantify. They will
be related to the emergence of quantized charge and spin in “particles” as self-looped (resonant), but EM wave-like motion of E&M gradients triggered by appropriate perturbing force.
<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></i></b><![endif]><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> <b><i>CTF as a potential platform for unified field theory:</i></b> My independent discovery of Non-Interaction of Waves (NIW) amplitudes (during 1975; now I know that it was known as serious
physics since 1000 years past: - Alhazen, Huygens, Planck, etc.) triggered my appreciation of linearity built into Maxwell’s wave equation. Then, “CTF” becomes a natural choice to accommodate NIW and the two postulates of SR (without its burdensome 4D concept).
CTF not only helps integrate all the optical phenomena more seamlessly; it also demands that Cosmological Redshift cannot be due to optical Doppler Effect. Further, stationary CTF, jointly with the postulates of particles as its localized resonant oscillations,
easily accommodates absence of ether drag found by MMX (Michelson-Morley) experiments. Also, particles as harmonic oscillators, easily removes the “wave-particle duality” .
<b><i>Exp[iwt]</i></b> is not a plane wave as Schrodinger and Bohr thought. Plane wave does not exist in the real universe. [I am now attaching the full set of VG that I presented to our students last Friday.]<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Longitudinal velocity faster than “c”:
</span></i></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Chip, I may have found the experimental observation that may need this special localized phenomenon when EM wave energy (perturbation energy getting pushed away by the CTF with a velocity “c”) senses a nearby resonant
“sink” (resonant absorbing atoms). Then, “to get rid of the perturbation energy” that it cannot assimilate (conservation of energy); the CTF
<b><i>pushes</i></b> the perturbation energy packet, as quickly as it can into the resonant atomic sink. I have also postulated that the resonant atomic dipole, with the preliminary touch of the early wave packet tail, the oscillating dipole tries to
<b>pull</b> (suck) in the necessary amount of a <b><i>quantum cupful</i></b> of energy (hv) out of the total field energy. This push-pull collaborative tendency support the possibility of faster-than-light velocity of the light wave packet; but only as a local
phenomenon during stimulated absorption process. These points can be found from other recent presentation (attached) at the Washington, DC, OSA meeting. [See slide #4 in the 2<sup>nd</sup> attachment.</span>
<span style="font-size:14.0pt">This is also mentioned in my book, “Causal Physics” and in the paper, “Resonant Energy Absorption and the CTF Hypothesis”, by M. Ambroselli and C. Roychoudhuri;</span>
<span style="font-size:14.0pt">Proc. SPIE Vol.8832,Paper#29 (2013).]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Chandra.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> General [mailto:general-bounces+chandra.roychoudhuri=uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Adam K<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, October 08, 2017 11:51 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Chip,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I did not gather that you want longitudinal waves to travel faster than light. I don't understand how that idea explains things causally. It seems to be the opposite of causality. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I agree that Maxwell's equations are incomplete (a "torso" as Einstein called them) and need to be derived from properties of a CTF. The way to do this, in my opinion, is to discover the structure of a single electron within the CTF, and
show how placing two of them side by side gives rise immediately to the electrostatic force. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I did not see any derivations of fundamental equations in your paper. Perhaps I missed them. Did you have an equation yourself, which describes the behavior of objects in the CTF? It would be good to see how Maxwell's equations result from
that. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
Adam<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Oct 8, 2017 at 5:37 AM, Chip Akins <<a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank">chipakins@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">Hi Adam</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">Thank you.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">I agree that gravity is a refraction.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">Perhaps I have not written the paper in a manner which gets the ideas across well.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">I have not started with anything more than a tension medium of space, Planck’s action, the force of electric charge, the mass energy equivalence, and experimental
data, to derive the model of space discussed in the paper.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">I did not start with GR, but GR is a result, I did not start with Schrodinger’s or Dirac’s equations, but they are results.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">My view and Chandra’s of space are quite similar, but that I feel that longitudinal displacement of space is much faster than light.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">I also feel that Maxwell’s equations are a good mathematical expression for the momentum which is created by the mechanisms mentioned in the paper. But
that Maxwell’s equations are not to be considered complete because they do not address spin. But in addition to not being complete, I think Maxwell’s equations are just an expression of one of the artifacts (momentum) of the reaction of energy with space,
and that the reactions are at a deeper level than these equations by themselves can disclose.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">So I do not think that a stiffness of space which is derived from Maxwell’s equations alone will be accurate either. Just as I do not think that a stiffness
derived from the speed of light will be accurate. One concept that I wanted to get across in the paper is that the speed of light and Maxwell’s equations are a study of certain observables, but that evidence seems to suggest that these observables arise from
a set of circumstances which is not just a transverse wave in space. There is more than that going on.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">If space is a tension medium and, if we accept that longitudinal displacement of space propagates much faster than light, it solves so many of the puzzles
in a simple causal natural manner, that I feel we cannot ignore this possibility.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">Chip</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> General [mailto:</span><a href="mailto:general-bounces%2Bchipakins" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">general-bounces+chipakins</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">=</span><a href="mailto:gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Adam K<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, October 08, 2017 2:59 AM</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Chip,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">I think you would do well to follow Chandra's way of thinking here. There are a few reasons:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">1) It is much simpler. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">2) The vacuum fluctuations are not without their problems. They give rise to a prediction that is the worst in all of physics: <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant_problem" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant_problem</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">I was talking to Carver Mead about this issue and he pointed out that the vacuum catastrophe has come about through explanation of the Lamb shift, which is a tiny discrepancy in
the energy levels of hydrogen. In his opinion, we should be humble and admit we have not figured out the Lamb shift yet, rather than accept the current explanation, which gives rise to a prediction of the cosmological constant at least 10e40 times, ie 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000
times larger (and possibly even another 10e60 times greater!!) than what is observed. Maybe John M has an opinion about this. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">3) In my humble opinion, you are on the right track to think about gravity as the refraction of a wave. This is how I think about it, and I believe this is clearly correct. (I could
not tell if this is how you think about gravity, really, because in the paper you sent out you use different terms to explain it). Whatever theory you are looking for needs derive the Einstein equation (as well as the Maxwell equations and Schrodinger equation),
not start from there. General Relativity is so profound, and wonderful, it is because of it that you and I and Chandra et al. are searching for a solution to the question in terms of an underlying ether, fabric, CTF, what have you. However, GR only describes
the reaction of that fabric to mass and energy, it does not explain how mass and energy emerge. These quantities are expressed by the stress energy tensor T_{\mu\nu} in the right hand side of the Einstein equation, and Einstein called this tensor an 'asylum
ignorantiae'. It seems to me that you are looking to explain the origin of energy and mass, which is what you should be doing, so your explorations should be one level deeper than GR.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Adam<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">On Fri, Oct 6, 2017 at 3:13 PM, Roychoudhuri, Chandra <<a href="mailto:chandra.roychoudhuri@uconn.edu" target="_blank">chandra.roychoudhuri@uconn.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Chip, Macken:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">I have a different approach to the stiffness of the space.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Just look at the Slide#12 in the attached document.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">I conclude Ether as the Complex
<b><i>Tension</i></b> Field (CTF) based on the fact that this CTF allows the perpetual velocity “c” for light
<b><i>WAVES </i></b>through it<b><i>,</i></b> same everywhere. Therefore, from Maxwell’s equation “epsilon” and “mu” are the most important determinants of the space stiffness. These two constants have been measured repeatedly since the beginning of physics.
I have presented this approach in my 2014 book (“Causal Physics”) and many of my earlier papers. Fortunately, math is accessible to undergraduate students (Slide #12).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Chandra.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">PS: The attached document is a cut out version of my1-hr. seminar today to our graduate students. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> General [mailto:</span><a href="mailto:general-bounces%2Bchandra.roychoudhuri" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">general-bounces+chandra.roychoudhuri</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">=</span><a href="mailto:uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>John Macken<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 06, 2017 1:30 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion' <</span><a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">>;
'Hodge John' <</span><a href="mailto:jchodge@frontier.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">jchodge@frontier.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:#20188C">Hi Chip,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:#20188C"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:#20188C">I do have an answer for your question about the stiffness of space. I have been working on this for a long time and I believe that I have come up with
some amazing results. Attached is my latest version of a paper I have been writing on this subject. Here is the abstract from this paper.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:#20188C"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:justify">
<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Abstract: </span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Gravitational waves
</span>(GWs) have some characteristics of acoustic waves.<span style="font-size:11.0pt">
</span>For example, GWs <span style="font-size:11.0pt">have amplitude, frequency, intensity, propagation speed and encounter</span> spacetime as having a<span style="font-size:11.0pt"> quantifiable impedance. These
</span>characteristics <span style="font-size:11.0pt">permit</span> GWs to be analyzed to obtain the apparent “acoustic” properties of spacetime. The result is that GWs encounter spacetime as if it is
<span style="font-size:11.0pt">an extremely stiff elastic medium</span> with a large energy density. The energy density encountered by GWs scales with frequency squared and equals Planck energy density (<span style="font-family:"Cambria Math",serif">∿</span>10<sup>113</sup>
J/m<sup>3</sup>) at Planck frequency. <span style="font-size:11.0pt">This matches the vacuum energy density predicted by quantum
</span>field theory at this frequency. This finding <span style="font-size:11.0pt">
makes a new contribution to one of the major mysteries of physics known as the cosmological constant problem.</span>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt">An analysis of the </span>GW<span style="font-size:11.0pt"> designated GW150914 is also given as a numerical example. A model of vacuum energy is proposed</span> to be Planck length vacuum fluctuations at Planck frequency.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:#20188C"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:#20188C">John M.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:#20188C"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> General [</span><a href="mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Chip Akins<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 06, 2017 8:16 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Hodge John' <</span><a href="mailto:jchodge@frontier.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">jchodge@frontier.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">>; 'Nature of
Light and Particles - General Discussion' <</span><a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Stiffness of space</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">Hi John H</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">Not like inertia.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">Chandra and I both feel that space is comprised of a tension medium.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">But if that is the case then it seems that medium must be very “stiff”.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">So that it would take a large force to displace space a small amount.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">But the stiffness would be due to the tensor strength of the medium.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">Space would then be “frictionless” for all practical purposes. But would oppose displacement with a force.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">Chip</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> General [</span><a href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Hodge John<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 06, 2017 9:57 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <</span><a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Stiffness of space</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">"Stiff" like inertia?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Hodge</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">On Friday, October 6, 2017 7:22 AM, Chip Akins <</span><a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">chipakins@gmail.com</span></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">>
wrote:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Hi John M</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Earlier, while reading your work, I noticed you discussed the stiffness of space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">I am looking for some insight into how to quantify just how “stiff” the medium of space is. Hoping to relate fundamental force to fundamental displacement.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Do you have any thoughts on how to address this issue?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Chip</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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