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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">Yes, Chip, I have started gathering my thoughts on CTF and writing them down. Give me a few days.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">Chandra.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> General [mailto:general-bounces+chandra.roychoudhuri=uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Chip Akins<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 16, 2017 4:00 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion' <general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [General] Space<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Hi Chandra<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">I am compiling a list of considerations, which each indicate that space is a tension medium.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">It would be helpful and much appreciated if you could list the reasons you feel this is the case. There seem to be many clues, and some quite compelling reasons, to view space in this manner. But I suspect you
have discovered some reasons for this view that I have not yet unearthed. I thought it might be good to compile a more complete list.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Chip<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Gauthier<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 16, 2017 12:18 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Interference of Photons<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Standard definition of photon: "<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but
has zero rest mass."</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Since a electron has a rest mass m, it cannot be composed of a photon, which has zero rest mass. But it can be composed of a half-photon having a circling momentum
mc=Eo/c, which would have, starting from Newton’s 2nd law F=dP/dt= wP = m A-centripetal, a rest mass m=Eo/c^2 .</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"> Richard.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Oct 16, 2017, at 7:12 AM, Dr Grahame Blackwell <<a href="mailto:grahame@starweave.com">grahame@starweave.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">Chip an' All,</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">A few 'assumptions' in your response below, Chip, that I would regard as verging on dogma rather than science.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">It's my understanding that a photon is a packet (quantum) of time-varying waveform electromagnetic energy. Period. By that definition there's
absolutely nothing stopping such a quantum 'chasing its own tail' (or more properly, self-interfering so as to hold a circular path, once so constrained); there's nothing stopping such a localised manifestation of such energy exhibiting the quality of 'charge'
as an artefact of its electric and magnetic fields (note that 'charge' is simply an effect, it's not any more defined than that - and that effect MUST travel with the TEM wave, including conforming with interference effects (since interference is de facto
for electrons), so it MUST (IMO) be an artefact OF that wave); if we say that a photon does not EXHIBIT charge effects, rather than 'POSSESSING charge' (whatever that may mean), I'd say no, in its rectilinear form it doesn't - but we're discussing a different
topology of the same EM quantum; likewise a rectilinear EM quantum doesn't exhibit 1/2 hbar spin - but consider a rock travelling in a straight line then that same rock being whirled around in a circle on the end of a rope...</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">As for "a photon does not have the capacity to be fully confined in three dimensions" - how do you know that??? This is a statement of belief,
not of science. [Eddington famously said of Chandrasekhar's findings: "I cannot believe that a star would behave in such a manner" - and so held back advances on our understanding of black holes for decades.]</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">Ok, semantics - but don't let's allow semantics to limit our open-mindedness with regard to truly scientific possibilities.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">Best regards,</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">Grahame</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">----- Original Message -----<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:#E4E4E4"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" title="chipakins@gmail.com"><span style="color:purple">Chip
Akins</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">To:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" title="general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style="color:purple">'Nature
of Light and Particles - General Discussion'</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Sent:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Monday,
October 16, 2017 12:54 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Subject:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Re:
[General] Interference of Photons<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">Hi Grahame<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">Yes. Perhaps semantics is getting in the way regarding a photon within an electron.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">It seems that the correct half of what makes a photon would possess a single polarity of electric charge. That is a portion of my objection to using the term photon for this form of energy. A photon does not possess
a single polarity of charge. But a photon does not have the capacity to be fully confined in three dimensions and exhibit ½ hbar spin either.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">So to me, so much has to be different from the properties of a photon, that calling this propagating energy within the electron a photon is not really an accurate or clear description. But if one want to imagine
that a photon can have charge, and a photon can be fully confined (not travel in a straight line at c), and can possess ½ hbar spin, then they could still call this thing a photon. Just doesn’t seem correct to me.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">Chip<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">General
[<a href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style="color:purple">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On
Behalf Of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Dr Grahame Blackwell<br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, October 16, 2017 6:37 AM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style="color:purple">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Interference of Photons</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">Hi Chip & all,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">Having written of an electron as being a cyclic-photon construct, I have to agree with Chip that there are compelling reasons why a linear
photon could not by itself form an electron. My concept of a 'cyclic photon' is that of an electromagnetic waveform like a linear photon, but constrained by its own electromagnetic field interactions to travel in a cyclic path rather than linearly. In my
parlance this doesn't make it 'not a photon' - it depends on whether one's definition of a photon is necessarily something that travels in a straight line or whether one regards it simply as a packet of electromagnetic energy in the form of a self-propagating time-varying
electromagnetic field effect: the latter is my understanding of the term.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">So whilst I don't totally agree with Chip's view that there isn't a photon circulating in (or rather AS) an electron, this is due to our differing
views on what constitutes a photon - it appears that we're agreed on what constitutes an electron. I'm also fully in agreement with Chip (and all experimental evidence that I know of) that two half-photons (of requisite energy) can form an electron.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">Best regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy">Grahame</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">----- Original Message -----<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:#E4E4E4"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" title="chipakins@gmail.com"><span style="color:purple">Chip
Akins</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">To:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" title="general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><span style="color:purple">'Nature
of Light and Particles - General Discussion'</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Sent:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Monday,
October 16, 2017 12:20 PM</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Subject:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Re:
[General] Interference of Photons</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">Hi John M and Vivian<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">First,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>Vivian</b>. I am and exception apparently, for I do not believe there is a photon circulating inside an electron. To me the evidence indicates that a whole photon
cannot become an electron. The whole photon does not possess the properties it takes to be confined to become and electron. Two half photons could become an electron.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b>John M</b>. One thing I wanted to mention is related to your comment…<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">“My model obtains the exact force between two particles at any separation if they had Planck charge rather than charge<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>e.</i>”<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">This is because the model of space as a two component tension medium suggested, obtains the exact force between two particles at any separation, and this is precisely the force of the elementary charge.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">So I will take a look at the gravitational force between two electrons using this model and get back to you.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">Chip<o:p></o:p></p>
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