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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">Chip and other colleagues:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">On the request of Chip, I have made an attempt to summarize my views related to my postulate that the cosmic space (elephant) consists of a physically continuous and a stationary Complex Tension
Filed (CTF). The concept of my “CTF” is , of course, an evolution out of the old “Ether”. “Complex” implies that its “tension” or stiffness constitutes several tension properties which, under dynamic oscillation of its tension value (no physical translational
movement), generates various other emergent properties necessary to construct our evolving universe. I have tried to explain the emergence of the “trunk”, the “tusks”, the “tails”, the “legs”, etc., etc., of the Cosmic Elephant out of the same CTF by connecting
them to existing theories and observations; and sometimes, challenging them. <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">I know, many of you would not agree with a variety of my assertions. I am open to change my opinions if I find better and more comprehensive logics to think otherwise.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">The key attempt is to stimulate the group to define a “field” to develop a unified field theory from the bottom up.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">Chandra.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> General [mailto:general-bounces+chandra.roychoudhuri=uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Gauthier<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 11, 2017 11:45 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Phil Butler <phil.butler@canterbury.ac.nz>; Niels Gresnigt <niels.gresnigt@xjtlu.edu.cn>; Mark, Martin van der <martin.van.der.mark@philips.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hello John M.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> You were extremely fortunate with your beautiful house. I also live in Santa Rosa in Sonoma County which has been partly devastated by wild fires pushed by high winds. Two days ago my wife and I shifted to nearby San Francisco for
a while. Our home in downtown Santa Rosa is still OK but there are fires within a mile or two. The house in Santa Rosa which we moved out of about 2 years ago burned to the ground two days ago with most of the other houses in that neighborhood.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> Despite all this I’m making progress with a composite photon model composed of two internally-superluminal spin-1/2 charged half-photons.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> Richard<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Oct 11, 2017, at 12:08 AM, <a href="mailto:john@macken.com">
john@macken.com</a> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hello John W. and All,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
I have some experimental evidence indicating that photons can interfere with other photons. From about 1969 to 1971 I worked of CO2 laser radar systems. We would routinely interfere two laser beams generated by different lasers and observe the beat frequency.
These two beams were combined using a semi-transparent mirror similar to the mirror used in an interferometer. The beat frequency could be as large as 40 MHz or as small as a few tens of Hz. Since the photons in each beam were coming from different lasers,
they must have been interference between different photons. I have several other examples that prove this point, but these additional examples probably are not necessary.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
On another subject, I live in Santa Rosa, California and my house was one of the thousands of houses in the path of the tremendous wild fires to strike Northern California. Of the 49 houses closest to me, 39 were destroyed and 10 survived. My house was one
of the 10 that survived. It was surrounded by landscaping about 10 meters wide that served as a fire break.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
John M.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">-----Original Message-----<br>
From: "John Williamson" <<a href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk">John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk</a>><br>
Sent: Monday, October 9, 2017 9:27pm<br>
To: "Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion" <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br>
Cc: "Phil Butler" <<a href="mailto:phil.butler@canterbury.ac.nz">phil.butler@canterbury.ac.nz</a>>, "Niels Gresnigt" <<a href="mailto:Niels.Gresnigt@xjtlu.edu.cn">Niels.Gresnigt@xjtlu.edu.cn</a>>, "Mark, Martin van der" <<a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times">Dear All,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times">I think the recent discussions could do with a dose of the other side of the scientific method: facing any conjectures with experiment. Also there are a couple of bits of theory I thought
were also “common knowledge” which seem to be outside the recent discussion within the group and, on which, I would appreciate clarification by those more knowledgable in the field than I.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times">Firstly, the recent experimental detection of gravitational waves has something to say about the conjecture that gravitation may be “faster than light”. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>If
this were so, then one would expect to see the timings in Ligo be more similar to each other, would one not? At “infinite” velocity of the disturbance the signals would appear at the same time. They do not. The observed results are all consistent with the
gravitational wave disturbance travelling at lightspeed, as far as I am aware. If there were indeed two solar-mass objects in rotation about one another at near lightspeed I would expect to see longitudinal gravitation waves which Ligo should have been able
to pick up, would I not? I must admit to being a bit disappointed by this, as Martin and I have long conjectured that disturbances in the fabric of space-time may be pretty much “instantaneous”. Apparently not so.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times">Secondly on photons interfering with themselves. I am pretty sure, not only because of the exclusion principle but also because of having done the experiments myself, that electrons interfere
only with themselves. I do not see why the same should not be true of photons. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Three things confuse, one experimental one “theoretical” and one just basically confusional.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times">Experimental: it is my understanding that many experiments have been done in interference where there is only one “photon” in the detector at a time. The interference pattern builds up, photon
by photon. This has now been done so often, and for so many years, that I thought this was beyond any reasonable doubt. True?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times">Theoretical: the path integral formalism of electromagnetism requires photon interference with itself to derive why photons travel in “straight” lines at all. There is a simple exposition
of this in the Feynmann lectures on physics. This is here a consequence of the photon interfering ONLY with itself, and with many different possible phases. Is this then wrong and if so, why? If it is wrong, and given that the Maxwell equations by themselves
would predict sources give out pretty much spherical waves, as is the case for sound, what is the alternative explanation for their traveling pretty much exclusively in straight lines from emitter to absorber?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times">Confusional. If a photon is somewhere emitted at lightspeed it is immediately and irrevocably outside the light-cone of every other photon in the universe. It is a “gone”.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> The
only other thing on its light-cone is its future absorber. How then, could this possibly interfere with anything but itself?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times">Yours, confusedly,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times">JGW.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org">general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]
on behalf of Andrew Meulenberg [<a href="mailto:mules333@gmail.com">mules333@gmail.com</a>]<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Sent:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, October 09, 2017 7:36 PM<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">To:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Subject:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Stiffness of space</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Mon, Oct 9, 2017 at 2:29 PM, Chip Akins<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><<a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank">chipakins@gmail.com</a>><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Andrew<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">One thing which we may have overlooked is the possibility that longitudinal displacement of space is faster than light, just as longitudinal displacement of any medium is faster than transverse waves.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The only direct manifestations we have of longitudinal displacement of space are electric charge and gravity. If circulating transverse displacements create particles, then the fields are longitudinal displacements, with their geometric
origin at the particle center.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">So it is my opinion that longitudinal displacement is much faster than light.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I also feel that what we sense as transverse waves, are actually caused by the mechanism which creates momentum in the spinning longitudinal displacements of particles.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">While I agree that the phenomenon that leads to gravity, mass, and charge cannot be turned on or off instantaneously. It must be 'moved' from place to place…<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I do not feel that it is caused by standing waves or anything else which travels at c. But I do feel that the center of the phenomenon that leads to gravity, mass, and charge of any particle cannot move faster than c.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Chip<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">General
[mailto:<a href="mailto:general-bounces%2Bchipakins" target="_blank">general-bounces+chipakins</a>=<a href="mailto:gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">On
Behalf Of</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span>Andrew Meulenberg<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Sent:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, October 09, 2017 7:13 AM</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<strong>To:</strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br>
<strong>Subject:</strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">Dear Chip and all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Could you comment on my view of superluminal velocities?<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<div style="margin-left:30.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal">The phenomenon that leads to gravity, mass, and charge cannot be turned on or off instantaneously. It must be 'moved' from place to place. Their infinite-range consequences precede and follow along this motion. This means that any 'changes'
in the source of these effects are propagated thru a region that already has 'excess' energy 'embedded' (probably as a standing wave). Therefore, the disturbance can move thru the region as a phase change that can propagate at greater than the speed of light.
"New' energy transfer is still limited to c. The difference in phase vs group velocities could be the cause of 'inertia'.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
Andrew M.<br>
_ _ _<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Oct 8, 2017 at 8:34 PM, Chip Akins <<a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank">chipakins@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Adam<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Due to information from experiment, and calculations by Feynman, there is significant evidence that electric charge “propagates” much faster than light. (References available)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">When we carefully study binary stars, and compute their orbital changes, it becomes clear that gravity is also a faster than light phenomenon. (Take a look at this for yourself, I think you may be surprised.)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">In any medium, longitudinal displacement propagates through the medium significantly faster than transverse waves propagate.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">So it is a reasonable avenue of inquiry to address the possibility, in fact probability, that longitudinal displacement propagates through space much faster than light.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">When we combine that premise with the premise that space is a two component tension medium, we can easily explain the cause of electric charge, gravity, the strong force, the quantization of charge, the mechanism which creates momentum,
the mechanism which creates mass, and the list goes on. (I have written, or am writing papers on each of these subjects due to the fruitfulness of this research.)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I have not found any place in the literature which has explored this possibility (space as a two component tension medium, and longitudinal displacement faster than light). But many important things can be resolved using such an approach.
There is then no need to resort to extra dimensions, or magical explanations, to explain what we observe.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">If this is the reality of nature, then Maxwell’s equations are a partial description of the behavior of the momentum created in this scenario, and we can recreate Maxwell’s equations by expressing part of the momentum operators generated
by this approach.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">BTW, this approach also explains magnetic fields, shows why more energetic particles are smaller particles, explains why light (photons) have a spin of 1 hbar and electrons have a spin of ½ hbar… etc.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">So, after much work to find out if this could be the way it actually works in nature, I have found that the answers to most of the puzzles of physics emerge naturally from this scenario. Including pilot waves and the appearance of entanglement.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Therefore my current opinion is that this is much more causal than assuming that nothing travels faster than light. In fact, since we have never found a medium in which longitudinal displacement propagation is as slow as transverse displacement
propagation, it is starting to seem quite naive to me that we assumed that transverse “waves” were the only form of displacement, and naïve to assume that longitudinal displacement of space would be the same speed as transverse “waves”.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Chip<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">General
[mailto:<a href="mailto:general-bounces%2Bchipakins" target="_blank">general-bounces+chipakins</a>=<a href="mailto:gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">On
Behalf Of</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span>Adam K<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Sent:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, October 08, 2017 10:51 AM</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<strong>To:</strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br>
<strong>Subject:</strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Chip,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I did not gather that you want longitudinal waves to travel faster than light. I don't understand how that idea explains things causally. It seems to be the opposite of causality. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I agree that Maxwell's equations are incomplete (a "torso" as Einstein called them) and need to be derived from properties of a CTF. The way to do this, in my opinion, is to discover the structure of a single electron within the CTF, and
show how placing two of them side by side gives rise immediately to the electrostatic force. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I did not see any derivations of fundamental equations in your paper. Perhaps I missed them. Did you have an equation yourself, which describes the behavior of objects in the CTF? It would be good to see how Maxwell's equations result from
that. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
Adam<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Oct 8, 2017 at 5:37 AM, Chip Akins <<a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank">chipakins@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Adam<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Thank you.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I agree that gravity is a refraction.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Perhaps I have not written the paper in a manner which gets the ideas across well.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I have not started with anything more than a tension medium of space, Planck’s action, the force of electric charge, the mass energy equivalence, and experimental data, to derive the model of space discussed in the paper.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I did not start with GR, but GR is a result, I did not start with Schrodinger’s or Dirac’s equations, but they are results.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">My view and Chandra’s of space are quite similar, but that I feel that longitudinal displacement of space is much faster than light.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I also feel that Maxwell’s equations are a good mathematical expression for the momentum which is created by the mechanisms mentioned in the paper. But that Maxwell’s equations are not to be considered complete because they do not address
spin. But in addition to not being complete, I think Maxwell’s equations are just an expression of one of the artifacts (momentum) of the reaction of energy with space, and that the reactions are at a deeper level than these equations by themselves can disclose.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">So I do not think that a stiffness of space which is derived from Maxwell’s equations alone will be accurate either. Just as I do not think that a stiffness derived from the speed of light will be accurate. One concept that I wanted to
get across in the paper is that the speed of light and Maxwell’s equations are a study of certain observables, but that evidence seems to suggest that these observables arise from a set of circumstances which is not just a transverse wave in space. There
is more than that going on. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">If space is a tension medium and, if we accept that longitudinal displacement of space propagates much faster than light, it solves so many of the puzzles in a simple causal natural manner, that I feel we cannot ignore this possibility.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Chip<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">General
[mailto:<a href="mailto:general-bounces%2Bchipakins" target="_blank">general-bounces+chipakins</a>=<a href="mailto:gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">On
Behalf Of</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span>Adam K<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Sent:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, October 08, 2017 2:59 AM</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<strong>To:</strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br>
<strong>Subject:</strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Chip,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I think you would do well to follow Chandra's way of thinking here. There are a few reasons:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">1) It is much simpler. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">2) The vacuum fluctuations are not without their problems. They give rise to a prediction that is the worst in all of physics: <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant_problem" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant_problem</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I was talking to Carver Mead about this issue and he pointed out that the vacuum catastrophe has come about through explanation of the Lamb shift, which is a tiny discrepancy in the energy levels of hydrogen. In his opinion, we should be
humble and admit we have not figured out the Lamb shift yet, rather than accept the current explanation, which gives rise to a prediction of the cosmological constant at least 10e40 times, ie 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 times larger (and possibly
even another 10e60 times greater!!) than what is observed. Maybe John M has an opinion about this. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">3) In my humble opinion, you are on the right track to think about gravity as the refraction of a wave. This is how I think about it, and I believe this is clearly correct. (I could not tell if this is how you think about gravity, really,
because in the paper you sent out you use different terms to explain it). Whatever theory you are looking for needs derive the Einstein equation (as well as the Maxwell equations and Schrodinger equation), not start from there. General Relativity is so profound,
and wonderful, it is because of it that you and I and Chandra et al. are searching for a solution to the question in terms of an underlying ether, fabric, CTF, what have you. However, GR only describes the reaction of that fabric to mass and energy, it does
not explain how mass and energy emerge. These quantities are expressed by the stress energy tensor T_{\mu\nu} in the right hand side of the Einstein equation, and Einstein called this tensor an 'asylum ignorantiae'. It seems to me that you are looking to explain
the origin of energy and mass, which is what you should be doing, so your explorations should be one level deeper than GR.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Adam<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Fri, Oct 6, 2017 at 3:13 PM, Roychoudhuri, Chandra <<a href="mailto:chandra.roychoudhuri@uconn.edu" target="_blank">chandra.roychoudhuri@uconn.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Chip, Macken:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">I have a different approach to the stiffness of the space.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><em><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Just look at the Slide#12 in the attached document.</span></b></em><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">I conclude Ether as the Complex<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><b>Tension</b></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Field (CTF) based on the fact that this CTF allows the perpetual
velocity “c” for light<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><b>WAVES</b></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><i> </i></b></span>through it<em><b>,</b></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>same everywhere. Therefore, from Maxwell’s
equation “epsilon” and “mu” are the most important determinants of the space stiffness. These two constants have been measured repeatedly since the beginning of physics. I have presented this approach in my 2014 book (“Causal Physics”) and many of my earlier
papers. Fortunately, math is accessible to undergraduate students (Slide #12).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Chandra.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">PS: The attached document is a cut out version of my1-hr. seminar today to our graduate students. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">General
[mailto:<a href="mailto:general-bounces%2Bchandra.roychoudhuri" target="_blank">general-bounces+chandra.roychoudhuri</a>=<a href="mailto:uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">On
Behalf Of</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span>John Macken<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Sent:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, October 06, 2017 1:30 PM<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">To:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion' <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>>;
'Hodge John' <<a href="mailto:jchodge@frontier.com" target="_blank">jchodge@frontier.com</a>></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<strong>Subject:</strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Stiffness of space<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#20188C">Hi Chip,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="color:#20188C"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#20188C">I do have an answer for your question about the stiffness of space. I have been working on this for a long time and I believe that I have come up with some amazing results. Attached is my latest version of
a paper I have been writing on this subject. Here is the abstract from this paper.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="color:#20188C"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">Abstract:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif"> </span></b></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">Gravitational
waves<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">(GWs) have some characteristics of acoustic waves. For example, GWs<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">have
amplitude, frequency, intensity, propagation speed and encounter</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"> </span></span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">spacetime as having a</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">quantifiable
impedance. These<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">characteristics<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">permit</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"> </span></span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">GWs
to be analyzed to obtain the apparent “acoustic” properties of spacetime. The result is that GWs encounter spacetime as if it is<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">an extremely stiff
elastic medium</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"> </span></span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">with a large energy density. The energy density encountered by GWs scales with frequency squared and
equals Planck energy density (</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria Math",serif">∿</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">10<sup>113</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>J/m<sup>3</sup>) at Planck frequency.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">This
matches the vacuum energy density predicted by quantum<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">field theory at this frequency. This finding<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">makes
a new contribution to one of the major mysteries of physics known as the cosmological constant problem.An analysis of the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">GW</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">designated
GW150914 is also given as a numerical example. A model of vacuum energy is proposed</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">to be Planck length vacuum fluctuations at Planck frequency.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="color:#20188C"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#20188C">John M.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"><span style="color:#20188C"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">General
[<a href="mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">On
Behalf Of</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span>Chip Akins<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Sent:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, October 06, 2017 8:16 AM<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">To:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>'Hodge John' <<a href="mailto:jchodge@frontier.com" target="_blank">jchodge@frontier.com</a>>; 'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion'
<<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Subject:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Stiffness of space</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi John H<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Not like inertia.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Chandra and I both feel that space is comprised of a tension medium.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">But if that is the case then it seems that medium must be very “stiff”.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">So that it would take a large force to displace space a small amount.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">But the stiffness would be due to the tensor strength of the medium. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Space would then be “frictionless” for all practical purposes. But would oppose displacement with a force.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Chip<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">General
[<a href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">On
Behalf Of</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span>Hodge John<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Sent:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, October 06, 2017 9:57 AM<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">To:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Subject:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Stiffness of space</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">"Stiff" like inertia?</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Hodge</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">On Friday, October 6, 2017 7:22 AM, Chip Akins <<a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank">chipakins@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Hi John M</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Earlier, while reading your work, I noticed you discussed the stiffness of space.</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">I am looking for some insight into how to quantify just how “stiff” the medium of space is. Hoping to relate fundamental force to fundamental displacement.</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Do you have any thoughts on how to address this issue?</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Chip</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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