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<p>Richard:</p>
<p>I presented a paper at the last SPIE meeting (which I sorely
miss) that proposed the idea that the propagation of light was a
wave and its quantization was essentially a detector effect, which
in turn was projected back into the property of the wave by human
observers. This makes me wonder if you double helix model would
scale to higher intensity beams?</p>
<p>I'm also exploring the inverse question, whether the vortex light
effect seen in beams could be reduced to single photon cases. So
far I have not heard of any experiments to test this effect. <br>
</p>
<p>However if such an effect exists it would tell me that your model
is the top of an iceberg and a large number of propagation
geometries are potentially possible.<br>
</p>
<p>Wolf<br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Dr. Wolfgang Baer
Research Director
Nascent Systems Inc.
tel/fax 831-659-3120/0432
E-mail <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:wolf@NascentInc.com">wolf@NascentInc.com</a></pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 4/7/2018 3:48 PM,
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com">richgauthier@gmail.com</a> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:292106AE-52CD-4756-BA49-69E85D2A7917@gmail.com">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
Hello Chandra and all,
<div class=""><br class="">
<div class=""> Thanks for your comments and request. I doubt
that such a list that you are requesting exists, and I
certainly am unable to supply one. Any good model is a
creative product that attempts to both match what is known and
predict something new about the world that can be tested.
Someone could always come up with a possibly simpler
alternative model for light that does better. But no model
can force minds to change. “Someone convinced against their
will is of the same opinion still.” Still, scientific progress
happens.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> I think the nature of light and quanta is at a
deeper level than a mathematical model can fully express.
Subjective experience is somehow related to physical matter
and light in ways that are not scientifically understood
despite many efforts, both reductive and wholistic. The
superluminal double-helix photon model is certainly an
incomplete model for predicting all the known phenomena of
light, and needs further development. A complete and final
theory of light and matter is probably only in one’s dreams.
But the double-helix photon model may be of some use, even if
just to challenge conventional thinking about the nature of
light and particles (which is agreed by many physicists to be
unsatisfactory), and perhaps to stimulate further thinking and
further creative and practical ideas about light.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Most of the members of this group have so far
not commented on the double-helix photon model. I would be
particularly interested if anyone can suggest a perhaps better
photon model, and why. John W.?</div>
<div class=""> </div>
<div class=""> Richard<br class="">
<div><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Apr 6, 2018, at 10:15 AM, Roychoudhuri,
Chandra <<a
href="mailto:chandra.roychoudhuri@uconn.edu" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">chandra.roychoudhuri@uconn.edu</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;
font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space:
normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:
0px;">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;" class="">Hello
Richard:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;" class="">Please,
send me a list of references (attach some review
articles, if possible), where experimental
observations<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">FORCE</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>us to
model EM wave packets as “indivisible light
quanta” and “helical or doubly helical photon”,<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">without simpler alternative models</b>.<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;" class="">
I have no problem, philosophically, speaking, that
Maxwell’s Theory is not the ultimate theory of
Electromagnetism. That is obvious from the fact
that his theory did not give us quantized emission
of EM energy packets from materials; which Planck
did. Neither Newtonian Gravity, nor Einsteinian
Gravity theories can explain the velocity
distribution of stars against their radial
distances from their own galaxy. Thus, these two
theories are also limited, period.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;" class=""><o:p
class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;" class="">In
fact, that has been my position all along: Any and
all organized bodies of knowledge, so far put
together by humans, are necessarily incomplete, as
they have been constructed based upon our
in-sufficient knowledge of the universe. And, such
a status of limited knowledge will continue for
humans, perhaps, forever. I do not see any way out
of this conundrum. You and I are always
constructing incomplete theories while pushing the
boundary of our knowledge always a little more
advanced.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;" class=""><o:p
class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;" class="">We
are all blind people trying to collaboratively
visualize the invisible Cosmic Elephant!<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;" class=""><o:p
class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;" class="">Chandra.<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family:
Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"
class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="">
<div style="border-style: solid none none;
border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(225,
225, 225); padding: 3pt 0in 0in;" class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><b class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family:
Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;" class=""><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General
<<a
href="mailto:general-bounces+chandra.roychoudhuri=uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">general-bounces+chandra.roychoudhuri=uconn.edu@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">On Behalf Of<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b><a
href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">richgauthier@gmail.com</a><br
class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Thursday,
April 05, 2018 11:52 PM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature
of Light and Particles - General Discussion
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"><general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>oreste
Caroppo <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:orestecaroppo@yahoo.it"><orestecaroppo@yahoo.it></a>; Martin
Mark van der
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com"><martin.van.der.mark@philips.com></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re:
[General] superluminal double-helix photon
model<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Hi Chip, John, Martin, Chandra and all,<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""> Thanks Chip for your reply
and comments on your own photon modeling
approach. I am appending here a letter from
Oreste Caroppo about his superluminal
double-helix photon model (which is essentially
the same as mine, but discovered independently)
including some of its possible implications,
that Oreste contributed at the<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="http://academia.edu/" style="color:
purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">academia.edu</a><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>discussion
session at <a
href="https://www.academia.edu/s/0b8807556f/entangled-double-helix-superluminal-photon-model-defined-by-fine-structure-constant-has-inertial-mass-mec-2?source=link"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.academia.edu/s/0b8807556f/entangled-double-helix-superluminal-photon-model-defined-by-fine-structure-constant-has-inertial-mass-mec-2?source=link</a><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>. Oreste
has explored some of the possible implications
of the superluminal double-helix photon model
much more deeply than I have, and I recommend
anyone with a deep interest in understanding the
nature of the photon to go through, first, the
two English summaries of his work appended
below, and afterwards, some of his original
writings in Italian, which are made accessible
to non-Italian readers through, for example, <a
href="https://translate.google.com/#it/en/"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://translate.google.com/#it/en/</a>.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""> Richard<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><span
class="js-non-expanded-comment"><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia, serif; color: rgb(73, 72, 72);"
class="">NOW GOING BACK IS IMPOSSIBLE! When
someone really discovers or understands the
Helicoidal double model of the photon
(MODEC) along with the correlate Maxwell's
error, "the great original sin of Modern
Physics", everything changes for him, and he
sees the cosmos with a new and above all
much fuller logic, no toads to swallow
whole, no more dogmas to be accepted
uncritically, and from that moment back to
the past is impossible, you do not want it
right, you do not even remotely think of
getting b</span></span><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia, serif; color: rgb(73, 72, 72);"
class="">ack into the nebulous
misunderstanding, or semi-understanding of
reality, you understand that it would be
foolish to retreat at that point, humanly
impossible!</span></span><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia, serif; color: rgb(73, 72, 72);"
class="">Like those who have been traveling
through a dark forest for a long time, when
they have lost their way or do not know if
there is an end, instead they reach the
fullness of light at its edge on a hill, but
at the edge of a precipice; at that point
behind it has the shadows from which it came
out, in front of visible open spaces but
with still a cliff to overcome; but now you
can see, you breathe deeply, you know that
there is that cliff, you understand where
you can get there!</span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia, serif; color: rgb(73, 72, 72);"
class="">The new physics is open, the new
world discovered, the cliff certainly has a
comfortable road to descend, but must be
sought by all, ensembles, with the taste of
sharing the new satisfying revealing
discovery!</span></span><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia, serif; color: rgb(73, 72, 72);"
class="">Like Christopher Columbus, who
discovered that the Americas existed when no
living European knew it, but then many
Europeans helped to discover all their many
peculiar aspects, and not only the same
Colombus first discoverer. The real
question, rhetorical question for those who
first see the "light", becomes, “but how
could an independent photon be possible
without its structure described by the
Double helicoidal electron dipole model?”!
See to deepen these two links from my
website<a
href="http://fiatlux.altervista.org/"
target="_blank"
title="http://fiatlux.altervista.org/"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:
rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration:
none;" class="">http://fiatlux.altervista.org/</span></a><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>: -)
Letters about Maxwell’s Error and the Double
Helicoidal Model of the Photon<a
href="http://fiatlux.altervista.org/letters-about-maxwell-s-error-and-the-double-helicoidal-model-of-the-photon.html"
target="_blank"
title="http://fiatlux.altervista.org/letters-about-maxwell-s-error-and-the-double-helicoidal-model-of-the-photon.html"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:
rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration:
none;" class="">http://fiatlux.altervista.org/letters-about-maxwell-s-error-and-the-double-helicoidal-model-of-the-photon.html</span></a><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>-)
ABSTRACT: MAXWELL’S ERROR, THE GREAT
ORIGINAL SIN OF MODERN PHYSICS. With a new
Unification the model that explains PHOTON!<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="http://fiatlux.altervista.org/abstract-maxwell-s-error-the-great-original-sin-of-modern-physics-with-a-new-unification-the-model-explains-photon-.html"
target="_blank"
title="http://fiatlux.altervista.org/abstract-maxwell-s-error-the-great-original-sin-of-modern-physics-with-a-new-unification-the-model-explains-photon-.html"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:
rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration:
none;" class="">http://fiatlux.altervista.org/abstract-maxwell-s-error-the-great-original-sin-of-modern-physics-with-a-new-unification-the-model-explains-photon-.html</span></a></span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;
font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(73,
72, 72);" class=""><br class="">
<br class="">
</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;
font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(73,
72, 72);" class=""><br class="">
<br class="">
</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;" class=""><br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt;
margin-bottom: 5pt;" class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class="">On Apr
3, 2018, at 10:06 AM, Chip Akins <<a
href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">chipakins@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""><o:p
class=""> </o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Hi Richard<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">My photon model has some
similarities, and some differences.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">When we see the annihilation of
and electron and positron which
generates two photons, it provides some
clues.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">If we assume the underlying
properties which create the electron and
positron are the same properties which
create the photon then we have to
consider what that means in the
architecture of each of these particles.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">First, we do not measure the
electron, positron, or photon, to be two
particles, but just one particle for
each.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Next, if the Coulomb force
binds two particles which make up a
photon, then we are absent a solution to
the force which binds the electron,
because the force would be repulsive if
the electron were made of two particles
of like charge, like suggested for the
photon model.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">So I do not think the photon is
made of two particles, but rather of two
circulating oppositely charged fields
which emanate from the particle core (a
very small region at the center of the
photon or electron). And that the
momentum created by these fields is
created at the point on the fields which
is moving through space at sqrt(2)c.
The fields (and momentum) are bound to
the particle core by a pulling force
which is<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">hbar*c/r<sup class="">2</sup></b>,
but the force of the Coulomb field is<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">α*hbar*c/r<sup class="">2</sup></b>.
In my model the Coulomb force (field) is
the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">mean value</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>of
the strong force, and the field regions
themselves are “wedges” which are
0.092762137717132 the size of the spin
circumference at any distance from the
particle. This provides for the strong
force binding the particle and the
Coulomb force as the mean value of this
binding force. The force in the field of
one particle (electron) is
sqrt(α*hbar*c/r<sup class="">2</sup>)
but the force between two particles is
α*hbar*c/r<sup class="">2</sup>,<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">α*hbar*c/r<sup class="">2<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>=
e<sup class="">2</sup>/(4pi()ε<sub
class="">0</sub><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>r<sup
class="">2</sup>)</b><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><b class=""> </b><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><image007.jpg><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><b class=""> </b><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><b class=""> </b><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><image009.png><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Viewed from a point in the (z)
direction of travel of the helix.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><image010.jpg><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><image012.png><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Note: simplified graphic. The
electron has two components of spin
(only one component of spin shown in
this illustration).<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Note: In every case the
“particle core” is α times the momentum
radius.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">So my photon model is a
superluminal helix built of spinning and
forward propagating fields.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">This approach allows the same
properties to create photons and
electrons, shows the cause for the value
of the Coulomb field. Demonstrates the
binding force for particles (the strong
force), explains the quantization of
electric charge… and the list goes on.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Do you see a problem with such
an approach?<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Chip<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="border-style: solid none none;
border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-color:
rgb(225, 225, 225); padding: 3pt 0in
0in;" class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><b class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span
style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;" class=""> </span></span><span
style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class="">General [<a
href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">On Behalf Of<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b><a
href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">richgauthier@gmail.com</a><br
class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Tuesday,
April 03, 2018 11:05 AM<br
class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature
of Light and Particles - General
Discussion <<a
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Oreste
Caroppo <<a
href="mailto:orestecaroppo@yahoo.it"
style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">orestecaroppo@yahoo.it</a>>;
martin Mark van der <<a
href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com"
style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re:
[General] superluminal
double-helix photon model</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Hi Chip,<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> Does your photon model
have any quantitative differences
from my photon model (I know you
suggest some underlying causes)? If
so, could you summarize what they
are?<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> Oreste did a simple
calculation like what you are asking
about the strength of the photon
dipole’s electric field. He
calculated the electric field value
just between the two dipole charges
in the double-helix photon model and
says he found it to be close to what
would be expected for a photon. He
can give you the reference to his
website page for this.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> The Coulomb force can
be as strong as the strong nuclear
force. It is the balance between
Coulomb repulsive forces between
protons in an atomic nucleus and the
attractive strong nuclear forces
among the protons and neutrons in
the nucleus that keeps an atomic
nucleus at its particular size. So
the double-helix photon charged
dipole generates both electric and
magnetic fields as the dipole
rotates and moves forward. <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> Richard<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;" class=""><br
class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt;
margin-bottom: 5pt;" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;" class="">On
Apr 3, 2018, at 5:57 AM, Chip
Akins <<a
href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com"
style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color: purple;"
class="">chipakins@gmail.com</span></a>>
wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;" class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Hi Richard<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Thank you. I see
my mistake. I get 16.55512
now.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">However I find it
very unlikely that these
charges actually possess
this force<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b
class="">as a coulomb
force</b>.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">It seems the
electric fields of the
photon would be much greater
than we actually measure if
this were a Coulomb force.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Have you calculated
the field intensity to
compare it with what we
observe for the photon in
nature?<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">I suspect there is
enough information to do
that calculation.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Chip<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="border-style: solid
none none; border-top-width:
1pt; border-top-color:
rgb(225, 225, 225); padding:
3pt 0in 0in;" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in
0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""><b class=""><span
style="font-size:
11pt; font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;"
class="">From:</span></b><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;"
class=""> </span></span><span
style="font-size:
11pt; font-family:
Calibri, sans-serif;"
class="">General [<a
href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color: purple;" class="">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>]<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b><a
href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" style="color: purple;
text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color: purple;" class="">richgauthier@gmail.com</span></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Tuesday, April 03, 2018 12:01 AM<br
class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles -
General Discussion
<<a
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color: purple;" class="">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>oreste Caroppo <<a
href="mailto:orestecaroppo@yahoo.it"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color: purple;" class="">orestecaroppo@yahoo.it</span></a>>;
martin Mark van der
<<a
href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color: purple;" class="">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</span></a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] superluminal
double-helix photon
model</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Hi Chip,<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;"
class=""> I see your
mistake. The force on EACH
of the 2 circulating
charges (each with
momentum components 1/2
p= 1/2 E/c both
longitudinally and
transversely) is 1/2 pc/r
as you said. But you
shouldn’t add these two
forces together to get a
total force pc/r , which
is not a meaningful force
here, since it is the
centripetal force 1/2 pc/r
on EACH CHARGE that is
important and this force
is produced by the Coulomb
attraction of the other
charge. This centripetal
force on each charge due
to its circular rotation
is 1/2 pc/r as you said.
And this force Fcent= 1/2
pc/r is equal to the
attractive Coulomb force
Fcoul = k Q^2/d^2 between
the two charges Q and -Q,
across the distance d=2r
where r=lambda/2pi and
lambda = h/p . When
this centripetal force on
each charge Fcent = 1/2
pc/r is set equal to
Fcoul = k Q^2/d^2 = kQ^2
(2r)^2 and you solve this
equation Fcent = Fcoul for
Q (and using the relation
alpha = k e^2/hbar c ) you
get Q = e sqrt(2/alpha) =
16.6 e as I found . That’s
what I am doing in my
equation 14 in my article.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> Richard<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;"
class=""><br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:
5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;"
class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in
0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">On Apr 2,
2018, at 7:54 PM, Chip
Akins <<a
href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color: purple;" class="">chipakins@gmail.com</span></a>>
wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0in
0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Hi Richard<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
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font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">I saw your
math, but thought
there might be a
problem.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Here is my
reasoning…<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">As I
understand it, the
two charged entities
circulate at the
radius and each have
the ½ momentum of
the photon. The
velocity of
circulation is c,
and the forward
velocity of the
photon is c. The
forward momentum of
the photon is E/c,
so the circulating
momentum is also
E/c. In order to
confine these
entities with this
momentum to the
radius specified,
the force required
is pc/r (1/2 pc/r
for each). <span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">It seems
the value of charge
which accomplishes
this is 11.706 e<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Let’s use
the example of a
photon with the
energy of the
electron.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">E =
8.18710478684506E-14 <span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">P =
2.730924200516430E-22<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">F=Pc/r =
2.120136589240270E-01<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">The charge
Q required to exert
this force at this
distance is…<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Q = 2 r
sqrt(pi ε0 F) =
1.875546022656450E-18<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Q/e =
11.706<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Maybe some
error in my math,
but I have run these
calculations many
times in the last
several years, in
many different
ways. Always come
up with the same
answer.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Do you see
some error in my
math?<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Chip<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""><span
style="font-size:
11pt; font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;"
class=""> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="border-style:
solid none none;
border-top-width: 1pt;
border-top-color:
rgb(225, 225, 225);
padding: 3pt 0in 0in;"
class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman",
serif;" class=""><b
class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;"
class=""> </span></span><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">General
[<a
href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>]<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b><a
href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" style="color: purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">richgauthier@gmail.com</span></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, April 02, 2018 3:02 PM<br
class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles -
General
Discussion
<<a
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>oreste Caroppo <<a
href="mailto:orestecaroppo@yahoo.it"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">orestecaroppo@yahoo.it</span></a>>;
martin Mark
van der <<a
href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" style="color: purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</span></a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] superluminal
double-helix
photon model</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Hi Chip,<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman",
serif;" class="">
Thanks for your
comment.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman",
serif;" class="">
The value of
the superluminal
double-helix
photon model’s
electric charge
magnitude of Q =
e sqrt(2/alpha)
= 16.6 e is
derived clearly
in equation set
14 in my article
“ <a
href="http://www.academia.edu/attachments/55785886/download_file?s=portfolio"
target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); text-decoration:
none;"
class="">Entangled
Double-Helix
Superluminal
Photon Model
Defined by
Fine Structure
Constant Has
Inertial Mass
M=E/c^2</span></a>",
which is also
available at <a
href="https://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research#conferencepresentations"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">https://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research#conferencepresentations</span></a><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(next to last article from
bottom). I have
checked this
calculation many
times, and
Oreste arrived
at the same
value
independently.
Why do you think
it should be Q =
e sqrt(1/alpha)
= 11.706 e?
Perhaps your
photon model
gives a
different value
that my photon
model?<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman",
serif;" class="">
all the
best,<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt;
font-family:
"Times New
Roman",
serif;" class="">
Richard<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><br
class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<blockquote
style="margin-top:
5pt; margin-bottom:
5pt;" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class="">On
Apr 2, 2018,
at 11:34 AM,
Chip Akins
<<a
href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">chipakins@gmail.com</span></a>>
wrote:<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class="">Hi
Richard<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class="">The
opposite
electric
charges are
calculated to
be Q= + and -
e
sqrt(2/alpha)
= 16.6 e and
-16.6 e ,
where alpha is
the Fine
Structure
Constant of
quantum
electrodynamics
(QED).<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class="">Is
actually…<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class="">The
opposite
electric
charges are
calculated to
be Q= + and -
e
sqrt(1/alpha)
= 11.706 e and
-11.706 e ,
where alpha is
the Fine
Structure
Constant of
quantum
electrodynamics
(QED). <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class="">Please
double check.<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class="">Chip<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div
style="border-style:
solid none
none;
border-top-width:
1pt;
border-top-color:
rgb(225, 225,
225); padding:
3pt 0in 0in;"
class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><b
class=""><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family:
Calibri,
sans-serif;"
class=""> </span></span><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">General
[<a
href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>]<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b><a
href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" style="color: purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">richgauthier@gmail.com</span></a><br
class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, April 02, 2018 12:23 PM<br
class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles -
General
Discussion
<<a
href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</span></a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>oreste Caroppo <<a
href="mailto:orestecaroppo@yahoo.it"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">orestecaroppo@yahoo.it</span></a>>;
martin Mark
van der <<a
href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" style="color: purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
purple;"
class="">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</span></a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>[General] superluminal
double-helix
photon model</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
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font-size:
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"Times
New
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class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
class="js-non-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;
font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">Hi
John, Martin,
Chandra, Chip,
Andrew,
Andre’, Oreste
and all, </span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(73,
72, 72);"
class=""><br
class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
class="js-non-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;
font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">In
preparing for
a physics
poster session
on the
superluminal
double-helix
photon model,
I made a
summary of its
main
properties,
which are
listed below.
Your comments
and questions
are welcome,
and you can
also see the
full article
and/or join
the discussion
session at</span></span><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;
font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class=""> </span></span><span
class="js-non-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;
font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class=""><a
href="https://www.academia.edu/s/0b8807556f/entangled-double-helix-superluminal-photon-model-defined-by-fine-structure-constant-has-inertial-mass-mec-2?source=link"
target="_blank"
title="https://www.academia.edu/s/0b8807556f/entangled-double-helix-superluminal-photon-model-defined-by-fine-structure-constant-has-inertial-mass-mec-2?source=link"
style="color:
purple;
text-decoration:
underline;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:
rgb(66, 139,
202);
text-decoration:
none;"
class="">https://www.academia.edu/s/0b8807556f/entangled-double-helix-superluminal-photon-model-defined-by-fine-structure-constant-has-inertial-mass-mec-2?source=link</span></a>.</span></span><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;
font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class=""> </span></span><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">•
The photon
model is
composed of
two
oppositely-charged
superluminal
quantum
particles
moving in a
double-helical
trajectory
with a forward
angle of 45
degrees and
helical
rotational</span></span><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;
font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class=""> </span></span><span
class="apple-tab-span"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class=""> </span></span><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;
font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class=""> </span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
class="apple-tab-span"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class=""> </span></span><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;
font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class=""> </span></span><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">frequency
v given by
E=hv. • The
opposite
electric
charges are
calculated to
be Q= + and -
e
sqrt(2/alpha)
= 16.6 e and
-16.6 e ,
where alpha is
the Fine
Structure
Constant of
quantum
electrodynamics
(QED). • The
speed of each
superluminal
quantum
particle is c
sqrt(2) =
1.414 c . •
The two
helical
trajectories
have helical
radius R=
Lambda/2pi
where Lambda
is the
photon’s
wavelength. •
The momentum
of the
composite
photon model
is p=h/Lambda
. • The
longitudinal
speed of the
composite
photon model
is c. • The
spin of the
composite
photon model
is 1 hbar or
-1 hbar. • The
inertial mass
M of the
composite
photon model
is calculated
to be M=E/c^2
= hv/c^2 . •
The invariant
mass m (given
by E^2 = p^2
c^2 +m^2 c^4)
of the
composite
photon model
is zero. • The
superluminal
particles of
the composite
photon model
are bound
together by a
negative
electrical
potential
energy U= -E =
-hv due to
their Coulomb
attractive
force. • The
two
superluminal
particles
composing the
photon model
are
quantum-mechanically
entangled. •
The composite
photon model
seems to be
consistent
with Maxwell’s
equations as
supplemented
by quantum
mechanics.</span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">•
The model
suggests a
simple
explanation
for
electron-positron
pair creation
from a single
photon near an
atomic
nucleus.</span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">•
Quantum waves
continuously
generated by
the rotating
charged dipole
could pass
through a
double-slit
apparatus as
waves before
the photon
model is
detected as a
particle at a
screen on</span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">the
other side.</span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(73,
72, 72);"
class=""><br
class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">The
model was
independently
discovered by
Oreste Caroppo
in Italy.</span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">It
would be
interesting to
compare and
contrast this
photon model
with John’s,
Chip’s,
Andre's and
any others’
photon models
here.</span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(73,
72, 72);"
class=""><br
class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
</span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
style="margin:
0in 0in
0.0001pt;
font-size:
12pt;
font-family:
"Times
New
Roman",
serif;"
class=""><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">all
the best,</span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div
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class=""><span
class="js-expanded-comment"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class="">Richard</span></span><span
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font-family:
Georgia,
serif; color:
rgb(73, 72,
72);" class=""> </span></span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
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<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
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</span><o:p
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