<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><div class=""></div>
<!--EndFragment--><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jul 20, 2018, at 10:25 AM, Wolfgang Baer <<a href="mailto:wolf@nascentinc.com" class="">wolf@nascentinc.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class="">
<div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class=""><p class="">Richard:</p><p class="">I like both your comments - however I am having a continued
discussion with Albrecht regarding my own belief that we must
understand the role of conscious living human beings who develop
the theory as being more fundamental than the theory such beings
develop</p><p class="">1) Along those lines I believe there is a basic underlying
material-space which generates our experience of space and the
constant "c" should be attached to the rate at which the observer
moves through his own state transitions rather than attributed to
properties of an independent external space.</p><p class="">2) the direction of reduction-ism leads us to the quantum limit
beyond which all concepts become mental inferences - continuing to
push to deeper and deeper reductionist directions without
recognizing the mental aspect of inference chains which as sir A.
Edinggton pointed out lead to knowledge of ones own methodology of
inquiry - eventually the chain of inferences gets so long there is
nothing left out there but knowledge of ones self <br class="">
</p><p class="">Best</p><p class="">Wolf<br class="">
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Dr. Wolfgang Baer
Research Director
Nascent Systems Inc.
tel/fax 831-659-3120/0432
E-mail <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:wolf@NascentInc.com">wolf@NascentInc.com</a></pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 7/12/2018 1:43 PM, Albrecht Giese
wrote:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:813905d2-5aba-1d1b-b178-066a1392c880@a-giese.de" class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class=""><p class="">Hello Richard,</p><p class="">I understand - and I agree with you - that it is not very
practical to work on all open questions in physics at the same
time; and to discuss everything in this forum in parallel. But I
believe that there are some good rules to be followed in
developing theories and models.</p><p class="">You are working on your particle model since 30 years. This is
very impressive and I see that you have had a lot of discussions
to ensure your model. But regarding the rules about which you
also have asked questions in the last time, there are still some
points to discuss and to question.</p><p class="">One point is the general limitation to the speed of light. That
is a general and universal rule if we follow Einstein. But even
independent of Einstein, if we follow a more broad understanding
of relativity, we have dilation as an experimentally well proven
fact. And dilation could not function as it does if there would
be periodic processes in particles which are superluminal. </p><p class="">The other rule - more like a compass - is the direction given
by reductionism; which means that every observed process in
physics can be seen in a way that it is deduced from a lower
level with a simpler functionality and having less complex
constituents.</p><p class="">This was my motivation for my last comment to your model.<br class="">
</p><p class="">Albrecht<br class="">
</p>
<br class="">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 07.07.2018 um 00:43 schrieb <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" moz-do-not-send="true">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:2189E985-BE93-4270-8C7A-ACD94769C616@gmail.com" class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=utf-8" class="">
Hello Albrecht,
<div class=""> There are so many open questions in physics to
be solved, involving the relationship of mind to matter,
materialism versus idealism, dark matter, dark energy, the
origin of the universe, etc. I’m not very interested in using
this discussion group “Nature of light and particles” for such
open-ended discussions, and I prefer that it remain focused on
the nature of light and particles. My goal is to increase my
understanding of this topic and hopefully to correct and
improve my ideas and hypotheses in this area. When creative
people who have new ideas on this topic or good questions
share, discuss, criticize and improve these ideas and find
ways to test or apply them, this is what I consider progress.
When unproductive or mistaken ideas are weeded out, that is
also progress. My own ideas on this topic have definitely
evolved over the last 30 years since I started writing about
them. See my book "Microvita: Cosmic Seeds of Life” published
in 1988 at <a href="https://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research</a> (number
33), “Microvita: A new approach to matter, life and health”,
“FTL Quantum models of the photon and the electron”, “A
transluminal energy quantum model of the cosmic quantum”, etc.
I have really enjoyed and benefited from discussions in this
group.</div>
<div class=""> Richard<br class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Jul 5, 2018, at 7:26 AM, Albrecht Giese
<<a href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">phys@a-giese.de</a>> wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=utf-8" class="">
<div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class=""><p class="">Hello Richard,</p><p class="">thank you for your answer. <br class="">
</p><p class="">Perhaps it would be better not to discuss
competing models but to refer to fundamental
physical laws and to discuss open questions which
should be solved.</p><p class="">One of the constraints which I have used
is the relativistic dilation. If we do not follow
Einstein's mystification of space and time but look
for a physical cause, it is a known and accepted (by
many) fact that the assumption of a permanent motion
at c on the lowest level of matter explains
dilation. This way, however, excludes superluminal
speed on the lowest level of matter.</p><p class="">Then the basic rule of reductionism is to
deduce known and observed physical phenomena from a
lower level, which is built by more basic and simple
elements. This excludes in my understanding a photon
as a basic constituent of an elementary particle,
because the photon has (at least) the same
complexity as for instance an electron. Both have a
spin which points to an internal structure. If we
see that an electron has an internal structure and
also the photon has an internal structure, we should
find more basic elements which are candidates to
contribute to the structure of both, the photon and
the electron.<br class="">
</p><p class="">Another important task is in my view to
find a physical explanation for those physical
quantities and notions, which by the confession of
quantum mechanics are "non-understandable by the
human brain". That means as example: How is the spin
physically caused, how is the magnetic moment
physically caused, how is inertia (i.e. momentum and
mass) physically caused. <br class="">
</p><p class="">It is in my view a good and important goal
to find the physical causes for these phenomena.
That means for instance to create a model which is
able to explain these phenomena quantitatively
without use of physical statements which are nothing
better than postulates. <br class="">
</p><p class="">Could you agree that this is a good goal?</p><p class="">Albrecht<br class="">
</p>
<br class="">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 05.07.2018 um 00:26
schrieb <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" moz-do-not-send="true">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:0DA53C89-AE65-4624-8A21-FB2A18DD91F7@gmail.com" class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=utf-8" class="">
Hello Albrecht,
<div class=""> Thank you for your continuing
efforts to convince us about your electron model.
Persistence is a good thing, up to a point. You
never know when your model might be proved
correct. The superluminal double-helix photon
model and its associated superluminal single-helix
electron model are definitely not as simple as
your electron model consisting of two
mutually-circulating massless particles. But
Einstein once said that a theory should be as
simple as possible, but not simpler. I don’t
believe you’ve ever shown how your electron model
(and an associated positron model) could arise
from a single photon in electron-positron pair
production. And as far as I recall, you don’t have
a photon model consistent with your electron
model. So I’m far from convinced that your
approach is the correct one.</div>
<div class=""> Richard<br class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Jul 3, 2018, at 3:12 AM,
Albrecht Giese <<a href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">phys@a-giese.de</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class="">
<div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class=""><p class="">Hello Richard,</p><p class="">I also want to give a short
comment to your description, even though
you already know most of my position
about it.</p><p class="">Your electron model has
superluminal sub-parts in it. This is a
big challenge to all what we believe in
physics. You have asked whether Einstein
made statements about speed limitations
of any motion inside a particle. This
latter point can to my knowledge easily
be answered. Einstein's opinion was that
the limitation to c is a property of
space-time as he understood it. So,
Einstein would to my knowledge not
accept any superluminal speed inside an
electron.</p><p class="">But why so special? I have
shown here an electron model (which also
functions as a general particle model)
which does not need superluminal speed.
On the contrary, in this model the
internal speed is constantly c; which
explains the relativistic dilation in a
physical way (i.e. no need to assume
specifics about space, time, or
space-time). This model also explains
the magnetic moment very precisely in a
classical way, also the constancy of
spin for all particles. And it explains
inertia in a classical way, also with
very precise results, additionally
covering the relativistic behaviour of
mass and mass-energy. <br class="">
</p><p class="">So, my question:why so
complicated? The simple model has all
what we need.</p><p class="">Best<br class="">
Albrecht<br class="">
</p>
<br class="">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 01.07.2018
um 01:05 schrieb <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" moz-do-not-send="true">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:EFD456A3-1DF6-4C5D-8ACA-FB02A67F04FA@gmail.com" class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class="">
Hello David, John and all,
<div class=""><br class="">
<div class=""> I’ve uploaded the
internally superluminal electron
model’s equations to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/36949016/Is_the_electron_a_superluminal_half-photon_with_toroidal_topology" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.academia.edu/36949016/Is_the_electron_a_superluminal_half-photon_with_toroidal_topology</a> for
your future reference. I think the
title is kind of “catchy”, while
acknowledging two pioneers in the
field. The double-helix photon model
is at <a href="https://www.academia.edu/36771264/Entangled_Double-Helix_Superluminal_Photon_Model_Defined_by_Fine_Structure_Constant_Has_Inertial_Mass_M_E_c_2" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.academia.edu/36771264/Entangled_Double-Helix_Superluminal_Photon_Model_Defined_by_Fine_Structure_Constant_Has_Inertial_Mass_M_E_c_2</a> .
I think of the double-helix photon
model and the electron model as a
kind of package of models which I
hope will be self-consistent,
presumably like John’s models of the
electron and the photon in his new
paper.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Dirac insisted in his
Nobel Prize lecture that electrons
really travel at c (the eigenvalues
for electron velocity come out +c
and -c from the Dirac equation) but
apparently travel at less than c due
to their small amplitude and high
frequency of internal vibration (at
the zitterbewegung frequency
f=2mc^2/h). But I wonder if anyone
really believed him. Though the
double-helix photon model is
internally superluminal, it travels
longitudinally at c, and its
calculated inertial mass E/c^2 also
travels forward at c. No problems
with faster-than-light here. The
photon model's invariant mass is
zero, like the actual photon’s
invariant mass.) The electron model,
though internally superluminal,
travels forward (longitudinally)
always with an average velocity less
than c.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> So the
superluminality of an energy quantum
composing a particle may not be such
a problem as some make it out to be.
I don’t know that Einstein ever put
any “restrictions” on theoretical
internal velocities within a moving
particle, whether a photon or a
particle with mass. The
unwillingness of Lorentz and other
physicists to explain an electron’s
spin and magnetic moment by internal
faster-than-light motion because of
Einstein’s restriction, caused
leading physicists to finally say
that an electron is point like and
its spin is “intrinsic”, ie
unexplainable.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Jun 29, 2018,
at 5:35 AM, <a href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=utf-8" class="">
<div style="word-wrap:
break-word;
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space;
line-break:
after-white-space;" class="">
<div style="font-size:
14px;" class="">Hello all,</div>
<div style="font-size:
14px;" class=""> Here
are the equations for the
superluminal half-photon
electron model. I am using
the program Graphing
Calculator at <a href="https://www.pacifict.com/" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.pacifict.com</a> to
graph them.</div>
<div style="font-size:
14px;" class="">Clearly
the equations themselves
are not copyrighted.
Oreste, what do you think?</div>
<div style="font-size:
14px;" class="">
Richard</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<span id="cid:14877496-F667-44F0-9FF5-59F39CBCF99D@attlocal.net" class=""><PastedGraphic-3.tiff></span><br class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Jun 27,
2018, at 11:08 PM,
John Williamson <<a href="mailto:John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">John.Williamson@glasgow.ac.uk</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div style="font-style:
normal;
font-variant-caps:
normal; font-weight:
normal;
letter-spacing:
normal; text-align:
start; text-indent:
0px; text-transform:
none; white-space:
normal;
word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width:
0px; direction: ltr;
font-family: Tahoma;
font-size: 10pt;" class="">
<div style="direction:
ltr; font-family:
Tahoma; font-size:
10pt;" class="">Here
you go David, a
few answers ...<br class="">
<hr tabindex="-1" class="">
<div id="divRpF752793" style="direction: ltr;" class=""><font class="" size="2" face="Tahoma"><b class="">From:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">general-bounces+john.williamson=glasgow.ac.uk@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]
on behalf of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:davidmathes8@yahoo.com" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">davidmathes8@yahoo.com</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[<a href="mailto:davidmathes8@yahoo.com" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">davidmathes8@yahoo.com</a>]<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Thursday, June 28, 2018 3:19 AM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles -
General
Discussion<br class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Oreste Caroppo; martin Mark van
der<br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Superluminal
electron model<br class="">
</font><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Richard,</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">A
few questions...</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">0.
How many
electron models
are there now?
Is there a
diagram or
mapping showing
how all the
zitterbewegung
models are
related?</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Mu:
Lots!<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">1.
Within your
model, does the
new electron
embody the
Majorna
characteristic
that the
particle is it's
own
antiparticle, in
particular, does
it explain how
both matter and
antimatter are
within it? <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">No -
the electron is
not, and has
never been, its
own
antiparticle.
That is the
positron.<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">2.
Can the new
electron be
described using
the mathematical
formalism of
Dirac, Majorna
and Weyl?</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">No,
Dirac is
strictly (and
famously)
lightspeed.
Hence the
"zitterbewegung"
at all.<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">3.
What is the
mechanism for
creating a local
FTL environment
to permit FTL
photons or
quanta?</div>
<div class=""><span class="">
<div class="">Superluminal
wave
velocities
within the
electron
"shell" are
possible using
the definition
of </div>
<div class="">c
=
SQRT(permittivity
*
permittivity)
by simply
decreasing
either
permittivity
or
permeability...or
both.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">NRI
papers have
been
fashionable,
but I do not
think Richard
uses them<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</span></div>
<div class="">4.
How does this
new electron
model - or any
other electron
model for that
matter - sustain
a shell barrier?</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Why
would it need
to? If one
proposes a shell
that is simply
another thing
one has to
explain.
Electrons are
necessarily
"boxless" or how
would they
inter-act?<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> </div>
<div class="">5.
Are the
superluminal
versions of
other electron
models? That is,
how widespread
is this
conjecture?</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Yes
- Superluminal
charge though,
is, I think this
is the major
weakness of
Richards model,
as it messes up
mass in
relativity. Not
good!<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">6.
Does the new
electron model
explain charge?
That is, is
charge
considered
invariant within
the "shell"?</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Charge
invariance is
inconsistent
with FTL - as
outlined above.<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">7. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<span class="">
<div class="">IMHO,
this new
electron model
looks like a
Majorna
particle. In
fact, there
seems to be a
mapping
between Dirac,
Majorna and
Weyl (DMW)
particles to
the ring
toroid, horn
toroid and the
spindle
toroid. One
could take
this one step
further which
would link the
math of DMW to
the geometry
of circulating
photons or
quanta with
variations
including
subliminal
models and
superluminal
models. And
there are
various
electron
models,
notably
Williamson/van
der Mark, that
address
charge.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">8.
Does this
model address
stochastic
electrodynamics
where <span style="color:
rgb(34, 34,
34);
font-family:
sans-serif;
font-size:
14px;" class="">Zitterbewegung
is explained
as an
interaction of
a classical
particle? Does
this model fit
within </span><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/collective-electrodynamics" rel="nofollow" class="enhancr_card_0221840877" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">Collective
Electrodynamics</a> (Carver Meade)</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">No
.. Carver
Meade uses
lightspeed.
Also he starts
from Plank's
constant as a
given, an uses
this as the
starting basis
(excellent!)
for much of
the rest of
his thesis.<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</span><span class="">
<div class="">9.
Does the new
electron model
- a zbw model
- have
sufficient
linkage to the
confirmed
conjectures of
Dirac, Majorna
and Weyl
fermions?</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Regards,
John.<br class="">
</div>
<br class="">
</span></div>
<div style="direction:
ltr; font-family:
Tahoma; font-size:
10pt;" class=""><span class=""></span><span class=""></span>
<div style="font-family:
"Times New
Roman";
font-size:
16px;" class="">
<div class="">
<div style="font-family:
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:
16px;" class="">
<div style="font-family:
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:
16px;" class="">
<div class=""><span class="">
<div class="">While
I like the
geometric
approach based
on
experimental
evidence,
linking the
matrix math of
Dirac, Majorna
and Weyl
particles to
zitterbewegung
models is
essential to
wider
acceptance. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Notes:</div>
<div class="">Most
of the time,
we use Dirac
electrons
which up until
2015 were the
only confirmed
prediction.
The Weyl
fermion was
predicted in
1929 and
confirmed in
2015. The
Majorna
fermion was
predicted 1937
and confirmed
in 2017.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Notably,
zitterbewegung
was predicted
by
Schroedinger
in 1930 and
confirmed
using BEC in
2013.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</span></div>
<div class="">ref:</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1006.1718" rel="nofollow" class="enhancr_card_0779676588" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">[1006.1718] Dirac, Majorana and
Weyl fermions</a><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/525293e" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">Condensed-matter
physics: Weyl
particles
discovered
(2015)</a><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><a href="https://news.stanford.edu/2017/07/20/evidence-particle-antiparticle/" rel="nofollow" class="enhancr_card_1025704008" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">Evidence
for a particle
that is its
own
antiparticle
(2017)|
Stanford News</a> <br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/this-new-proof-of-majorana-fermions-is-going-to-be-massive-for-quantum-devices" rel="nofollow" class="enhancr_card_0888238275" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">This
New Proof of
Majorana
Fermions Is
Going to Be
Massive For
Quantum
Devices</a><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
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<div id="ydp70006240yahoo_quoted_0448083737" class="ydp70006240yahoo_quoted">
<div style="font-family:
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<div class="">On
Wednesday,
June 27, 2018,
5:50:16 PM
PDT,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">richgauthier@gmail.com</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><<a href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
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<div class="">
<div id="ydp70006240yiv1559197444" class="">
<div class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444">Hello
all,</div>
<div class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444">
I thought
some of you
might like to
see a new
electron
model,
composed of a
superluminal
spin-1/2
charged
half-photon. </div>
<div class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444">In
the stationary
electron model
the
superluminal
energy quantum
moves along
the surface of
a horn torus,
with an
internal
frequency
equal to the
zitterbewegung
frequency
f=2mc^2/h. The
relativistic
electron model
contracts with
increasing
gamma. The
electron
model’s closed
helix's radius
is R=hbar/2mc
as in several
electron
models.</div>
<div class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444"> I’ve
started
writing a
short paper
about the (new
electron)
model. The
working title:
“Is the
electron a
superluminal
half-photon
with toroidal
topology?” The
electron model
is formed from
one wavelength
of the helical
trajectory of
one of the two
half-photons
composing a
double-helix
photon
energetically
capable of
producing an
electron-positron
pair in e-p
pair
production,
i.e. with
photon energy
E=2mc^2 and
photon
frequency
equal to the
electron’s
zitterbewegung
frequency
f=2mc^2/h. The
helical radius
of this
half-photon is
R =
Lcompton/4pi =
hbar/2mc. The
circulating
superrluminal
particle is
actually a
point-like
particle. The
resting
electron
model's energy
Eo will be
one-half of
the
originating
photon’s
minimum energy
of 2mc^2, and
therefore
Eo=mc^2.</div>
<div class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444">
Comments or
questions?</div>
<div class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444">
Richard </div>
<div class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444"><br class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444">
</div>
<div class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444"><br class="ydp70006240yiv1559197444">
</div>
</div>
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