<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Hi Chip,<div class=""><br class=""><div class=""> No, the circulating linear momentum of the quantum vortex electron (which is not the electron’s external momentum which can be zero) is the same as the linear momentum in a straight-moving half-photon in the case of a double-helix photon of total energy E=2mc^2 (enough for e-p pair production) . The total momentum 2mc of this double-helix photon gives linear momentum mc to each half-photon. The momentum mc is also the value of the circulating momentum in the quantum vortex resting electron. A negligible amount of the half-photon’s energy is lost (though most of its linear momentum can be transferred to the atomic nucleus) when the half-photon curls up to form the quantum vortex electron during pair production from an E=2mc^2 photon. It’s an interesting physical fact: the photon gives up most of its linear momentum to the atomic nucleus, but gives up a negligible amount of its energy (roughly 0.1 % or so) to the atomic nucleus—most of the energy ends up in the electron and positron pair produced with almost 0 linear momentum if the energy of the photon is very near 2mc^2. Quantitatively, this is due to the fact that the simplest atomic nucleus, a proton, has a mass 1836 times the mass of an electron and takes away a much small fraction of the photon’s energy than it takes away of the photon’s momentum. For other atomic nuclei, the mass ratio of nucleus to electron is bigger and the percent of energy lost to the nucleus in pair-production is even smaller that with a single proton nucleus.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""> The spin of the nearby nucleus is not changed in e-p pair production: the spin 1 photon produces a spin-1/2 electron and a spin-1/2 positron, and the nuclear spin doesn’t change.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""> You can get e-p pair production from a photon having almost exactly energy E=2mc^2 if this photon (of momentum 2mc to the right, for example) is approached by an atomic nucleus of momentum 2mc to the left, so that the total momentum of the photon and oppositely moving nucleus (in this “center of momentum” system) is zero. After pair production, the photon is gone, the atomic nucleus is at rest and the created electron-positron pair are also both at rest, so the total momentum of the system is also zero after pair production, while the electron and positron share the photon's previous incoming energy 2mc^2 by being 2 resting particles (each with circulating internal energy E=mc^2 and circulating linear momentum mc in the quantum vortex electron). Even in this case the atomic nucleus, which comes to a stop, gives up its kinetic energy (which is very little (roughly 1/1000) compared to the energy of the 2mc^2 photon even though the momenta of the 2mc^2 photon and nucleus had equal magnitudes) to the electron-positron pair which would then, in addition to their rest energy of mc^2 each, share the incoming atomic nucleus’ previous kinetic energy and therefore have some speed in opposite directions. I think you get the idea. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""> Richard<br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jul 23, 2018, at 3:33 PM, Chip Akins <<a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" class="">chipakins@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class="">Hi Richard<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class="">Given the description below, would you then expect that the electron would possess less (internal) total momentum than the total momentum of the half photon prior to the reaction? (Since the half photon gave up part of its forward momentum to the nucleus in the process.)<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class="">Do you suspect that the half photon also lost the same amount momentum of spin to the nucleus? (Increasing its radius and maintaining spin 1 angular momentum.)<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class="">And, do you know the absolute minimum energy level that this photon (E> 2 mc<sup class="">2</sup>) must have in order to convert to an electron positron pair? If there is conservation of momentum in the process, would you think that the photon must always have at least 2*sqrt(2) more than the energy of the electron at rest, and that the nucleus would<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u class="">always</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>recoil based on the forward momentum (E/c) of the incoming photon and the angle of incidence?<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class="">Chip<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Richard Gauthier<br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, July 23, 2018 3:34 PM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Superluminal electron model<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Hi Chip<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> You also wrote" What is it that overcomes the momentum to confine the model in 3 dimensions?"<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> Electron-positron pair production usually happens in the close vicinity of an atomic nucleus, which absorbs momentum and recoils during the e-p production process. The recoiling atomic nucleus has absorbed the excess momentum when a sufficiently energetic photon (with E> 2 mc^2) converts to an electron-positron pair having less forward momentum than the photon carried. But the atomic nucleus exerts an equal and opposite force on the photon during e-p production. This force (or impulse= force x time) on the photon from the atomic nucleus apparently causes the double-helix photon to destabilize and separate into two separate spin-1/2 charged half-photons which then restabilize by curling up to form a quantum vortex electron and positron, transferring to the atomic nucleus much of the forward momentum that the spin-1/2 charged half-photons carried as components of the double-helix photon.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> Richard<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">On Mon, Jul 23, 2018 at 6:55 AM, <<a href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></div><blockquote style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0in 0in 0in 6pt; margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0in;" class="" type="cite"><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Hi Chip and all,<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> The internally-superluminal charged spin-1/2 half-photon can only travel forward at light-speed in a linear direction when it moves alongside a second, oppositely-charged spin-1/2 charged half-photon to form a stable (through Coulomb attraction) double-helix photon, in which case both oppositely charged half-photons are also stable in forming the double-helix photon. But when one spin-1/2 half-photon is separated from the other spin-1/2 half-photon during e-p pair production, each separated half-photon becomes unstable, and curls up its trajectory into a MORE STABLE quantum vortex configuration, where it stabilizes itself by constructive-self-interference with its own single-looping Lambda-Compton/2-wavelength quantum wave and zitterbewegung frequency. A double-looping one-Compton-wavelength photon-like object would be inherently UNSTABLE due to destructive seif-interference after one loop, as it would arrive 180 degrees out of phase with its own one-Compton-wavelength quantum wave after one loop. A unstable one-Compton-wavelength (originated from where?) photon-like object would perhaps require force to curve it into an even more unstable, self-interfering double-looping photon model of an electron, But a 1/2 Compton wavelength half-photon forms a stable constructively-self-interfering quantum vortex electron without external force.<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> At least that’s how I see it now. Your comments are welcome.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><br class=""><br class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></div><blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;" class="" type="cite"><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">On Jul 22, 2018, at 9:20 AM, Chip Akins <<a href="mailto:chipakins@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">chipakins@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Hi Richard<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Really nice work!!!<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">I have a question you may have already sorted out regarding forces.<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">What is the source for the force which causes half of the photon to curl up and form the electron model you propose? What is it that overcomes the momentum to confine the model in 3 dimensions?<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Or do you have another explanation for the cause of the confinement?<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Warmest Regards<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Chip<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="border-style: solid none none; border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225); padding: 3pt 0in 0in;" class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span class="m5196363156944367336apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">General [<a href="mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">mailto:general-bounces+chipakins=gmail.com@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>]<span class="m5196363156944367336apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span class="m5196363156944367336apple-converted-space"> </span></b><a href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">richgauthier@gmail.com</a><br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="m5196363156944367336apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, July 22, 2018 10:50 AM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="m5196363156944367336apple-converted-space"> </span>Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <<a href="mailto:general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org</a>><br class=""><b class="">Cc:</b><span class="m5196363156944367336apple-converted-space"> </span>Oreste Caroppo <<a href="mailto:orestecaroppo@yahoo.it" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">orestecaroppo@yahoo.it</a>>; martin Mark van der <<a href="mailto:martin.van.der.mark@philips.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">martin.van.der.mark@philips.com</a>><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="m5196363156944367336apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [General] Superluminal electron model</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Hello Wolfgang, Albrecht, John W, Martin and all,<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span class="m5196363156944367336apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;" class=""> I want to let you know that my new article </span>“<span style="font-size: 9pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(241, 241, 241); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" class="">Quantum-Vortex Electron Formed From Superluminal Double-Helix Photon in Electron-Positron Pair Production</span>” is now available at (and can be downloaded from)<span class="m5196363156944367336apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span style="color: purple;" class="">https://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research</span></a><span class="m5196363156944367336apple-converted-space"> </span>. I welcome your comments. For your convenience I’ve also appended the pdf file below.<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""> Richard<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">If you no longer wish to receive communication from the Nature of Light and Particles General Discussion List at<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">richgauthier@gmail.com</a><br class=""><a href="<a href="http://lists.natureoflightandparticles.org/options.cgi/general-natureoflightandparticles.org/richgauthier%40gmail.com?unsub=1&unsubconfirm=1" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">http://lists.natureoflightandparticles.org/options.cgi/general-natureoflightandparticles.org/richgauthier%40gmail.com?unsub=1&unsubconfirm=1</a>"><br class="">Click here to unsubscribe<br class=""></a></span><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div></div><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">_______________________________________________</span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; 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