<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></head><body><div>Richard</div><div><br></div><div>For those who would use special relativity, I am reminded that SR is only good for constant linear velocity. Of course this begs the question of what acceleration was required to obtain the steady velocity condition of GR. </div><div><br></div><div>Acceleration especially in terms of 2d or higher systems require GR. SR no longer applies since there is always acceleration in the velocity vector change. </div><div><br></div><div>So I respect Albrecht's work and his contribution options. In this case the approximation from GR does not work.</div><div><br></div><div>Furthermore, in a nonlinear system, especiakly time-dependent system, conservation of momentum no longer applies.</div><div><br></div><div>David</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div id="composer_signature"><div style="font-size:85%;color:#575757" dir="auto">Sent from my Verizon, Samsung Galaxy smartphone</div></div><div><br></div><div style="font-size:100%;color:#000000"><!-- originalMessage --><div>-------- Original message --------</div><div>From: Richard Gauthier <richgauthier@gmail.com> </div><div>Date: 7/4/19 2:55 PM (GMT-08:00) </div><div>To: Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion <general@lists.natureoflightandparticles.org> </div><div>Cc: Oreste Caroppo <orestecaroppo@yahoo.it> </div><div>Subject: Re: [General] Light with "self-torque" </div><div><br></div></div>Hello Albrecht (and all),<div class=""><br class=""><div class=""> Thank you for reminding me of the pleasant and productive conference we participated in at Liege last August.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""> I remember your comment but was not clear on how it could be implemented in my double-helix photon model. The double-helix photon model is not a zitterbewegung model. The zitterbewegung term refers to the internal frequency F=2mc^2/h of the Dirac electron, and related spatial models of the electron (or other particles). My relativistic quantum-vortex zitterbewegung model of the electron (see Part 2: Crossing lightspeed at <a href="http://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research" class="">richardgauthier.academia.edu/research</a>) is shown below first for a resting electron model (on the left) and then for a very highly relativistic electron model on the right). (The electron/positron model shrinks in size as 1/gamma with increasingly gamma of the electron/positron, as can be seen from the parametric equations below). In both resting and highly relativistic cases the superluminal energy quantum (SEQ) moves along a mathematical surface — a horn torus for the resting electron or positron model. As gamma increases, this mathematical surface transforms into a sphere for a highly relativistic (large gamma) electron or positron model. Interestingly, in both cases the minimum speed of the SEQ composing the resting model and the highly relativistic model is calculated to be c, while the SEQ's maximum speed is calculated in both cases to be c sqrt(5) = 2.236 c. Coincidence? In between these extremes, the SEC is fully superluminal for two states (electric charge and spin combinations) and goes subliminal and back to superluminal during each SEQ cycle for the other two electric charge and spin combinations. I wonder if you could reduce both of these internally superluminal (and sometimes subluminal) quantum-vortex electron/positron models to having an internal movement purely at speed c.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""> with best wishes,</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""> Richard</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">The parametric equations for the superluminal energy quantum composing the relativistic quantum-vortex positron/electron model are given by</div><div class=""><img apple-inline="yes" id="7F5DEC05-A717-40C6-935B-0635873277E7" width="444" height="120" src="cid:3D1B2483-2197-4341-B3AA-E914000B2BD7@hsd1.ca.comcast.net." class="" onmouseover="imageMousePointerUpdate(true)" onmouseout="imageMousePointerUpdate(false)"></div><div class="">Below: the resting electron model (left) and the highly relativist electron model (right). The green surfaces are mathematical surfaces along which the superluminal energy quantum (small ball with its trajectory) moves.</div><div class="">T<img apple-inline="yes" id="A26E090A-F9E6-4A3A-B6D0-A66AFC3299E6" width="640" height="409" src="cid:89D119D7-959F-4305-A565-17B6BCBE75FC@hsd1.ca.comcast.net." class="" onmouseover="imageMousePointerUpdate(true)" onmouseout="imageMousePointerUpdate(false)"><img apple-inline="yes" id="B51CB850-AEAE-4079-B977-22A8004AD191" width="468" height="431" src="cid:1F588F75-0DD8-497E-BF0C-294092C924EB@hsd1.ca.comcast.net." class="" onmouseover="imageMousePointerUpdate(true)" onmouseout="imageMousePointerUpdate(false)"></div><div class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jul 4, 2019, at 4:03 AM, Albrecht Giese <<a href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de" class="">phys@a-giese.de</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" class="">
<div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class=""><p class="">Hi Richard,</p><p class="">you have again presented here your photon model, which has
internally a superluminal motion (zitterbewegung). Why
superluminal? That makes it difficult for physicists to accept
your model. And as I have tried to explain to you in Liége: it is
not necessary. You can have speed of light for the whole photon
and also inside the photon. By taking into account special
relativity, this works.</p><p class="">Best wishes<br class="">
Albrecht</p><p class=""><br class="">
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 02.07.2019 um 08:10 schrieb Richard
Gauthier:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:EB071830-DB62-483A-B8E1-AAA16725F54C@gmail.com" class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" class="">
Hi Dan, John W, Martin and all,
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> I just published my updated article
"Quantum-entangled superluminal double-helix photon produces a
relativistic superluminal quantum-vortex zitterbewegung electron
and positron, Part 2: Crossing Lightspeed”, dated 2 July. It’s
at
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard_Gauthier2/publications" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard_Gauthier2/publications</a><o:p class=""></o:p></p>
<div class="">and </div>
<div class=""><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">http://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research</a> .<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">The just-published first part of the
article "Quantum-entangled superluminal double-helix photon
produces a relativistic superluminal
quantum-vortex zitterbewegung electron and positron”
presented in Liege at the Vigier conference last August is
there also. </p>
<div class="">with best wishes,</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Jun 29, 2019, at 7:00 AM, Richard
Gauthier <<a href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=UTF-8" class="">
<div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode:
space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Hi
Dan,
<div class=""> Thanks for your note about this
discovery of a new property of light, “self-torque"</div>
<div class=""><span id="cid:9AB2F334-D1D1-464B-8F62-84B63710BE1C@hsd1.ca.comcast.net." class=""><Screen
Shot 2019-06-29 at 6.47.22 AM.png></span></div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">which is reminiscent of the superluminal
double-helix model of the photon, though with
clearly significant differences.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><span id="cid:68141718-6E0D-4A12-A55E-179AB2E359E1@hsd1.ca.comcast.net." class=""><PastedGraphic-24.png></span></div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">all the best,</div>
<div class=""> Richard<br class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Jun 29, 2019, at 2:56 AM,
DataPacRat <<a href="mailto:datapacrat@gmail.com" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">datapacrat@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div class="">An article I believe is of
interest to the members of this list:<br class="">
<br class="">
<a href="https://phys.org/news/2019-06-property.html" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://phys.org/news/2019-06-property.html</a><br class="">
<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">New
property of light discovered<br class="">
by Bob Yirka, Science X Network, <a href="http://phys.org/" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">Phys.org</a><br class="">
<br class="">
A team of researchers affiliated with
several institutions in Spain and the U.S.
has<br class="">
announced that they have discovered a new
property of light—self-torque. In their
paper<br class="">
published in the journal Science, the
group describes how they happened to spot
the new<br class="">
property and possible uses for it.<br class="">
<br class="">
Scientists have long known about such
properties of light as wavelength. More
recently,<br class="">
researchers have found that light can also
be twisted, a property called angular<br class="">
momentum. Beams with highly structured
angular momentum are said to have orbital<br class="">
angular momentum (OAM), and are called
vortex beams. They appear as a helix<br class="">
surrounding a common center, and when they
strike a flat surface, they appear as<br class="">
doughnut-shaped. In this new effort, the
researchers were working with OAM beams<br class="">
when they found the light behaving in a
way that had never been seen before.<br class="">
<br class="">
The experiments involved firing two lasers
at a cloud of argon gas—doing so forced
the<br class="">
beams to overlap, and they joined and were
emitted as a single beam from the other
side<br class="">
of the argon cloud. The result was a type
of vortex beam. The researchers then<br class="">
wondered what would happen if the lasers
had different orbital angular momentum and
if<br class="">
they were slightly out of sync. This
resulted in a beam that looked like a
corkscrew with a<br class="">
gradually changing twist. And when the
beam struck a flat surface, it looked like
a<br class="">
crescent moon. The researchers noted that
looked at another way, a single photon at
the<br class="">
front of the beam was orbiting around its
center more slowly than a photon at the
back of<br class="">
the beam. The researchers promptly dubbed
the new property self-torque—and not only<br class="">
is it a newly discovered property of
light, it is also one that has never even
been<br class="">
predicted.<br class="">
<br class="">
The researchers suggest that it should be
possible to use their technique to
modulate the<br class="">
orbital angular momentum of light in ways
very similar to modulating frequencies in<br class="">
communications equipment. This could lead
to the development of novel devices that<br class="">
make use of manipulating extremely tiny
materials.<br class="">
</blockquote>
<br class="">
The actual published article is at<br class="">
<a href="https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1901/1901.10942.pdf" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1901/1901.10942.pdf</a>
. Discovered<br class="">
via the blog article at<br class="">
<a href="https://science.slashdot.org/story/19/06/29/0039231/new-property-of-light-discovered" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://science.slashdot.org/story/19/06/29/0039231/new-property-of-light-discovered</a><br class="">
, where one comment links to<br class="">
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0056086">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0056086</a><br class="">
, which includes the conclusion "In
conclusion, twisted waves cannot<br class="">
carry information that is independent from
the information contained<br class="">
in plane wave modes at the same frequency."<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
Thank you for your time,<br class="">
--<br class="">
Dan Boese, aka DataPacRat<br class="">
"Does aₘᵢₙ=2c²/Θ ? I don't know, but
wouldn't it be fascinating if it were?"<br class="">
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