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<p>Hello Richard,</p>
<p>thank you for your detailed explanations. <br>
</p>
<p>My question - or concern - was your requirement for a
superluminal motion in your models. This causes always doubts in
the physical community. My consideration was why it is necessary.
<br>
</p>
<p>Now I have looked into your paper "Quantum-entangled superluminal
double-helix photon
produces a relativistic superluminal quantum-vortex
zitterbewegung electron and positron, Part 2: Crossing
lightspeed". </p>
<p>In this paper I find equations for the summation of speed. But
when I am looking into your equation 10 and the following ones, I
do not understand. There occur speeds close to c and also c
itself. If you some up those, you have to follow the summation
rules in the Lorentz transformation. That means, to sum for
instance c with another speed, the result is always c, not more.
Is this taken into account? I do not find it. Should I have
overlooked something or misunderstood?</p>
<p>Hello Chip,</p>
<p>thanks for you explanations. You refer to quantum mechanical
processes, and that is in general correct. However I have
understood the model of Richard to be a classical one. And I would
appreciate if it would be that way. <br>
</p>
<p>Best wishes<br>
Albrecht<br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 04.07.2019 um 23:55 schrieb Richard
Gauthier:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:9EEA1CDC-528B-44D8-A835-E27B829C8F82@gmail.com">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
Hello Albrecht (and all),
<div class=""><br class="">
<div class=""> Thank you for reminding me of the pleasant and
productive conference we participated in at Liege last August.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> I remember your comment but was not clear on
how it could be implemented in my double-helix photon model.
The double-helix photon model is not a zitterbewegung model.
The zitterbewegung term refers to the internal frequency
F=2mc^2/h of the Dirac electron, and related spatial models of
the electron (or other particles). My relativistic
quantum-vortex zitterbewegung model of the electron (see Part
2: Crossing lightspeed at <a
href="http://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">richardgauthier.academia.edu/research</a>)
is shown below first for a resting electron model (on the
left) and then for a very highly relativistic electron model
on the right). (The electron/positron model shrinks in size as
1/gamma with increasingly gamma of the electron/positron, as
can be seen from the parametric equations below). In both
resting and highly relativistic cases the superluminal energy
quantum (SEQ) moves along a mathematical surface — a horn
torus for the resting electron or positron model. As gamma
increases, this mathematical surface transforms into a sphere
for a highly relativistic (large gamma) electron or positron
model. Interestingly, in both cases the minimum speed of the
SEQ composing the resting model and the highly relativistic
model is calculated to be c, while the SEQ's maximum speed is
calculated in both cases to be c sqrt(5) = 2.236 c.
Coincidence? In between these extremes, the SEC is fully
superluminal for two states (electric charge and spin
combinations) and goes subliminal and back to superluminal
during each SEQ cycle for the other two electric charge and
spin combinations. I wonder if you could reduce both of these
internally superluminal (and sometimes subluminal)
quantum-vortex electron/positron models to having an internal
movement purely at speed c.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> with best wishes,</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">The parametric equations for the superluminal
energy quantum composing the relativistic quantum-vortex
positron/electron model are given by</div>
<div class=""><img apple-inline="yes"
id="7F5DEC05-A717-40C6-935B-0635873277E7"
src="cid:part2.16C62B88.FC5D7AF9@a-giese.de" class=""
width="444" height="120"></div>
<div class="">Below: the resting electron model (left) and the
highly relativist electron model (right). The green surfaces
are mathematical surfaces along which the superluminal energy
quantum (small ball with its trajectory) moves.</div>
<div class="">T<img apple-inline="yes"
id="A26E090A-F9E6-4A3A-B6D0-A66AFC3299E6"
src="cid:part3.52AC5B48.A4A77CAE@a-giese.de" class=""
width="640" height="409"><img apple-inline="yes"
id="B51CB850-AEAE-4079-B977-22A8004AD191"
src="cid:part4.80CE886B.C09B8D34@a-giese.de" class=""
width="468" height="431"></div>
<div class="">
<div><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Jul 4, 2019, at 4:03 AM, Albrecht Giese
<<a href="mailto:phys@a-giese.de" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">phys@a-giese.de</a>> wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=UTF-8" class="">
<div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
<p class="">Hi Richard,</p>
<p class="">you have again presented here your photon
model, which has internally a superluminal motion
(zitterbewegung). Why superluminal? That makes it
difficult for physicists to accept your model. And
as I have tried to explain to you in Liége: it is
not necessary. You can have speed of light for the
whole photon and also inside the photon. By taking
into account special relativity, this works.</p>
<p class="">Best wishes<br class="">
Albrecht</p>
<p class=""><br class="">
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 02.07.2019 um 08:10
schrieb Richard Gauthier:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:EB071830-DB62-483A-B8E1-AAA16725F54C@gmail.com"
class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=UTF-8" class="">
Hi Dan, John W, Martin and all,
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> I just published my updated article
"Quantum-entangled superluminal double-helix
photon produces a relativistic superluminal
quantum-vortex zitterbewegung electron and
positron, Part 2: Crossing Lightspeed”, dated 2
July. It’s at
<p class="MsoNormal"><a
href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard_Gauthier2/publications"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard_Gauthier2/publications</a><o:p
class=""></o:p></p>
<div class="">and </div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><a
href="http://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">http://richardgauthier.academia.edu/research</a> .<o:p
class=""></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The just-published first
part of the article "Quantum-entangled
superluminal double-helix photon produces a
relativistic superluminal
quantum-vortex zitterbewegung electron and
positron” presented in Liege at the Vigier
conference last August is there also. </p>
<div class="">with best wishes,</div>
<div class=""> Richard</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Jun 29, 2019, at 7:00 AM,
Richard Gauthier <<a
href="mailto:richgauthier@gmail.com"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">richgauthier@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
class="">
<div style="word-wrap: break-word;
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break:
after-white-space;" class="">Hi Dan,
<div class=""> Thanks for your note
about this discovery of a new property
of light, “self-torque"</div>
<div class=""><span
id="cid:9AB2F334-D1D1-464B-8F62-84B63710BE1C@hsd1.ca.comcast.net."
class=""><Screen Shot 2019-06-29
at 6.47.22 AM.png></span></div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">which is reminiscent of
the superluminal double-helix model of
the photon, though with clearly
significant differences.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><span
id="cid:68141718-6E0D-4A12-A55E-179AB2E359E1@hsd1.ca.comcast.net."
class=""><PastedGraphic-24.png></span></div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">all the best,</div>
<div class=""> Richard<br class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Jun 29, 2019, at
2:56 AM, DataPacRat <<a
href="mailto:datapacrat@gmail.com"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">datapacrat@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br
class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div class="">An article I
believe is of interest to the
members of this list:<br
class="">
<br class="">
<a
href="https://phys.org/news/2019-06-property.html"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">https://phys.org/news/2019-06-property.html</a><br
class="">
<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite"
class="">New property of
light discovered<br class="">
by Bob Yirka, Science X
Network, <a
href="http://phys.org/"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">Phys.org</a><br
class="">
<br class="">
A team of researchers
affiliated with several
institutions in Spain and
the U.S. has<br class="">
announced that they have
discovered a new property of
light—self-torque. In their
paper<br class="">
published in the journal
Science, the group describes
how they happened to spot
the new<br class="">
property and possible uses
for it.<br class="">
<br class="">
Scientists have long known
about such properties of
light as wavelength. More
recently,<br class="">
researchers have found that
light can also be twisted, a
property called angular<br
class="">
momentum. Beams with highly
structured angular momentum
are said to have orbital<br
class="">
angular momentum (OAM), and
are called vortex beams.
They appear as a helix<br
class="">
surrounding a common center,
and when they strike a flat
surface, they appear as<br
class="">
doughnut-shaped. In this new
effort, the researchers were
working with OAM beams<br
class="">
when they found the light
behaving in a way that had
never been seen before.<br
class="">
<br class="">
The experiments involved
firing two lasers at a cloud
of argon gas—doing so forced
the<br class="">
beams to overlap, and they
joined and were emitted as a
single beam from the other
side<br class="">
of the argon cloud. The
result was a type of vortex
beam. The researchers then<br
class="">
wondered what would happen
if the lasers had different
orbital angular momentum and
if<br class="">
they were slightly out of
sync. This resulted in a
beam that looked like a
corkscrew with a<br class="">
gradually changing twist.
And when the beam struck a
flat surface, it looked like
a<br class="">
crescent moon. The
researchers noted that
looked at another way, a
single photon at the<br
class="">
front of the beam was
orbiting around its center
more slowly than a photon at
the back of<br class="">
the beam. The researchers
promptly dubbed the new
property self-torque—and not
only<br class="">
is it a newly discovered
property of light, it is
also one that has never even
been<br class="">
predicted.<br class="">
<br class="">
The researchers suggest that
it should be possible to use
their technique to modulate
the<br class="">
orbital angular momentum of
light in ways very similar
to modulating frequencies in<br
class="">
communications equipment.
This could lead to the
development of novel devices
that<br class="">
make use of manipulating
extremely tiny materials.<br
class="">
</blockquote>
<br class="">
The actual published article
is at<br class="">
<a
href="https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1901/1901.10942.pdf"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1901/1901.10942.pdf</a>
. Discovered<br class="">
via the blog article at<br
class="">
<a
href="https://science.slashdot.org/story/19/06/29/0039231/new-property-of-light-discovered"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">https://science.slashdot.org/story/19/06/29/0039231/new-property-of-light-discovered</a><br
class="">
, where one comment links to<br
class="">
<a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0056086"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0056086</a><br
class="">
, which includes the
conclusion "In conclusion,
twisted waves cannot<br
class="">
carry information that is
independent from the
information contained<br
class="">
in plane wave modes at the
same frequency."<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
Thank you for your time,<br
class="">
--<br class="">
Dan Boese, aka DataPacRat<br
class="">
"Does aₘᵢₙ=2c²/Θ ? I don't
know, but wouldn't it be
fascinating if it were?"<br
class="">
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