[General] Internal Pressure of an Electron

[John Macken]

Hello everyone,

 

Internal Pressure of an Electron

 

Today I want to address an important consideration that has to be discussed when a quantifiable model of an electron is proposed.  When an electron model has energy propagating at the speed of light in a specific volume, then it is possible to calculate the implied energy density and the implied internal pressure. For example, energy density has units of J/m3 which in dimensional analysis terminology is:  M/T2L (mass/time2length).  Pressure has units of N/m2 which also has the same dimensional analysis units of  M/T2L. In other words, I believe that in all cases energy density implies pressure. However, I will confine my comments to the implied pressure exerted by confining photons (or other spacetime waves) to a specific volume.  This gives creates energy density and therefore implies pressure. For example, the reason that stars do not undergo a gravitational collapse is that the photon pressure within the star is sufficient to oppose gravitational collapse and create the long life star structures that we know.  For photons propagating in 3 dimensions, the relationship between energy density U and pressure P is U = 3P.  Now here is the problem. If you are making electrons out of a 511,000 eV photon confined to a spherical volume with a radius of 1.93x10-13 m, then this is 8.19x10-14 Joule in a volume of 3x10‑38 m3.  This is an energy density of about 3x1024 J/m3 which is exerting a pressure of about 1024 N/m2.  What contains this tremendous pressure?

 

This might seem like an argumentative type of question, but I believe that it is forcing people to go beyond their comfort zone and confront questions which ultimately greatly improve the model.

 

My model is not only a model of fundamental particles, but also a model of the energetic vacuum (the spacetime field) and a model of forces.  Since the spacetime field also has energy density, it also exerts pressure.  The only particles that are stable or semi-stable are ones which achieve a type of resonance with the surrounding spacetime field and achieve an opposing force (opposing pressure) which counteracts the particle’s internal pressure and stabilize the particle.  This interaction creates a strain in the surrounding volume of spacetime.  The linear portion of this strain we know as the particle’s electric/magnetic field and the nonlinear portion of the strain is the particle’s gravitational field which we also call “curved spacetime”.  For example, starting on page 8-11 of my book I calculate the gravitational force exerted on an electron in the earth’s gravity.  The calculation involves the internal pressure of the electron and the slight pressure difference exerted on opposite sides of the electron by the spacetime field.  The rate of time gradient caused by the earth’s gravitational field is responsible for this slight pressure difference.  This calculation yields the correct gravitational force on an electron in the earth’s gravity with no analogy to acceleration.    

 

For a long time I ignored the implied internal pressure of my particle model.  Then I hit a problem that I could not solve.  I was able to calculate the correct gravitational force between my particles, but I finally realized that the implied force direction was repulsive rather than attractive.  Initially I thought that this was a minor problem, but it grew worse when I realized that my calculation also implied the continuous emission of energy from the particle.  Finally I confronted the implied internal pressure.  For example, my electron model has “dipole waves in spacetime” propagating at the speed of light in a limited volume.  These waves are quantifiable energy propagating at the speed of light in a single loop volume.  This is similar to photons, and they also generate pressure in the range of 1024 N/m2.  Confronting this internal pressure allows a precise calculation of not only the electron’s gravity, but also its inertia, and electrostatic force.  In quarks the internal pressure also is a key component in the explanation of the strong force and even the explanation of asymptotic freedom of quarks in hadrons.  In other words, incorporating this internal pressure is key to explaining any of the forces exerted by fundamental particles.

 

John M.

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