[General] To Infinity and Beyond: zero phase index?

[Richard Gauthier]

Hello Martin,
    Thanks for this information. If the election is composed in some way of a circulating photon or photon-like object, then these issues of phase velocity, group velocity and energy transport velocity should apply to this circulating photon also, shouldn’t they? But according to Fermi-Dirac statistics (backed up by experiments), every electron is exactly the same as every other electron, so there shouldn’t be differences between electrons (composed of circulating photons) due to different internal phase velocities or group velocities of these circulating photons. Is this a contradiction? Or does the issue of phase velocity and group velocity only apply to groups of photons forming an electromagnetic wave pulse, and not to individual photons (whether forming an electron or not?
     Thanks.
         Richard

> On Oct 20, 2015, at 4:53 AM, Mark, Martin van der <martin.van.der.mark at philips.com> wrote:
> 
> David and all,
> Just for the record, there are three kinds of velocity for electromagnetic waves:
> 1)      The phase velocity, it governs refraction and as you may guess, the refractive index, n, is the material property related to it. May have any velocity, +/- infinity. 
> v_phase = omega/k
> 2)      The group velocity, this how fast a pulse of light moves and it is always slower than c.
> v_group = domega/dk
> 3)      The energy transport velocity, relevant for resonant structures, always slower than c
> v_energy = see Amsterdam effect and the book by Brillouin on propagation
> Then (as indicated in the first point), on top of this there is the possibility of negative epsilon and mu leading to negative refractive index. This may happen at a resonance (small bandwidth, limited response time), and is associated with so-called perfect lenses and optical cloaks. Can be made as a meta material. It amplifies the near-field (longitudinal component).
> I hope this helps some.
> Cheers, Martin
>  
> Dr. Martin B. van der Mark
> Principal Scientist, Minimally Invasive Healthcare
>  
> Philips Research Europe - Eindhoven
> High Tech Campus, Building 34 (WB2.025)
> Prof. Holstlaan 4
> 5656 AE  Eindhoven, The Netherlands
> Tel: +31 40 2747548
>  
> From: General [mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com at lists.natureoflightandparticles.org <mailto:general-bounces+martin.van.der.mark=philips.com at lists.natureoflightandparticles.org>] On Behalf Of davidmathes8 at yahoo.com <mailto:davidmathes8 at yahoo.com>
> Sent: dinsdag 20 oktober 2015 1:26
> To: Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion; Richard Gauthier; Chip Akins
> Subject: [General] To Infinity and Beyond: zero phase index?
>  
> Rich, Chip, John W, Martin et al
> 
> I've wondered if the photon or quanta within the confines of an electron could really travel at FTL velocities. 
> 
> Indeed, one of the parametric models Richard has proposed does fit known experiments to date. 
> 
>  
> So here is an interesting tool for experimentalists: an on-chip zero-index metamaterial.
>  http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nphoton.2015.198.html <http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nphoton.2015.198.html>
> "This novel on-chip metamaterial platform opens the door to exploring the physics of zero index and its applications in integrated optics."
>  
> Best
>  
> David
> 
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