[General] research papers

Dr. Albrecht Giese genmail at a-giese.de
Mon Sep 14 12:45:52 PDT 2015


John,

You wrote a long text, so I will enter my answers within your text.

Am 14.09.2015 um 02:54 schrieb John Macken:
>
> Hello David and Albrecht,
>
> It was through the contact with this group that I was finally able to 
> understand the disconnect that existed between my idea of vacuum 
> energy and the picture that others were obtaining from my use of the 
> term “energy”.   Many of the mysteries of quantum mechanics and 
> general relativity can be traced to the fact that fields exist and yet 
> we do not have a clear idea of what they are. My answer is that we 
> live within a sea of vacuum activity which is the physical basis of 
> the mysterious fields. I combine all fields into a single “spacetime 
> field” which is the basis of all particles, fields and forces.
>
> *David*, you asked about the wordsquantum, quantifying and quantizing. 
> I did a word search and I did not use the word “quantizing” in either 
> the email or the attachment to my last post.  However, the paper 
> /Energetic Spacetime: The New Aether/ submitted to SPIE as part of the 
> conference presentation, used and defines the word “quantization”. 
> This paper was attached to previous posts, and is available at my 
> website: http://onlyspacetime.com/
>
> *Albrecht*:  I can combine my answer to you with the clarification for 
> David of the word “quantify” and its derivatives.  I claim that my 
> model of the universe “quantifies” particles and fields.  I will start 
> my explanation of this concept by giving examples of models which do 
> not “quantify” particles and fields.  There have been numerous 
> particle models from this group and others which show an electron 
> model as two balls orbiting around a center of mass.  Most of the 
> group identifies these balls as photons but Albrecht names the two 
> balls “charges of the strong force”.  Both photons and charges of 
> strong force are just words. To be quantifiable, it is necessary to 
> describe the model of the universe which gives the strong force or the 
> electromagnetic force.  What exactly are these? How much energy and 
> energy density does one charge of strong force have? Can a photon 
> occupy a volume smaller than a reduced Compton wavelength in radius? 
> Does a muon have the same basic strong force charge but just rotate 
> faster? Are the charges of strong force or photons made of any other 
> more basic component?
>

Regarding charge: This is a basic entity in my model. At some point a 
physical theory has to start. My model starts with the assumption that a 
charge is an "atomic" entity, so possibly point-like, which emits 
exchange particles (in this point I follow the general understanding of 
QM). There are two types of charges: the electric ones which we are very 
familiar with, having two signs, and the strong ones, which are not so 
obvious in everyday physics; they also have two signs. In the physical 
nature we find the charges of the strong force only in configurations 
made of those different signs, never isolated. This is in contrast to 
the electric charges.

The basic particles are composed of a collection of charges of the 
strong force so that both basic particles are bound to each other in a 
way that they keep a certain distance. This distance characterizes an 
elementary particle. In several (or most) cases there is additionally an 
electric charge in the basic particle.

The two parameters I have to set - or to find - are the shape of the 
strong field in the elementary particle. Here I have defined an equation 
describing a minimum multi-pole field to make the elementary particle 
stable. The other setting is the strength of this field. This strength 
can be found e.g. using the electron because the electron is well known 
and precisely measured. This field is then applicable for all leptons as 
well as for all quarks. It is also applicable for the photon with the 
restriction that there may be a correction factor caused by the fact 
that the photon is not fundamental in the sense of this model but 
composed of (maybe) two other particles.

The size of the photon is (at least roughly) described by its 
wavelength. This follows from the mass formula resulting from my model, 
as with this assumption the (dynamic) mass of the photon is the correct 
result.

As I wrote, the results of this model are very precise, the prove is in 
practice only limited by limitations of the measurement processes.
>
> I could go on with more questions until it is possible to calculate 
> the properties of an electron from the answers.  So far both models 
> lack any quantifiable details except perhaps a connection to the 
> particle’s Compton frequency.  I am not demanding anything more than I 
> have already done.  For example, I cannot calculate the electron’s 
> Compton frequency or the fine structure constant.  However, once I 
> install these into the model that I create, and combine this with the 
> properties of the spacetime field, then I get an electron.  Installing 
> a muon’s Compton frequency generates a muon with the correct electric 
> field, electrostatic force, curvature of spacetime, gravitational 
> force and de Broglie waves.  I am able to quantify the distortion of 
> spacetime produced by a charged particle, an electric field and a 
> photon.  I am able to test these models and show that they generate 
> both the correct energy density and generate a black hole when we 
> reach the distortion limits of the spacetime field.
>
In my model the Compton frequency of the electron (and of the other 
leptons) follows directly from the size of the particle and the fact 
that the basic particle move with c. The fine structure constant tells 
us the relation of the electric force to the strong force. This 
explanation follows very directly from this model, however was also 
found by other theorists using algebra of particle physics.

Another result of the model is that Planck's constant - multiplied by c 
- is the field constant of the strong force. Also this is the result of 
other models (however not of mainstream physics).
>
> My model starts with a quantifiable description of the properties of 
> spacetime. The spacetime model has a specific impedance which 
> describes the properties of waves that can exist in spacetime. Then 
> the amplitude and frequency of the waves in spacetime is quantified.  
> This combination allows the energy density of spacetime to be 
> calculated and this agrees with the energy density of zero point 
> energy. The particle models are then defined as ½ ħunits of quantized 
> angular momentum existing in the spacetime field.  This model is 
> quantifiable as to size, structure, energy, etc.  Also the fact that 
> the rate of time and proper volume is being modulated, it is possible 
> to calculate the effect that such a structure would have on the 
> surrounding volume of spacetime.  It is possible to calculate the 
> effect if the spacetime-based particle model would have if the 
> coupling constant was equal to 1 (Planck charge), To get charge /e/, 
> it is necessary to manually install the fine structure constant.
>
How do you get the value ½ ħ for the angular momentum? What is the 
calculation behind it? - I understand that in your model the electric 
charge is a parameter deduced from other facts. Which ones? From alpha? 
How do you then get alpha?

I personally have in so far a problem with all considerations using 
spacetime as I have quite thoroughly investigated how Einstein came to 
the idea of this 4-dimentional construct. His main motivation was that 
he wanted in any case to avoid an ether. And in his discussions with 
Ernst Mach he had to realize that he was running into a lot of problems 
with this assumption. He could solve these problems in general by his 
"curved spacetime". But this concept still causes logical conflicts 
which are eagerly neglected by the followers of Einstein's relativity 
(and which do not exist in the Lorentzian way of relativity).
>
> The quantifiable properties of spacetime imply that there should be 
> boundary conditions which imply that the waves in spacetime should be 
> nonlinear.  When the nonlinear component is calculated and treated as 
> separate waves, the characteristics of the particle’s gravitational 
> field are obtained (correct:  curvature, effect on the rate of time, 
> force and energy density).
>
> In my last post I have given an answer about the factor of 10^120 
> difference between the observable energy density of the universe and 
> the non-observable energy of the universe. This non-observable energy 
> density is absolutely necessary for QED calculations, zero point 
> energy, the uncertainty principle, Lamb shift, spontaneous emission 
> and quantum mechanics in general. This non-observable energy density 
> is responsible for the tremendously large impedance of spacetime c^3 
> /G. Since I can also show how this non-observable energy density is 
> obtainable from gravitational wave equations, it is necessary for 
> *you* to show how all these effects can be achieved without spacetime 
> being a single field with this non-observable energy density.  In 
> fact, the name non-observable only applied to direct observation. The 
> indirect evidence is everywhere.  It forms the basis of the universe 
> and therefore is the “background noise” of the universe.  For this 
> reason it is not directly observable because we can only detect 
> differences in energy.  The constants /c,/ /G/, /ħ/and /ε_o / testify 
> that spacetime is not an empty void.
>
Up to now I did not find any necessity for zero-point energy. And I find 
it a dangerous way to assume physical facts which cannot be observed. 
The greatest argument in favour of this energy is its use in Feynman 
diagrams. But is there really no other way? I have a lecture of Feynman 
here where he states that his formalism has good results. But that he 
has no physical understanding why it is successful. In my understanding 
of the development of physics this is a weak point.

The discrepancy of 10^120 between assumed and observed energy is taken 
as a great and unresolved problem by present main stream physics. Those 
representatives would have all reason to find a solution to keep present 
QM clean. But they are not able to. This causes me some concern.

The constants you have listed: c is the speed of light what ever the 
reason for it is. (I have a model, but it is a bit speculative.) But it 
has nothing to do with energy. G is the gravitational constant which is 
as little understood as gravity itself. Planck's constant I have 
explained, it is (with c) the field constant of the strong force (any 
force has to be described by a field constant); and /ε_o / is the field 
constant of the electric force with a similar background.
>
> If spacetime was an empty void, why should particles have a speed 
> limit of /c/? For a thought experiment, suppose that two spaceships 
> leave earth going opposite directions and accelerate until they reach 
> a speed of 0.75 /c/ relative to the earth.  The earth bound observer 
> sees them separating at 1.5 /c/ but the rules of relativistic addition 
> of velocity has a spaceship observer seeing the other spaceship moving 
> away at only 0.96 /c/.  How is this possible if spacetime is an empty 
> void.  My model of the universe answers this because all particles, 
> fields and forces are also made of the spacetime field and they 
> combine to achieve Lorentz transformations which affects ruler length 
> and clocks.  None of this can happen unless spacetime is filled with 
> dipole waves in spacetime and everything is made of the single 
> component.  The universe is only spacetime.
>
If two spaceships move at 0.75 c in opposite direction, the observer at 
rest may add these speeds and may get 1.5 c as a result. Why not? If an 
observer in one of the spaceships measures the relative speed of the 
other spaceship, the result will be less then c (as you write it). The 
reason is the well known fact that the measurement tools accessible for 
the observer in the ship are changed and run differently at this high 
speed. The reason for these changes is for time dilation the internal 
speed c in elementary particles. For contraction it is the contraction 
of fields at motion which is a fact independent of relativity (and which 
was already known before Einstein). In addition when the speed of 
another object is to be measured several clocks are to be used 
positioned along the measurement section. These clocks are 
de-synchronized in relation to the clocks of the observer at rest. These 
phenomena together cause the measurement result < c. You find these 
considerations in papers and books about the Lorentzian interpretation 
of relativity. So, following Lorentz, there is no reason to assume 
Einstein's spacetime.
>
> John M.
>
Perhaps I should read your book. But that chould take a lot of time, I 
am afraid.

Albrecht
>
> *From:*Dr. Albrecht Giese [mailto:genmail at a-giese.de]
> *Sent:* Sunday, September 13, 2015 1:43 PM
> *To:* John Macken <john at macken.com>; 'Nature of Light and Particles - 
> General Discussion' <general at lists.natureoflightandparticles.org>
> *Subject:* Re: [General] research papers
>
> Hello John,
>
> great that you have looked so deeply into the model which I have 
> presented. Thank you.
>
> There are some questions which I can answer quite easily. I think that 
> this model in fact explains several points just in contrast to main 
> stream physics. In standard physics the electron (just as an example) 
> is a point-like object without any internal structure. So, how can a 
> magnetic moment be explained? How can the spin be explained? How can 
> the mass be explained? The position of main stream physics is: That 
> cannot be explained but is subject to quantum mechanics. And the fact 
> that it cannot be explained shows how necessary QM is.
>
> In contrast, if the electron is assumed to have a structure like in 
> the model presented, these parameters can be explained in a classical 
> way, and this explanation is not merely a qualitative one but has 
> precise quantitative results.
>
> To  your questions in detail:
> The fact of two basic particles is necessary to explain the fact of an 
> oscillation and to fulfil the conservation of momentum. A single 
> object (as point-like) cannot oscillate. The basic particles are 
> composed of charges of the strong force. In this model the strong 
> force is assumed to be the universal force in our world effective on 
> all particles. A charge is a fundamental object in the scope of this 
> model. There are two kinds of charges according to the two kinds of 
> forces in our world, the strong one and the electric one. The weak 
> force is in fact the strong force but has a smaller coupling constant 
> caused by geometric circumstances. And gravity is not a force at all 
> but a refraction process, which is so a side effect of the other 
> forces. And, by the way, gravity is not curved spacetime. This is not 
> necessary, and besides of this, Einstein's spacetime leads to logical 
> conflicts.
>
> The forces (i.e. strong force) inside an elementary particle are 
> configured in a way that at a certain distance there is a potential 
> minimum and in this way the distance between the basic particles is 
> enforced. So, this field has attracting and repulsive components. 
> Outside the elementary particle the attracting forces dominate to make 
> the particle a stable one. And those field parts outside have an 
> opposite sign. Now, as the basic particles are orbiting each other, 
> the outside field is an alternating field (of the strong forth). If 
> this field propagates, it is builds a wave. This wave is described by 
> the Schrödinger equation and fulfils the assumptions of de Broglie.
>
> With the assumption of two basic particles orbiting at c and subject 
> to strong force, the parameters mass, magnetic moment, spin result 
> from it numerically correctly without further assumptions.
>
> This model does not need any vacuum energy or virtual particles. Those 
> are simply not necessary and they are anyway very speculative because 
> not directly observable. And in the case of the vacuum energy of the 
> universe we are confronted with the discrepancy of 10^120 which you 
> also mention in your paper attached to your mail.
>
> The Coulomb law can be easily explained by the assumption (standard at 
> quantum mechanics) that a force is realized by exchange particles. The 
> density of exchange particles and so the strength of the field 
> diminishes by 1/r^2, which is simple geometry.
>
> So John, this is my position. Now I am curious about your objections 
> of further questions.
>
> Best regards
> Albrecht
>
> Am 11.09.2015 um 23:51 schrieb John Macken:
>
>     Hello Albrecht and All,
>
>     I have attached a one page addition that I will make to my book.
>     It is a preliminary explanation of my model of the spacetime
>     field.  It has been very helpful to me to interact with this group
>     because I now understand better the key stumbling block for some
>     scientists to accept my thesis.  Therefore I have written the
>     attached introduction to ease the reader of my book into my model.
>
>     *Albrecht:*  I appreciate your email.  We agree on several points
>     which include the size of the electron and there is a similarity
>     in the explanation of gravity.  The key points of disagreement are
>     the same as I have with the rest of the group.  Your explanation
>     of a fundamental particle is not really an explanation.  You
>     substitute a fundamental particle such as an electron with two
>     “basic particles”.  Have we made any progress or did we just
>     double the problem?  What is your basic particles made of?  What
>     is the physics behind the force of attraction between the
>     particles? What is the physics behind an electric field? How does
>     your model create de Broglie waves? How does your model create a
>     gravitational field (curved spacetime)?  Can you derive the
>     Coulomb law and Newtonian gravitational equation from your model?
>
>     These might seem like unfair questions, but my model does all of
>     these things. All it requires is the reader accept the fact that
>     the vacuum possesses activity which can be characterized as a type
>     of energy density that is not observable (no rest mass or
>     momentum).  This is no different that accepting that QED
>     calculations should be believed when they assume vacuum energy or
>     that zero point energy really exists.
>
>     *Albrecht*, perhaps I have come on too strong, but I have decided
>     to take a firmer stand.  You just happen to be the first person
>     that I contrast to my model.  I am actually happy to discuss the
>     scientific details in a less confrontational way.  I just wanted
>     to make an initial point.
>
>     John M.
>
>     *From:*General
>     [mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com at lists.natureoflightandparticles.org]
>     *On Behalf Of *Dr. Albrecht Giese
>     *Sent:* Friday, September 11, 2015 9:52 AM
>     *To:* general at lists.natureoflightandparticles.org
>     <mailto:general at lists.natureoflightandparticles.org>
>     *Subject:* Re: [General] research papers
>
>     Dear John Macken,
>
>     I would like to answer a specific topic in your mail below. You
>     write "... would have particular relevance to the concept that the
>     Higgs field is needed to give inertia to fermions".
>
>     We should not overlook that even mainstream physicists working on
>     elementary particles admit that the Higgs theory is not able to
>     explain inertia.  I give you as a reference:
>
>     >Steven D. Brass, The cosmological constant puzzle, Journal of Physics G, Nuclear and Particle
>     Physics 38, 4(2011) 43201< ,
>
>     which has the result that the Higgs field, which causes inertia
>     according to the theory, is by at least 56 orders of magnitude too
>     small to explain the mass of the elementary particles. (Another
>     weakness is the fact that the Higgs theory does not tell us the
>     mass of any elementary particle even if all other parameters are
>     known.)
>
>     As you may remember, in our meeting I have presented a model
>     explaining inertia which does not only work as a general idea but
>     provides very precise results for the mass of leptons. The mass is
>     classically deduced from the size of a particle.  It also explains
>     the mass of quarks, but here the verification is more difficult,
>     due to the lack of measurements. In addition I have shown that the
>     model also explains the (dynamic) mass of photons, if the size of
>     a photon is related to its wavelength.
>
>     You may find details in the proceedings of our San Diego meeting,
>     but also on the following web sites:
>
>     www.ag-physics.org/rmass <http://www.ag-physics.org/rmass>
>     www.ag-physics.org/electron <http://www.ag-physics.org/electron> .
>
>     You may also find the sites by Google search entering the string
>     "origin of mass". You will find it on position 1 or 2 of the list,
>     where it has constantly been during the past 12 years.
>
>     If you have any questions about it, please ask me. I will be happy
>     about any discussion.
>
>     With best regards
>     Albrecht Giese
>
>
>     Am 04.09.2015 um 18:40 schrieb John Macken:
>
>         Martin,
>
>         I wanted to remind you that I think that you should update
>         your article “Light Is Heavy” to include the mathematical
>         proof that confined light has exactly the same inertia as
>         particles with equal energy.  Accelerating a reflecting box
>         causes different photon pressure which results in a net
>         inertial force.  I already reference your Light Is Heavy
>         article in my book, but expanding the article would be even
>         better.  An expanded article would have particular relevance
>         to the concept that the Higgs field is needed to give inertia
>         to fermions. The Higgs field is not needed to give inertia to
>         confined light.  Furthermore, confined light exerts exactly
>         the correct inertia and kinetic energy, even at relativistic
>         conditions.  I have not seen a proof that the Higgs field
>         gives exactly the correct amount of inertia or kinetic energy
>         to fermions.  Any particle model that includes either a
>         confined photon or confined waves in spacetime propagating at
>         the speed of light gets inertia and kinetic energy from the
>         same principles as confined light in a reflecting box.
>
>         John M.
>
>         *From:* General
>         [mailto:general-bounces+john=macken.com at lists.natureoflightandparticles.org]
>         *On Behalf Of *Mark, Martin van der
>         *Sent:* Friday, September 04, 2015 6:34 AM
>         *To:* Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion
>         <general at lists.natureoflightandparticles.org>
>         <mailto:general at lists.natureoflightandparticles.org>
>         *Subject:* [General] research papers
>
>         Dear all,
>
>         My recent (and old) work can be found on Researchgate:
>
>         https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin_Van_der_Mark/publications
>
>         In particular you will find the most recent work:
>
>           * On the nature of “stuff” and the hierarchy of forces
>           * Quantum mechanical probability current as electromagnetic
>             4-current from topological EM fields
>
>         Very best regards,
>
>         Martin
>
>         Dr. Martin B. van der Mark
>
>         Principal Scientist, Minimally Invasive Healthcare
>
>         Philips Research Europe - Eindhoven
>
>         High Tech Campus, Building 34 (WB2.025)
>
>         Prof. Holstlaan 4
>
>         5656 AE  Eindhoven, The Netherlands
>
>         Tel: +31 40 2747548
>
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