[General] HA: double photon cycle, subjective v objective realities

Sun Jul 24 23:18:15 PDT 2016

Dear Chip and all,

Two loops appear naturally in the Kerr geometry,

which has a singular ring of radius a = J/m = hbar /2m .

This ring is a branch line of Kerr space into two sheets, r>0 and r<0

(here r is the oblate spheroidal coordinate).

So, Kerr's electron is not toroidal,  it is a very thin superconducting disk --

and the space r<0 may be interpreted as a mirror image of  r>0.

Ignoring this disk mirror, we speak on the double loop around this singularity,

which returns us to r>0.  Photon travels along this singularity as along a waveguide,

and the half of the wave can lie smoothly along this ring due to the Kerr second sheets.

The surface of constant phase forms a Mobius strip.

The speed of phase can be more than c without conflict with SR.

The interesting for me point would be your interpretation of L and C .

Perhaps, you know the work

Spinning Charged Ring Model of Electron

Yielding Anomalous Magnetic Moment

David L. Bergman J. Paul Wesley

which is also toroidal model based on L and C.

What could be L and C for the model of superconducting DISK ?

I wonder also your relation  2 pi hbar  = 4 pi h , is it misprint?

Best regards, Alex

________________________________
От: Chip Akins [chipakins at gmail.com]
Отправлено: 24 июля 2016 г. 17:11
Кому: 'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion'
Тема: Re: [General] double photon cycle, subjective v objective realities

Hi Richard, Grahame, Vivian, John D. and all

Over the years of research I have compiled a list of assumptions which seem to agree remarkably well with experiment.  I have tried to use the most theoretically economical approach throughout, simply because nature has taught me that Occam’s razor quite often applies.

Part of that work is contained in the text after this email.

All of the piece of the puzzle must eventually fit seamlessly in our theory, for that is how they fit in nature.

If you review the information below you will likely find a few outstanding issues.  One is the spin of the electron issue we have been discussing.  Another is the specific mechanism which causes the elementary charge. And the big one remaining is the specific cause for the quantization of mass. Meaning exactly why is it that the electron has the specific rest mass, rest energy content it has? And then the same question for the proton and the neutron.

The elementary charge question is interesting because it seems that charge is created only by two full loops of one wavelength. (See the electrical engineering formula as applied to the electron below.) It is not just the field divergence, but likely the field divergence and one or two other mechanisms working together to create electric charge.

This all has led me to some conclusions which we have already discussed.  There is a relativity dictated by nature (which is not exactly SR).  And some things go faster than light (electric charge, meaning the Coulomb field, and gravity for two examples.) The evidence that this is true is actually quite abundant, but we have been conditioned to look for other answers by the prevalent acceptance of SR. Another example of things faster than light is the wavefront velocity in particles (photons and electrons, etc.).  In this I am not claiming that information in the form of electromagnetic radiation can travel forward through space faster than light, it simply cannot. But the Coulomb field and gravity are many times faster than light. If you would like to look at references I would be glad to share some.

If the approach implied below is correct there are many implications. For example if the force Fc discussed below is real, then it is the cause for Planck’s constant. And then Fc would cause the electron radius to contract by 1/gamma with velocity. And if electric charge is only created by two full loops of one wavelength then the electron must have a radius contraction with velocity which is equal to 1/gamma.

So now here is the math.  A work in progress…
(An explanation of the variables follows at the end.)

………………………………………………………………………………………..
Physics Math
Subatomic Particle Dynamics
Chip Akins 1970 through 2016

Spin angular momentum
Transverse
[cid:image001.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Total
[cid:image003.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Formula to calculate spin ½ ħ radius
[cid:image005.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Therefore
[cid:image007.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Formula to calculate spin 1 ħ radius
[cid:image009.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Therefore
[cid:image011.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Momentum of a photon
Longitudinal and Transverse
[cid:image013.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Total
[cid:image015.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Centripetal Force
[cid:image017.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
[cid:image019.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Circular Acceleration
[cid:image021.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
[cid:image023.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Force
[cid:image025.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Frequency
[cid:image027.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
[cid:image029.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Wavelength
[cid:image031.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Angular velocity (frequency)
[cid:image033.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Spin 1 ħ
[cid:image035.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
            Spin ½ ħ
[cid:image037.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

[cid:image039.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Lorentz Factor
[cid:image041.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Mass
[cid:image043.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

[cid:image045.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Energy
[cid:image047.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
[cid:image049.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Confinement Force (Transverse)
[cid:image051.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
[cid:image053.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
[cid:image055.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
For spin ½ ħ…

[cid:image057.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

The elementary charge
[cid:image059.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Planck Charge
[cid:image061.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Force of electric charge
[cid:image063.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Force of Planck charge
[cid:image065.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Planck’s constant
[cid:image067.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Reduced Planck’s constant
[cid:image069.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

The fine structure constant
[cid:image071.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Compton’s wavelength
[cid:image073.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Speed of light
[cid:image075.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
[cid:image077.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Permeability
[cid:image079.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Permittivity
[cid:image081.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Impedance of space
[cid:image083.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
[cid:image085.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Velocity of simple longitudinal wave
[cid:image087.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Velocity of simple transverse wave
[cid:image089.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Some Results
[cid:image091.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
[cid:image093.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Electron Model Assumptions
Based on Electrical Engineering

Current circulating within the electron

[cid:image095.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Where I is current in Amperes, e is the elementary charge, and f is Compton’s frequency for the electron.

Power (Joule seconds, Watts) in the electron
            [cid:image097.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Where W is Watts, E is the energy of the electron in Joules, and f is Compton’s frequency for the electron.

Volts in the electron
[cid:image099.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]

Inductance of the electron (in Henrys)
[cid:image101.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Where L is inductance, V is volts, I is current, and f is Compton’s frequency for the electron.

Capacitance in Farads for the electron
[cid:image103.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Where C is capacitance in Farads, e in the elementary charge, and V is Volts.

Resonant frequency of the electron
[cid:image105.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Where f is frequency in Hertz (which exactly equals Compton’s frequency for the electron), L is inductance, and C is capacitance.

Internal electrical resistance of the electron
[cid:image107.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Where R is resistance in Ohms, V is volts, and I is current.
(This value is remarkably close to the von Klitzing constant Rk which is estimated at 25812.807557.)

Magnetic Flux Quantum
[cid:image109.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Where φ0 is the Magnetic Flux Quantum in Webers, V is volts, and f is Compton’s frequency for the electron.

Josephson’s Constant
[cid:image111.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Where Kj is Josephson’s constant in Hertz per volt, V is volts, and f is Compton’s frequency for the electron.

Note:  In this section the electrical engineering formula only work if we use the Compton frequency of the electron.  However we measure the spin of the electron to be ½ ħ which seems to indicate the circulation frequency is twice the Compton frequency. Therefore I am assuming that electric charge can only be generated by a double loop topology of the wave.

Any thoughts on this would be appreciated.

Variables
A acceleration
a acceleration
α The fine structure constant
c the speed of light
C capacitance
E energy
e The elementary electric charge
ε0 Electric permittivity of space
F force or
F Farads
Fc confinement force for particles
f frequency
h Planck’s constant
ħ reduced Planck’s constant [cid:image113.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]
Hz Hertz
I Inductance
K Longitudinal (bulk) modulus
L spin angular momentum or
L inductance
m mass
p momentum
ρ mass density of space
Qp Planck Charge
r radius
R resistance
S spin number (1 or ½)
μ Transverse (shear) modulus
μ0 Magnetic permeability of space
v velocity
V volts
[cid:image115.png at 01D1E58B.5F171C60]Angular frequency (radians per second)
W Watts
Wb Webers
λ Compton’s wavelength
γ Lorentz Factor
Z0 Impedance of space

Warm Regards to All

Chip

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