[General] Photon Structure

Sun Feb 5 03:09:11 PST 2017

hI jOHN

Experiments have I think confirmed the osciilatory nature of photons, hence they are discrete waves, with a given energy E =hn = hf, where n is the number of 
Planck quanta (h) and n corresponds to the frequency f.

Andrew

========================================
Message Received: Feb 03 2017, 05:24 AM
From: "Hodge John" 
To: "Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion" 
Cc: 
Subject: Re: [General] Photon Structure

Experiment has rejected wave models of light.
Know? By a simulation that posits the structure that agrees with experiment such as photon diffraction and interference.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMAjKk6k6-k
http://intellectualarchive.com/?link=item&id=1603 

Hodge

--------------------------------------------
On Thu, 2/2/17, af.kracklauer at web.de  wrote:

Subject: Re: [General] Photon Structure
To: general at lists.natureoflightandparticles.org
Cc: "'Nature of Light and Particles - General Discussion'" 
Date: Thursday, February 2, 2017, 6:58 PM

Challenge
for those seeking to fathom the structure of
"photons":   How will a candidate theory of the
photon structure ever be verified?  This is a problem
insofar as the best that can be done is to consider the
result of measurement, which will then be an intrinsic part
of the result.  It is utterly IMPOSSIBLE to observe what
went on behind the measurement----thus it can never be
known!  Therefore, photons are hypothetical entities built
on the result of interacting by means of E&M (something)
using "photo electrons", which are countably
discrete giving the impression that, whatever made them flow
was also discrete---an unjustified jump in logic!

Gesendet: Donnerstag, 02. Februar 2017 um 20:33
Uhr

Von: "John Macken"

An: "'ANDREW WORSLEY'"
, "'Nature of
Light and Particles - General Discussion'"

Betreff: Re: [General] Photon Structure

Andrew, Richard, Chip and John
D.

The discussion has turned to
whether photons possess discrete packages of energy or are
quantized waves with no concentration of energy in a small
volume.  My position is:  Photons are quantized waves
propagating in the quantum mechanical vacuum energy of
spacetime.  

This is too big a subject to
be covered in one post, so I will lay out the background
information in this post, then build on this in other
posts.  To explain my position I will first quote from my
paper titled Energetic Spacetime: The New Aether.

“Photons are usually described
as possessing “wave-particle duality”. However, this
phrase is just a name given to something that we do not
understand. The essence of a wave is that it is an
oscillating disturbance with a definable wavelength and
distributed over a substantial volume. A wave transfers
liner momentum and some waves are capable of transferring
angular momentum. Any wave disturbs the medium through which
it is propagating such that energy is being converted
between different forms.

The essence of a particle is
that it is a single unit that differs from its surroundings.
A fundamental particle is usually assumed to be energy
concentrated at a point with no internal structure. A point
particle or even a Planck length vibrating string is
incapable of possessing ħ of angular momentum as a
conceptually understandable physical rotation. The implied
infinite energy density of a point particle also defies a
physical explanation. Saying a photon has “wave-particle
duality” is like saying that it has “top-bottom
duality”. These are contradictory properties which cannot
be equal partners. A photon must either be a particle that
somehow exhibits wave properties or a wave that is somehow
quantized so that it exhibits particle properties.”

Skipping forward in this
paper, the question of quantization is addressed.  This is
an important concept because a wave can appear to have
particle-like properties if the wave is quantized.  The
following is a section titled “Strong Quantization” from
the paper Energetic Spacetime: The New
Aether.

“It is often said that photons
possess quantized energy of E = ħω. However,
we will examine the limits of this quantization.  Suppose
that we make an analogy to the equivalence principle having
a “strong” and a “weak” definition. Similarly, the
proposal is made that there is a “strong” and “weak”
definition of quantization. A strong definition of
quantization would imply that only integer multiples of the
fundamental unit are allowed. For example, if energy met the
strong definition of quantization, then energy would only
came in discrete units such as integer multiples of 1 eV.
Photons would only come in discrete frequencies which would
be integer multiples of the universal fundamental frequency
associated with the universal unit of quantized energy.
Obviously energy and frequency are not quantized according
to the “strong” definition. Instead, a photon’s energy
is only weakly quantized. All of a photon’s energy is
transferred when it is absorbed, but a photon can possess
any energy up to Planck energy. The same photon has
different energy when viewed from different frames of
reference.

Compare this to angular momentum
which meets the definition of strong quantization. Angular
momentum only comes in discrete units. All angular momentum
in the universe only comes in integer multiples of ½ ħ.
This is obvious with fermions and bosons, but a more
revealing example can be made using a carbon monoxide
molecule (CO) isolated in a vacuum. An isolated CO molecule
can only possess integer multiples of ħ angular
momentum. This translates into the CO molecule only being
able to rotate at discrete frequencies which are integer
multiples of its fundamental rotational frequency of 115
GHz. This meets the definition of strong quantization. For
another example, take a photon that is part of the cosmic
microwave background.  Over the age of the universe this
photon has lost most of its energy. However, the photon has
kept 100% of its angular momentum. Angular momentum has
strong quantization; energy has weak quantization.

It is proposed that all
quantization in the universe is ultimately traceable to
angular momentum being strongly quantized. When a photon is
absorbed by an atom, it transfers 100% of its angular
momentum to the atom. All the photon’s energy is also
transferred to the atom, but that is just a byproduct of
transferring its ħ unit of quantized angular
momentum. The amount of energy transferred from the photon
to the atom depends on the frame of reference of the atom.
However, the angular momentum transferred is independent of
the frame of reference.”

In future posts I will develop
this idea and show that the particle-like properties of a
photon can be explained by a wave that possesses quantized
angular momentum.  

John M. 

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