[General] STR twin Paradox

[Wolfgang Baer]

*WE all agree clocks slow down, but If I include the observer then I get 
an equation for the slow down that agrees with eperimetn but disagrees 
with Einstein in the higher order, so it should be testable
*

*Lets look at this thing Historically*:

In the 19’th century the hey day of Aristotelian Philosophy everyone was 
convinced Reality consisted of an external objective universe 
independent of subjective living beings. Electricity and Magnetism had 
largely been explored through empirical experiments which lead to basic 
lawssummarized by Maxwell’s equations. These equations are valid in a 
medium characterized by the permittivity ε_0 and permeability μ_0 of 
free space. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell’s_equations
These equationsare valid in a coordinate frame x,y,z,t and are identical 
in form when expressed in a different coordinate frame x’,y’,z’,t’. 
Unfortunat4ely I’ve never seen a substitution of the Lorentz formulas 
into Maxwell’s equations that will then give the same form only using 
∂/∂x’, and d/dt’, to get E’ and B’ but it must exist.

In empty space Maxwell’s equations reduce to the wave equation and 
Maxwell’s field concept required an aether as a medium for them to 
propagate. It was postulated that space was filled with such a medium 
and that the earth was moving through it. Therefore it should be 
detectable with a Michelson –Morely experiment. But The Null result 
showed this to be wrong.

**

*Einstein’s Approach:*

Einstein came along and derived the Lorentz Transformations assuming the 
speed of light is constant, synchronization protocol of clocks, and 
rods, the invariance of Maxwell’s equations in all inertial frames, and 
the null result of Michelson-Morely experiments. Einstein went on to 
eliminate any absolute space and instead proposed that all frames and 
observers riding in them are equivalent and each such observer would 
measure another observers clocks slowing down when moving with constant 
relative velocity. This interpretation lead to the Twin Paradox. Since 
each observer according to Einstein, being in his own frame would 
according to his theory claim the other observer’s clocks would slow 
down. However both cannot be right.

Einstein found an answer to this paradox in his invention of general 
relativity where clocks speed up when in a higher gravity field i.e one 
that feels less strong like up on top of a mountain. Applied to the twin 
paradox: a stationary twin sees the moving twin at velocity “v” and 
thinks the moving twin’s clock slows down. The moving twin does not move 
relative to his clock but must accelerateto make a round trip (using the 
equivalence principle calculated the being equivalent to a gravitational 
force). Feeling the acceleration as gravity and knowing that gravity 
slows her clocks she would also calculate her clocks would slow down. 
The paradox is resolved because in one case the explanation is velocity 
the other it is gravity.

*Lorentz Approach:*

Lorentz simply proposed that clocks being electromagnetic structures 
slow down and lengths in the direction of motion contract in the 
absolute aether of space according to his transformation and therefore 
the aether could not be detected. In other words Lorentz maintained the 
belief in an absolute aether filled space, but that electromagnetic 
objects relative to that space slow down and contract. Gravity and 
acceleration had nothing to do with it.

This approach pursued by Max Van Laue argued that the observer subject 
to acceleration would know that he is no longer in the same inertial 
frame as before and therefore calculate that his clocks must be slowing 
down, even though he has no way of measuring such a slow down because 
all the clocks in his reference frame. Therefore does not consider 
gravity but only the knowledge that due to his acceleration he must be 
moving as well and knowing his clocks are slowed by motion he is not 
surprised that his clock has slowed down when he gets back to the 
stationary observer and therefore no paradox exists.

Everyone agrees the moving clocks slow down but we have two different 
reasons.

In Lorentz’s case the absolute fixed frame remains which in the 
completely symmetric twin paradox experiment described above implies 
that both observers have to calculate their own clock rates from the 
same initial start frame and therefore both calculate the same slow 
down. This introduces a disembodied 3d person observer which is 
reminiscent of a god like .

In Einstein’s case both observers would see the other moving at a 
relative velocity and calculate their clocks to run slower than their 
own when they calculate their own experience they would also calculate 
their own clocks to run slow. But because they know the other twin is 
also accelerating these effects cancel and all that is left is the 
velocity slow down. In other words the Einstein explanation that one 
twin explains the slow down as a velocity effect and the other as a 
gravity effect so both come to the same conclusion is inadequate. 
Einstein’s explanation would have to fall back on Lorentz’s and both 
twins calculate both the gravity effect and the velocity effect from a 
disembodied 3d person observer which is reminiscent of a god like .

*So both Lorentz’s and Einstein’s approaches are flawed* because both 
require a disembodied 3d person observer who is observing that 
independent Aristotilian objective universe that must exist whether we 
look at it or not.

Now Baer comes along and says the entire Aristotelian approach is wrong 
and the Platonic view must be taken. Einstein is right in claiming there 
is no independent of ourselves space however his derivation of Lorentz 
Transformations was conducted under the assumption that his own 
imagination provided the 3d person observer god like observer but he 
failed to recognize the significance of this fact. And therefore had to 
invent additional and incorrect assumptions that lead to false equations.

When the observer is properly taken into account each observer generates 
his own observational display in which he creates the appearance of 
clocks. Those appearance are stationary relative to the observer’s 
supplied background space or they might be moving. But in either case 
some external stimulation has caused the two appearances. If two copies 
of the same external clock mechanism are involved and in both cases the 
clock ticks require a certain amount of action to complete a cycle of 
activity that is called a second i.e. the moving of the hand from line 1 
to line 2 on the dial. Therefore the action required to complete the 
event between clock ticks is the invariant.

The two clocks do not slow down because they appear to be moving 
relative to each other their rates are determined by their complete 
Lagrangian Energy L = T-V calculated inside the fixed mass underlying 
each observer’s universe. The potential gravitational energy of a mass 
inside the mass shell is

Eq. 1)V= -mc^2 = -m∙M_u ∙G/R_u .

Here M_u and R_u are the mass and radius of the mass shell and also the 
Schwarzchild radius of the black hole each of us is in.

A stationary clock interval is Δt its Lagrangian energy is L= m∙c^2

A moving clock interval is Δt’ its Lagrangian energy is L= ½∙m∙v^2 +m∙c^2

Comparing the two clock rates and *assuming the Action is an invariant*

Eq. 2)(m∙c^2 ) ∙ Δt = A = _(½∙m∙v^2 +m∙c^2 ) ∙ Δt’

Dividing through by m∙c^2 gives

Eq. 3)Δt = Δt’ ∙ (1 + ½∙v^2 /c^2 )

Which to first order approximation is equal to

Eq. 4)Δt = Δt’/(1 - v^2 /c^2 )^1/2

Since the second order terms are on the order of v^4 /c^4 I believe 
Einstein’s theory has not been tested to the second term accuracy. In 
both theories the moving clock interval is smaller when the clock moves 
with constant velocity in the space of an observer at rest.

Lorentz is right that there is an aether and Einstein is right that 
there is no absolute frame and everything is relative. But Baer resolve 
both these “rights” by identifying the aether as the personal background 
memory space of each observer who feels he is living in his own 
universe. We see and experience our own individual world of objects and 
incorrectly feel what we are looking at is an independent external universe.

Dr. Wolfgang Baer
Research Director
Nascent Systems Inc.
tel/fax 831-659-3120/0432
E-mail wolf at NascentInc.com

On 6/7/2017 5:54 AM, Albrecht Giese wrote:
>
> Wolf:
>
> Am 06.06.2017 um 08:14 schrieb Wolfgang Baer:
>>
>> Albrecht:
>>
>> First there have been so many E-mails I do not know which one you 
>> want me to look at to understand your explanation. So please send me 
>> a copy of it again.
>>
> Sorry but I am not at home now and do not have this mail at hand. But 
> you will find it by its contents:
>
> My mail was about this apparent conflict if two moving observes say 
> that the clock of the other one is slowed down compared to his own 
> one. Which is not a contradiction if you look at the time related 
> Lorentz transformation:
> t' = gamma*(t-vx/c2)
> where you have to insert correct values for v and x. You will find it 
> in a mail of last week.
> This understanding is essential for any discussion of dilation.
>>
>> Of course if there is some special to interpret Einstein's intent  
>> that is not in Einstein's book then perhaps you are right ,
>>
> Which book of Einstein do you mean? As above, this is not a special 
> interpretation of Einstein's intent but the correct use of the Lorentz 
> transformation.
>>
>> if you are telling me that the only valid inertial frame is the  
>> frame of a third person god like observer who is stationary before 
>> the twins fire their rockets and in that frame both of the twins 
>> doing exactly the same thing would have exactly the same clock rates 
>> and therefore they will have the elapsed time when they meet.
> No, you can take any frame you want. But for the whole process where 
> you use the Lorentz transformation you have to refer to the same frame.
>> And further if you are telling me that both twins must realize that 
>> their own clock is slowing down and the other twin's clock is also 
>> slowing down because both twins must do their calculations in this 
>> special initial god like 3d person frame so both agree
> No, it is not the condition that there is a god like person, but one 
> has to stay with one frame whichever it is.
>>
>> And further you are telling me that all the talk about there not 
>> being a special inertial frame, and everything is relative
>> and neither twin believes he is in his own inertial frame because 
>> neither feels he is moving is a misinterpretation of SRT
> whether someone feels that he is moving or not depends also on his 
> choice of the reference frame.
>> and further that URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox
>>
>> "Starting with Paul Langevin 
>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Langevin> in 1911, there have 
>> been various explanations of this paradox. These explanations "can be 
>> grouped into those that focus on the effect of different standards of 
>> simultaneity in different frames, and those that designate the 
>> acceleration [experienced by the travelling twin] as the main 
>> reason...".^[5] 
>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox#cite_note-Debs_Redhead-5> 
>> Max von Laue <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_von_Laue> argued in 
>> 1913 that since the traveling twin must be in two separate inertial 
>> frames <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_frames>, one on the 
>> way out and another on the way back, this frame switch is the reason 
>> for the aging difference, not the acceleration /per se/.^[6] 
>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox#cite_note-6> Explanations 
>> put forth by Albert Einstein 
>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein> and Max Born 
>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Born> invoked gravitational time 
>> dilation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_time_dilation> 
>> to explain the aging as a direct effect of acceleration.^[7] 
>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox#cite_note-Jammer-7> 
>> General relativity is not necessary to explain the twin paradox; 
>> special relativity alone can explain the phenomenon.^[8] 
>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox#cite_note-8> ^[9] 
>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox#cite_note-9> .^[10]" 
>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox#cite_note-10>
> ^Paul Langevin and Max von Laue are both correct with their 
> explanation as I already wrote in the other mail.
>> ^
>> Einstein and Born explanationis bull shit because in fact there is a 
>> preferred inertial frame  i.e the frame in which both twins were 
>> initially at rest
> Albert Einstein and Max Born are according to Wikipedia cited by other 
> books, but no contents are given. So, what shall I say?I know about 
> Einstein that he has, when he was asked about the twin paradox, 
> referred to acceleration in so far that in any case of acceleration 
> the original frames are left and so the Lorentz transformation is no 
> longer applicable. I have the facsimile of a letter which Einsteinonce 
> wrote to a former member of our pre-Vigier group(i.e. PIRT) saying 
> just this.
>
> I do not know and have never heard that Einstein referred the twin 
> paradox to gravity. And to referhere to gravitational time dilation is 
> so far from any logic that I cannot imagine that Einstein has 
> mentioned something like that at any time.
>> ^
>> Then I agree with you.
>>
>> But be careful what you wish for because this leads to my CAT 
>> theorythat all objects are created in the obserer's space and the 
>> observer always provides the fundamental background in which both 
>> Einsteins theory and Lorenz theory and for that matter maxwell's 
>> equations are valid. I would love to have you agree with my 
>> object-subject integrated physics, which I am developing. Look at my 
>> Vigier 10 paper to see I argued that Einsteins imagination was he 
>> special background space in which his thought experiment occurred.
> ^I am afraid that you will overload or over-interpret Einstein's 
> theory if using it for any observer dependent theories. Einstein 
> himself believed that there is an objective reality but that every 
> inertial frame is an own world in some sense. Relativity exists 
> according to Einstein completely independent of the existence of 
> thinking humans.
>> ^
>> PS: your explanation is like Max von Laue's only he did not use a 
>> symmetric experiment protocol and therefore requires four reference 
>> frame switches, which leadme to ask how is the frame change 
>> implemented if not through the gravitational time dilation 
>> explanation put forward by Einstein and Born.
> ^Why so complicated? As soon as some objectchanges its speed it leaves 
> its original frame. That is simply the definition of a linear motion, 
> nothing philosophical beyond that.
> And the symmetric version of the twin paradox is your proposal, so 
> neither Max von Laue nor somebody else will have used it. So only one 
> change of the frame, not two or more changes.
>>
>>  we are getting closer soon I'll show you that the speed with which 
>> your particles move is the speed of Now In CAT not the speed of 
>> light, which is always changing and not at all constant.
> For Einstein the speed of light is constant everywhere. I personally 
> do not agree to this because I follow the Lorentzian relativity, which 
> Ido because the Lorentzian SRT is based on physics whereas Einstein's 
> relativity is based on abstract principles. In general I do not like 
> principles as final solutions of open questions.
>
> In a general view it is a big surprise for me that such a simple 
> physical phenomenon like SRT can be made or seen so complicated as it 
> appears in this discussion.
>> Dr. Wolfgang Baer
>> Research Director
>> Nascent Systems Inc.
>> tel/fax 831-659-3120/0432
>> E-mailwolf at NascentInc.com
>> On 6/5/2017 7:15 AM, Albrecht Giese wrote:
>>>
>>> Wolf,
>>>
>>> to summarize: Einstein's book is not wrong, but if you use it in a 
>>> wrong way then the results are conflicting.
>>>
>>> Am 05.06.2017 um 04:26 schrieb Wolfgang Baer:
>>>>
>>>> On 6/4/2017 9:40 AM, Albrecht Giese wrote:
>>>> Each twin has two choices
>>>>> 1.) He ignores physics. He travels forth and back and when he is 
>>>>> back again, he meets twin 2 and can compare the clocks of both. 
>>>>> They will indicate the same time. So he will not see any problem.
>>>> He does not ignore physics but ignores SRT. Both twins do exactly 
>>>> the same thing and physics tells them to expect to get the same 
>>>> result.
>>>
>>>>> 2.) He knows physics SRT and particularly special relativity. And, 
>>>>> to be close to your case, he may define after his start his frame 
>>>>> of motion as the reference frame. So in this frame his clock will 
>>>>> run with normal speed. 
>>>> His frame of reference is his spaceship outfitted with real meter 
>>>> sticks and real clocks. He looks outside and measures the doppler 
>>>> shift from a predefined signal frequency and so each one knows the 
>>>> other is moving away at velocity 'v' relative to himself
>>> Any rod and any clock is according to Einstein related to one frame. 
>>> If one changes his frame, anything is new.
>>>>> Then, whenhis retro rocket has started, he will notice the 
>>>>> acceleration. He knows that compared to his previous state of 
>>>>> motion he is now moving towards twin 2 with a speed which you have 
>>>>> called v. 
>>>> His frame of reference is still his spaceship outfitted with real 
>>>> meter sticks and real clocks. He looks outside and measures the 
>>>> doppler shift from a predefined signal frequency and so each one 
>>>> knows the other is moving away at velocity 'v' relative to himself 
>>>> only now the velocity is toward each other.
>>> If he still understands his spaceship as his frame after the retro 
>>> rocket has started then he leaves the conditions for the validity of 
>>> SRT.
>>>>> And as he knows physics, he will be aware of the fact that now his 
>>>>> own clock will run differently than before. 
>>>> No he reads a book on special relativity written by Einstein that 
>>>> tells him the other twins clock should run slowthan his own.
>>> If he reads and understands special relativity following Einstein 
>>> then he knows that now /also his own clock /runs slower.
>>>>> So if he wants to understand what is going on and if he still 
>>>>> takes his original state of motion as his reference frame, he has 
>>>>> torealize that his clock is now running slower. 
>>>> Why would he take his original state of motion as his reference 
>>>> frame? That would be some imaginaty space ship still moving away at 
>>>> velocity "v". His reference frame is his space ship, something may 
>>>> have effected its clocks and rods but his frame is his frame. You 
>>>> are making up a story about his own clocks that are obviously 
>>>> running exactly the way they always as far as his observations are 
>>>> concerned  in order to make the theory he read in the SRT book more 
>>>> valid than what he actually sees and can measure.
>>> The Lorentz transformation which we are talking about defines the 
>>> transformation from one (inertial) frame to another one. If twin 1 
>>> takes his spaceship as his frame /a//fter /the acceleration then any 
>>> facts from thetime before are no longer of relevance.
>>>>> - On the other hand, if he wants to understand the situation of 
>>>>> twin 2 he has to realize that the speed of twin 2, *takin**g place 
>>>>> with v in relation to his own original frame,****causes a slow 
>>>>> down of the clock **of t**win 2*. But then, after twin 2 has fired 
>>>>> his retro rocket, twin 2 will have speed = 0 with respect to the 
>>>>> original frame of twin1. So the clock of twin 2 will now run in 
>>>>> the normal way. 
>>>> Compared with an imaginary frame. We and Einstein claimed to deals 
>>>> with real rods and clocks
>>> Any rod and any clock is according to Einstein related to a frame 
>>> and makes no sensewithout such reference. If one changes his frame, 
>>> anything is new. The word "real" has a limited meaning in that case.
>>>>> - If you now add the different phases of both clocks, i.e. the 
>>>>> phases of normal runand the phases of slow down, you will see that 
>>>>> the result is the same for both twins. And this is what I have 
>>>>> explained quantitatively in my last mail.
>>>> All one has to do is to add to the protocol that each twin should 
>>>> take a faximily of their own clocks and  compare them later by your 
>>>> own analysis (*see bold face above*) each twin would believe his 
>>>> own Fax would run at the normal rate but the other would slow down.
>>> Here you misunderstand how dilation works. I have tried to show you 
>>> earlier that clock comparison is not so simple. If two observers 
>>> move with respect to each other, then in a naive view the observer 
>>> holding clock 1 would say that clock 2 runs slower and at the same 
>>> time the observer holding clock 2 would say that clock 1 runs 
>>> slower. This is as a fact logically not possible. I have explained 
>>> in the other mail how this comparison works correctly so that the 
>>> logical conflict does not occur. Please look at that mail again and 
>>> we can continue our discussion on that basis.
>>>>
>>>> In other words the experiment gives the answer logic would expect, 
>>>> but the story in Einstain's book is wrong. It is not that mooving 
>>>> clocks do not slow down but the theory explaining it is different 
>>>> and must include the physics of the observer, which I'll describe 
>>>> next once we get this point straightened out.
>>> Einstein is not wrong but you are using the Lorentz transformation 
>>> in an incorrect way. Please read the other mail again and we can 
>>> discuss on that basis.
>>>>>
>>>>> I must say that I have problems to understand where you have a 
>>>>> difficulty to see this.
>>>>
>>>> Dr. Wolfgang Baer
>>>> Research Director
>>>> Nascent Systems Inc.
>>>> tel/fax 831-659-3120/0432
>>>> E-mailwolf at NascentInc.com
>>>>
>>>>
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